CN112961272A - Absorption sacrificial agent for polycarboxylate superplasticizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Absorption sacrificial agent for polycarboxylate superplasticizer and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112961272A
CN112961272A CN201911282183.XA CN201911282183A CN112961272A CN 112961272 A CN112961272 A CN 112961272A CN 201911282183 A CN201911282183 A CN 201911282183A CN 112961272 A CN112961272 A CN 112961272A
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monomer
integer
absorption
sacrificial agent
agent
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CN112961272B (en
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乔敏
高南箫
陈健
冉千平
吴井志
丁硕
赵明亮
秦涛
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Jiangsu Bote New Materials Co Ltd
Bote New Materials Taizhou Co Ltd
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Bote New Materials Taizhou Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/34—Esters containing nitrogen, e.g. N,N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate
    • C08F220/36—Esters containing nitrogen, e.g. N,N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen, e.g. 2-N-morpholinoethyl (meth)acrylate or 2-isocyanatoethyl (meth)acrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/16—Sulfur-containing compounds
    • C04B24/161—Macromolecular compounds comprising sulfonate or sulfate groups
    • C04B24/163—Macromolecular compounds comprising sulfonate or sulfate groups obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/243—Phosphorus-containing polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/2652—Nitrogen containing polymers, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/52—Amides or imides
    • C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/0068—Ingredients with a function or property not provided for elsewhere in C04B2103/00
    • C04B2103/0078—Sorbent materials

Abstract

The invention provides an adsorption sacrificial agent for a polycarboxylate water reducer and a preparation method thereof. The absorption sacrificial agent for the polycarboxylate superplasticizer is prepared by carrying out free radical copolymerization on a vinyl monomer A with cationic charge and an amide compound B; the molar ratio of the two is 1: 0.5-2.0. The absorption sacrificial agent has a simple and convenient synthesis process, has good compatibility with the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, can be preferentially absorbed on clay particles, can effectively solve the problem that the mud content of the aggregate influences the service performance of the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent under an extremely low mixing amount, and has a higher cost performance advantage compared with the effect of improving the mixing amount of the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent when the absorption sacrificial agent is added under the condition of the same fluidity of concrete.

Description

Absorption sacrificial agent for polycarboxylate superplasticizer and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, particularly relates to the technical field of concrete admixtures, and particularly relates to an adsorption sacrificial agent for a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the increase of the amount of commercial concrete in China, high-quality base materials are consumed, the sand and stone material phase is very poor in many areas, but resources are limited, only sand and stone with high mud content can be used, so that the adaptability of the water reducing agent is deteriorated, the mixing amount is increased, and the slump loss of fresh concrete is very quick.
The sand and stone materials in different regions have different mud compositions, so the influence effects are different. The clay minerals adhered in the sandstone materials mainly comprise kaolin, bentonite and illite. The three clay minerals have the following effects on the performance of the polycarboxylic acid water reducer: bentonite > illite ≈ kaolinite.
The bentonite has negative influence on the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent mainly due to the following two reasons: (1) adsorbing cations generated by ion exchange on the surface of the bentonite with carboxylate radical of the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent; (2) and (3) carrying out side chain intercalation adsorption on the polyoxyethylene ether of the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
Based on this, there are several methods for alleviating the negative effects of clay: (1) due to the intercalation adsorption of the side chain, the polycarboxylate superplasticizer without (ultrashort) side chains is used, and the method actually violates the key factor of huge water reducing effect generated by steric hindrance of the side chains of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer; (2) preparing a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent with rigid side chains, so that the side chain intercalation adsorption effect is weakened; (3) the process is changed, and the unit effective water reducing agent molecules are improved; (4) a sacrificial agent is used.
The sacrificial agent can be preferentially adsorbed on the surfaces of clay particles, so that the clay particles are separated from polycarboxylic acid molecules and water molecules, and hydration expansion of the clay particles and adsorption of the clay particles on the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent are inhibited.
Patent CN105601783 discloses a "preparation method of a mud retarder for a composite polycarboxylic acid water reducer", which selects unsaturated alcohol or derivatives thereof and dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride as reaction monomers, or selects acrylamide or derivatives thereof, unsaturated alcohol or derivatives thereof and dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride as reaction monomers. And after the reaction is finished, adding polyaluminium chloride or zirconium polychlorid for compounding to obtain the mud inhibitor for the composite polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent. The mixing amount of the composite mud inhibitor is about 10 percent.
Patent CN104479084 discloses "polycarboxylate system mud-resistant agent and preparation method thereof", this patent is by the polyoxyethylene ether that contains unsaturated double bond, unsaturated ester and derivative are the monomer, unsaturated carboxylic acid and its derivative, redox initiator is through free radical initiation polymerization to form, polycarboxylate system mud-resistant agent is in the in-process separation concrete in the use absorption of earth to polycarboxylate water-reducing agent in the ground material, thereby reduce the water-reducing agent quantity, save cost, effectively improve the material mud content when using polycarboxylate water-reducing agent greatly to its influence of performance. The mud-containing cement paste added with the novel environment-friendly polycarboxylate-type mud resisting agent can keep a certain fluidity, and the optimal dosage of the mud-containing cement paste is 0.06% of the mass of the mud-containing cement. The mixing amount of the mud inhibitor is also higher.
CN102617811 discloses a method for preparing an amphoteric vinyl polymer concrete mud-resistant agent, which comprises the steps of carrying out esterification reaction on methacrylic acid and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether to prepare polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether methacrylate, and then carrying out free radical initiated polymerization on the polyethylene glycol monomethyl methacrylate, an acrylic monomer, a vinyl cationic monomer and a vinyl sulfonate monomer to prepare the amphoteric vinyl polymer concrete mud-resistant agent, wherein the amphoteric vinyl polymer concrete mud-resistant agent can improve the mud resistance of concrete and can effectively inhibit the influence of the mud content in sand and stone on the working performance of concrete when a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent is used. The mud-containing cement paste added with the amphoteric vinyl polymer concrete mud-resistant agent can keep a certain fluidity, and the dosage of the mud-containing cement paste is 0.06 percent of the mass of the mud-containing cement. The amphoteric vinyl polymer concrete mud-resistant agent is still higher in mixing amount.
The sacrificial agent is used in combination with the water reducing agent, so that the dosage of the water reducing agent is increased due to the increase of the mud content, and the mixing amount of the sacrificial agent is higher, so that the cost performance advantage is lost compared with the dosage of the water reducing agent, and the extra use cost is increased instead, and the popularization and the application cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an adsorption sacrificial agent for a polycarboxylate water reducer and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problems of large mixing amount and high cost of the existing sacrificial agent. The absorption sacrificial agent has a simple and convenient synthesis process, has good compatibility with the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, can be preferentially absorbed on clay particles, can effectively solve the problem that the mud content of the aggregate influences the service performance of the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent under an extremely low mixing amount, and has a higher cost performance advantage compared with the effect of improving the mixing amount of the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent when the absorption sacrificial agent is added under the condition of the same fluidity of concrete.
The absorption sacrificial agent for the polycarboxylate superplasticizer is prepared by carrying out free radical copolymerization on an ethylene monomer A with cationic charge and an amide compound B; the molar ratio of the two is 1: 0.5-2.0;
the monomer A is a substance represented by a vinyl monomer with cationic charge and a general formula (I):
Figure BDA0002317063920000031
wherein R is1Is H or CH3；R4Is CnH2nWherein n is an integer of 1 to 4; r2、R3Is H or CnH2n+1Wherein n is 1-6Is an integer of (1).
The monomer B is a substance represented by the general formula (II):
Figure BDA0002317063920000032
wherein R is5Is H or CH3；R6Is H, CnH2n+1Wherein n is an integer of 1 to 8; r7Is H, CnH2n+1Wherein n is an integer of 1 to 8, or CnH2nX, wherein n is an integer of 1 to 4, X is PO3H2Or SO3H, or is CnH2n-1XX', wherein n is an integer of 1-4 and X is PO3H2Or SO3H, and X' is PO3H2Or SO3H。
It is essential that monomer A is a vinyl cationic compound. In a fresh concrete system, clay minerals adsorb anionic surfactants through van der waals force mainly due to surface negative charges. The introduction of cations can enable clay minerals to preferentially adsorb the cationic surfactants, so that the contact between clay particles and polycarboxylate superplasticizer molecules can be reduced to a considerable extent, the polycarboxylate superplasticizer molecules are protected from or reduced from being adsorbed by the clay particles, the content of an effective water reducer in a system is improved, and the dispersing effect of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer is enabled not to be influenced.
Within the scope of the present invention, monomers B are essential. Monomer B not only contains the double bond, and the hydrophilicity of its side chain compares polycarboxylate water reducing agent side chain then reduces greatly moreover, can effectively prevent the hydrone to get into between the clay layer for free water in the system increases, has reduced the consumption of water reducing agent like this on the one hand, and on the other hand has alleviateed the water absorption expansion of clay, slows down the destruction of clay to water reducing agent performance and concrete performance. In addition, the amido is a molecular rigid-flexible adjusting group, the steric hindrance group of the amido is used for limiting the free rotation of the main chain of the polymer, the rigidity and the flexibility of the molecular chain are regulated and controlled, and the stability of the polymer molecules under the conditions of high temperature and saline alkali is improved.
The monomer A is a vinyl monomer with cationic charge and is prepared from a monomer a, a monomer b and a monomer c through esterification and then ionization reaction.
Wherein the monomer a is represented by the general formula (1):
Figure BDA0002317063920000041
wherein R is1Is H or CH3。
The monomer b is represented by the general formula (2):
Figure BDA0002317063920000042
wherein R is4Is CnH2nWherein n is an integer of 1 to 4; r2、R3Is H or CnH2n+1Wherein n is an integer of 1 to 6.
The monomer c is one of sodium chloroacetate, sodium bromoacetate or sodium iodoacetate.
In the invention, the monomer a shown in the general formula (1) is acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, the monomer b shown in the general formula (2) is a monoalcohol amine compound, and the monomer c is one of sodium chloroacetate, sodium bromoacetate or sodium iodoacetate, which are known or commercially available or can be prepared according to the methods described in the published patents or literatures.
The preparation method of the vinyl monomer with cationic charge comprises the following steps: the monomer A is prepared from a monomer a, a monomer b and a monomer c through esterification and then ionization reaction.
The preparation method of the vinyl monomer with the cationic charge comprises the following specific steps: uniformly stirring and mixing the monomer a and a proper amount of acetone in a reaction container provided with a stirrer and a thermometer, and controlling the temperature to be 5-8 ℃; keeping the temperature unchanged, uniformly dropwise adding the monomer b within 10min, and keeping the temperature for 8 h; after the reaction is finished, carrying out vacuum filtration on the reaction mixture, cleaning a filter cake by using acetone, and carrying out vacuum drying for 24 hours to obtain solid powder; dissolving the solid powder in a proper amount of distilled water to prepare a solution with the mass concentration of 15-25%, adjusting the pH value to 8-9 by using a 30% NaOH solution, adding a monomer c, and reacting for 7 hours at the temperature of 30-35 ℃; most of the solvent is removed by vacuum condensation, the solute is washed by acetone, and finally the obtained sample is placed in a vacuum oven to be dried for 24 hours at room temperature to obtain the vinyl monomer A with cationic charge.
Wherein the molar ratio of the monomer a to the monomer b to the monomer c is 1:1:1, and the amount of acetone is 4-5 times of the mass of the monomer a.
The preparation method of the adsorption sacrificial agent for the polycarboxylate superplasticizer comprises the following steps:
adding a monomer A, a monomer B and distilled water into a reactor provided with a thermometer, a stirrer and a dropping funnel, starting stirring and heating to 60-65 ℃; preparing an initiator into a solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-1%, slowly dripping the solution into a reactor within 1-2 h, heating to 80-85 ℃ after dripping is finished, and continuously reacting for 4h at the temperature to obtain the adsorption sacrificial agent with the solid content of 10-15%.
The initiator is selected from water-soluble azo initiators or persulfate initiators; the water-soluble azo initiator is selected from one of azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride, azobisisobutylimidazoline hydrochloride, azobiscyanovaleric acid and azobisisopropylimidazoline; the persulfate initiator is selected from one of sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate.
The initiator accounts for 0.5-2.0% of the total weight of the reactants A and B. The initiator with excessive dosage can initiate more free radicals, so that the reaction rate is accelerated, and the molecular weight of the product is reduced; if the amount of the initiator is too small, the reaction rate becomes slow, and the polymerization is even stopped.
The dropping time of the initiator solution is 1-2 h, and the solvent of the initiator solution is water. The concentration of the aqueous initiator solution is not critical, and it is sufficient to control the completion of the dropping within a given time. The dripping speed is slower when the concentration is high, and is faster when the concentration is low, the solution amount is less when the concentration is too high, and the dripping speed is difficult to control, so that the concentration is controlled to be 0.5-1.0%.
In the invention, the free radical polymerization reaction is selected to react for 4 hours at 80-85 ℃, and the reaction temperature is determined by the decomposition temperature of the initiator. Either too high or too low of a temperature can change the half-life of the initiator, affect the rate of polymerization and the relative molecular weight of the polymer product, and thereby change the overall properties of the polymer product.
The invention controls the weight average molecular weight of the absorption sacrificial agent to be 500-5000 by reasonably controlling the components and the proportion of the synthetic raw materials and the synthetic conditions, and the absorption sacrificial agent prepared under the molecular weight has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the adsorption sacrificial agent provided by the invention has a monomer with a positive charge functional group, can be preferentially adsorbed on clay minerals, reduces the contact between clay particles and polycarboxylic acid molecules, improves the content of an effective water reducing agent, and enables the dispersing effect of the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent not to be influenced;
(2) the absorption sacrificial agent contains the amide monomer, the hydrophilicity of the side chain of the absorption sacrificial agent is greatly reduced compared with that of the side chain of the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, and water molecules can be effectively organized to enter clay layers, so that free water in the system is increased, the consumption of the water reducing agent is reduced, the water absorption expansion of clay is reduced, and the damage of the clay to the performance of the water reducing agent and the performance of concrete is relieved.
(3) The optimal dosage of the absorption sacrificial agent is 0.2/ten thousand to 0.4/ten thousand of the dosage of the concrete cementing material, the problem that the mud content of the aggregate influences the service performance of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer can be effectively solved under the extremely low dosage, and the addition of the sacrificial agent has higher cost performance advantage than the improvement of the dosage of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer under the condition of the same fluidity of the concrete.
(4) The weight average molecular weight of the sacrificial adsorbent needs to be controlled to be 500-5000, and too high or too low molecular weight can influence the competitive adsorption effect, so that the action effect of the sacrificial adsorbent is influenced.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples describe in more detail the preparation of the polymer product according to the process of the invention and are given by way of illustration and are intended to enable one skilled in the art to understand the contents of the invention and to carry out the invention, without limiting the scope of the invention in any way. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. The monomers used in the following examples are shown in Table 1, and the molar ratios of the monomers and the amounts of the initiators used are shown in Table 2.
In the examples of the invention, the weight-average molecular weight Mw of the polymers was determined by means of a Wyatt technology corporation gel permeation chromatograph (miniDAWN Tristar laser light scattering detector).
The raw materials in the synthesis examples of the present invention were purchased from Shanghai' an Ji-resistant chemistry.
Table 1 raw materials and symbols used in the synthetic examples
Figure BDA0002317063920000061
Figure BDA0002317063920000071
Figure BDA0002317063920000081
Figure BDA0002317063920000091
Synthesis example 1
130.75g of monomer A, 24.75 g of monomer B and 998g of distilled water were added to a reactor equipped with a thermometer, stirrer and dropping funnel, stirring was started and the temperature was raised to 60 to 65 ℃. Dissolving 1.6g V50 in 154g of water to prepare a solution with the mass concentration of 1%, slowly dripping the solution into a reactor within 1h, heating to 80-85 ℃ after dripping, and continuously reacting for 4h at the temperature to obtain the adsorbent sacrificial agent with the solid content of 12% and the weight-average molecular weight Mw of 1210.
Synthesis examples 2 to 12
Synthesis examples 2 to 12 of the present invention were prepared by following the procedure of Synthesis example 1, and fed in the proportions described in Table 2.
TABLE 2 feed proportions for the preparation of the synthesis examples
Figure BDA0002317063920000092
Figure BDA0002317063920000101
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002317063920000102
In the application embodiment of the invention, except for special description, the adopted cement is 52.5 R.P.II cement for small open field, the sand is medium sand with fineness modulus Mx of 2.6, and the stones are continuous graded broken stones with the particle size of 5-20 mm. The montmorillonite for experiment is purchased from Guangzhou Tuoyi New Material Co. The concrete mix proportions are given in table 3. In the experiment, the slump constant and the change of the slump constant with the lapse of time are carried out according to the method in GB 8076-2008 'concrete admixture' 6.5.1; the gas content is carried out according to the method described in GB 8076-20086.6.1; the compressive strength is carried out according to the method described in GB 50081-2002 Standard for testing mechanical properties of ordinary concrete 6. The polycarboxylate superplasticizer is a polycarboxylate superplasticizer PCA I self-made by Jiangsu Subo New materials GmbH.
TABLE 3 concrete mix proportions
Figure BDA0002317063920000111
Application examples
Comparative example 1 is vinyl cationic monomer A-1 synthesized according to the method described in this patent, and comparative example 2 is dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, a small molecule cationic surfactant. The effects of synthetic examples 1 to 12 and comparative examples 1 to 2 on slump of the concrete containing clay (added with montmorillonite), the change of slump with time, air content and compressive strength were tested. In the experiment, the mixing amount of the synthetic examples and the comparative examples is 0.3/ten thousand (solid mixing amount) of the using amount of the cementing material, and the using amount of the montmorillonite is 0.5 percent of the using amount of the cementing material. The results of the experiments are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 influence of Synthesis examples 1-12 and comparative examples 1-2 on workability of clay-containing concrete (with addition of montmorillonite)
Figure BDA0002317063920000112
Figure BDA0002317063920000121
The data in Table 4 show that the adsorption sacrificial agent for the concrete polycarboxylate superplasticizer and the preparation method thereof have obvious water reducing stimulation effect, and the influence of the obtained product on the workability of concrete is slightly different due to different reaction conditions in the synthesis examples 1-12, but the adsorption sacrificial agent is obviously superior to the adsorption sacrificial agent in the comparative examples 1 and 2. Taking the reference 1 as a comparison sample, adding 0.3/ten thousand of the concrete of the synthetic examples 1-12 under the same water reducing agent adding amount, wherein the slump and the slump for 1h are both obviously greater than the reference 1, and the slump of the comparative examples 1 and 2 is slightly greater than the reference 1; the concrete of 0.3/ten thousand synthetic examples 1-12 was blended with the reference 2 as a control, and the blending amount of the water reducing agent was only 80% of that of the reference 2 at the same slump. Therefore, the addition of the absorption sacrificial agent has the advantage of higher cost performance than the increase of the mixing amount of the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.

Claims (4)

1. The absorption sacrificial agent for the polycarboxylate water reducer is characterized by being prepared from a vinyl monomer A with cationic charges and an amide compound B through a free radical copolymerization reaction; the molar ratio of the two is 1: 0.5-2.0;
the monomer A is a substance represented by a vinyl monomer with cationic charge and a general formula (I):
Figure FDA0002317063910000011
wherein R is1Is H or CH3；R4Is CnH2nWherein n is an integer of 1 to 4; r2、R3Is H or CnH2n+1Wherein n is an integer of 1 to 6;
the monomer B is a substance represented by the general formula (II):
Figure FDA0002317063910000012
wherein R is5Is H or CH3；R6Is H, CnH2n+1Wherein n is an integer of 1 to 8; r7Is H, CnH2n+1Wherein n is an integer of 1 to 8, or CnH2nX, wherein n is an integer of 1 to 4, X is PO3H2Or SO3H, or is CnH2n-1XX', wherein n is an integer of 1-4 and X is PO3H2Or SO3H, and X' is PO3H2Or SO3H。
2. The absorption sacrificial agent for the polycarboxylate water reducer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monomer A is a vinyl monomer with cationic charge, and is prepared from a monomer a, a monomer b and a monomer c through esterification and then ionization reaction;
wherein the monomer a is represented by the general formula (1):
Figure FDA0002317063910000013
wherein R is1Is H or CH3；
The monomer b is represented by the general formula (2):
Figure FDA0002317063910000021
wherein R is4Is CnH2nWherein n is an integer of 1 to 4; r2、R3Is H or CnH2n+1Wherein n is an integer of 1 to 6;
the monomer c is one of sodium chloroacetate, sodium bromoacetate or sodium iodoacetate.
3. The absorption sacrificial agent for the polycarboxylate superplasticizer according to claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the vinyl monomer with cationic charge comprises the following specific steps:
uniformly stirring and mixing the monomer a and a proper amount of acetone in a reaction container provided with a stirrer and a thermometer, and controlling the temperature to be 5-8 ℃; keeping the temperature unchanged, uniformly dropwise adding the monomer b within 10min, and keeping the temperature for 8 h; after the reaction is finished, carrying out vacuum filtration on the reaction mixture, cleaning a filter cake by using acetone, and carrying out vacuum drying for 24 hours to obtain solid powder;
dissolving the solid powder in a proper amount of distilled water to prepare a solution with the mass concentration of 15-25%, adjusting the pH value to 8-9 by using a 30% NaOH solution, adding a monomer c, and reacting for 7 hours at the temperature of 30-35 ℃;
removing most of the solvent by vacuum condensation, cleaning the solute by acetone, and finally placing the obtained sample in a vacuum oven to be dried for 24 hours at room temperature to obtain the vinyl monomer A with cationic charge;
wherein the molar ratio of the monomer a to the monomer b to the monomer c is 1:1:1, and the amount of acetone is 4-5 times of the mass of the monomer a.
4. The preparation method of the adsorption sacrificial agent for the polycarboxylate water reducer as defined in any one of claims 1-3 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding a monomer A, a monomer B and distilled water into a reactor provided with a thermometer, a stirrer and a dropping funnel, starting stirring and heating to 60-65 ℃; preparing an initiator into a solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-1%, slowly dripping the solution into a reactor within 1-2 h, heating to 80-85 ℃ after dripping is finished, and continuously reacting for 4h at the temperature to obtain an adsorption sacrificial agent with the solid content of 10-15%;
the initiator is selected from water-soluble azo initiators or persulfate initiators; the water-soluble azo initiator is selected from one of azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride, azobisisobutylimidazoline hydrochloride, azobiscyanovaleric acid and azobisisopropylimidazoline; the persulfate initiator is selected from any one of sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate;
the dosage of the initiator accounts for 0.5 to 2.0 percent of the total weight of the reactants A and B.
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