CN112961169A - Imide compound, preparation method thereof and application of perovskite solar cell - Google Patents

Imide compound, preparation method thereof and application of perovskite solar cell Download PDF

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CN112961169A
CN112961169A CN202011081011.9A CN202011081011A CN112961169A CN 112961169 A CN112961169 A CN 112961169A CN 202011081011 A CN202011081011 A CN 202011081011A CN 112961169 A CN112961169 A CN 112961169A
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CN112961169B (en
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孙华
王士凡
董黎明
堵锡华
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Xuzhou University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开一种酰亚胺化合物及其制备方法和钙钛矿太阳能电池应用，该化合物具有如式(I)所示的结构，该化合物拥有并噻吩酰亚胺大π共轭的平面结构和D‑A‑D型的分子结构，可以有效提升化合物的光电特性、保证其在薄膜状态下拥有良好的Π‑Π堆积，进而拥有良好的电荷传输特性，同时通过在端基引入芳胺结构进一步调控材料的HOMO能级，提升空穴迁移率，能够作为空穴传输材料用于钙钛矿太阳能电池。同时由于该空穴传输材料具有的酰亚胺结构可以进一步钝化钙钛矿层，使空穴传输材料具有较高的光电转化效率。本发明还公开了一种钙钛矿太阳能电池器件，该钙钛矿太阳能电池器件至少有一个空穴传输层含有上述的酰亚胺化合物，无需掺杂即可获得高光电转化效率。The invention discloses an imide compound, a preparation method thereof and application of perovskite solar cell. The compound has a structure shown in formula (I), and the compound has a large π-conjugated plane structure of thiopheneimide and The molecular structure of D-A-D type can effectively improve the photoelectric properties of the compound, ensure that it has good Π-Π stacking in the thin film state, and then has good charge transport properties. Adjusting the HOMO energy level of the material and improving the hole mobility can be used as a hole transport material for perovskite solar cells. At the same time, since the imide structure of the hole transport material can further passivate the perovskite layer, the hole transport material has a high photoelectric conversion efficiency. The invention also discloses a perovskite solar cell device. At least one hole transport layer of the perovskite solar cell device contains the above-mentioned imide compound, and high photoelectric conversion efficiency can be obtained without doping.

Description

Imide compound, preparation method thereof and application of perovskite solar cell
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, and relates to an imide compound, a preparation method thereof and application of a perovskite solar cell.
Background
In 2009, a scientific research group led by japanese scientist Miyasaka reported for the first time solar cells (perovskite solar cells) based on organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, and achieved a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 3.8%. With the rapid development of ten years, perovskite solar cells have become the most attractive new energy technology. However, the stability of the perovskite solar cell is different from that of the conventional solar cell, and the improvement of the stability of the perovskite solar cell is the key for realizing the industrialization of the perovskite solar cell. As an important component of perovskite solar cells, the semiconducting properties of hole transport materials play a crucial role in the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the cells. At present, PTAA or Spiro-OMeTAD is mostly used as a hole transport material for perovskite solar cells, however, due to the fact that steric hindrance of a main unit of the molecules is large, interaction of the molecules in a thin film is weak, hole mobility is low, and conductivity is poor, and therefore, the hole transport performance needs to be improved by doping additives such as organic lithium salt. However, such doping additives are sensitive to water and oxygen, and the prepared devices have poor stability and high price, so that the commercial requirements cannot be met. Therefore, the design and development of the low-cost and high-efficiency non-doped organic hole transport material have important significance for improving the stability of the perovskite solar cell and reducing the manufacturing cost of the cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an imide compound, a preparation method thereof and application of a perovskite solar cell, and aims to develop a series of hole transport materials with simple synthesis process and excellent hole transport property.
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention aims to provide an imide compound which has the advantages of simple synthesis, high charge mobility, good stability, etc., and can be applied to perovskite solar cells as a non-doped hole transport material.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an imide compound having the formula (I):
Figure BDA0002718707310000021
r1 is selected from C1-C30 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, C2-C30 substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, C2-C30 substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, C3-C30 substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, C6-C60 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, C3-C30 substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic aryl, C1-C30 substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, C1-C30 substituted or unsubstituted silyl; r2 is selected from hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, C1-C30 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, C2-C30 substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, C2-C30 substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, C3-C30 substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, C6-C60 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, C3-C30 substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic aryl, C1-C30 substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, C1-C30 substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio, C1-C30 substituted or unsubstituted silyl;
ar is an arylamine structural unit with an electron donating characteristic, and is specifically represented as a substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamine, triphenylamine, carbazole and other structural units.
Preferably, R1 is selected from a C1-C18 linear or branched alkyl group, or an alkyl polyether of the formula:
Figure BDA0002718707310000022
wherein R3, R4, R5 and R6 are all alkyl groups with the number of C atoms less than 10, and n and m are less than or equal to 10.
Preferably, R2 is selected from hydrogen, fluorine atom, straight chain or branched chain alkyl of C1-C18, methoxy, methylthio.
Preferably, the Ar structural unit is selected from any one of the following structural units:
Figure BDA0002718707310000023
the imide containing structural formula includes, but is not limited to, the following compounds:
Figure BDA0002718707310000031
a perovskite solar cell device, at least one functional layer of the perovskite solar cell device contains the imide compound.
Preferably, the functional layer is a hole transport layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: 1. the organic compound based on the structure of the bithiophene imide is developed, the photoelectric characteristic of the compound can be effectively improved by utilizing the molecular design idea that the bithiophene imide has a large pi-conjugated planar structure and D-A-D (donor unit-receptor unit-donor unit), the material is ensured to have good pi-pi accumulation in a film state, and further has good charge transmission characteristic, and simultaneously, the HOMO energy level of the material is further regulated and controlled by introducing an arylamine structure into an end group, so that the hole mobility is improved; 2. the material has the advantages of simple synthesis process and high yield, can be used as an undoped hole transport material to be applied to perovskite solar cells, shows high efficiency and excellent stability, has the potential of replacing the existing hole transport material, and has good industrialization prospect.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below:
several embodiments will be given below to specifically explain the technical solution of the present invention. It should be noted that the following examples are only for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The synthesis route of the present invention is as follows:
Figure BDA0002718707310000041
example 1
Synthesis of Compound C-1
Figure BDA0002718707310000042
Synthesis of Compounds 1-3:
firstly weighing 2.5g of compound 1-1, glacial acetic acid 20mL and 2.6g of compound 1-2, adding the mixture into a 50mL three-necked bottle, heating and refluxing for reaction for 20 hours, cooling to room temperature, pouring the mixture into a sodium carbonate solution, extracting by dichloromethane, and purifying by a silica gel column to obtain the compound 1-3 with the yield of 78%.
Synthesis of Compounds 1-5:
first, 2g of the compound 1 to 3, the compound 1 to 4(2.2equiv), tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium (0.05equiv), and 30mL of toluene were weighed and charged into a 100mL two-necked flask, nitrogen was replaced three times with a diaphragm pump, and after heating and refluxing for 20 hours, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, washed with water and extracted with dichloromethane, and purified with a silica gel column to obtain the compound 1 to 5, with a yield of 87%.
Synthesis of Compounds 1-6:
firstly weighing 2g of compound 1-5, chloroform 50mL, glacial acetic acid and adding into a 250mL double-mouth bottle, then adding NBS (2.2equiv) in portions, stirring for 12 hours at room temperature, keeping out of the sun in the process, then pouring into water, extracting with dichloromethane, and purifying with a silica gel column to obtain the compound 1-6, wherein the yield is 80%.
Synthesis of Compounds 1-7:
firstly, 1g of compound 1-6, 250mL of toluene and 5 iodine granules are weighed and added into a 500mL flask, the mixture is stirred for 5 hours at room temperature under 400nm illumination, sodium sulfite solution is poured, dichloromethane is used for extraction, and silica gel column purification is carried out to obtain compound 1-7, wherein the yield is 95%.
Synthesis of Compound C-1:
1g of Compound 1-7, Compound 1-8(4, 4-dimethoxydiphenylamine (0.82g, 2.5equiv)), NaOtBu (2.5equiv), (t-Bu) were weighed out3P(0.12equiv),Pd2(dba)3(0.06equiv) toluene 20mL, was addedIn a 50mL flask, nitrogen was replaced three times with a diaphragm pump, and after heating reflux reaction for 20 hours, it was cooled to room temperature, washed with water and extracted with dichloromethane, and purified with a silica gel column to obtain compound C-1 with a yield of 85%.
Elemental analysis: theoretical value (C56H55N3O6S 4): c, 67.65; h, 5.58; n, 4.23; s, 12.90; measured value: c, 67.64; h, 5.54; n, 4.26; s,12.88, HRMS (ESI) M/z (M +1)+: theoretical value: 994.29, respectively; measured value: 994.30.
Example 2
Synthesis of Compound C-2
Figure BDA0002718707310000061
The specific synthetic procedure and operation of compound C-2 were the same as those of compound C-1 except that compound 2-1 was used instead of compound 1-4 in example 1.
Compound C-2: elemental analysis: theoretical value (C58H59N3O8S 4): c, 66.07; h, 5.64; n, 3.99; s, 12.16; measured value: c, 66.05; h, 5.61; n, 4.03; s,12.17, HRMS (ESI) M/z (M +1)+: theoretical value: 1054.31, respectively; measured value: 1054.27.
example 3
Synthesis of Compound C-3
Figure BDA0002718707310000062
The specific synthetic procedure and operation of compound C-3 are the same as those of compound C-1 except that compound 3-1 is substituted for compound 1-2 and compound 3-3 is substituted for compound 1-4 in example 1.
Compound C-3: elemental analysis: theoretical value (C64H71N3O6S 4): c, 69.47; h, 6.47; n, 3.80; s,11.59 found: c, 69.43; h, 6.51; n, 3.83; s,11.55, HRMS (ESI) m/z (M)+: theoretical value: 1105.42, respectively; measured value: 1105.43.
example 4
Synthesis of Compound C-4
Figure BDA0002718707310000071
The specific synthetic procedure and operation of compound C-4 are the same as those of compound C-3 except that compound 4-1 is substituted for compound 3-3 in example 3.
Compound C-4: elemental analysis: theoretical value (C74H91N3O6S 4): c, 71.29; h, 7.36; n, 3.37; s, 10.29; measured value: c, 71.27; h, 7.33; n, 3.39; s,10.31, HRMS (ESI) m/z (M)+: theoretical value: 1245.57, respectively; measured value: 1245.58.
examples 5 to 8
Synthesis of synthetic Compounds C-5 to C-8
Figure BDA0002718707310000072
The specific synthetic steps and operations of the compounds C-5, C-6, C-7 and C-8 are the same as those of the compounds C-1, C-2, C-3 and C-4, except that the compound 5-1 is used instead of the compound 1-8.
Example 9
Synthesis of Compound C-9
Figure BDA0002718707310000081
Synthesis of Compound C-9:
weighing 1g of Compound 1-7, Compound 9-1(2.5equiv), K2CO3(3equiv),Pd2(PPh3)4(0.1equiv), 10mL of water and 70mL of THF were placed in a 200mL flask, nitrogen was replaced three times with a diaphragm pump, and after heating and refluxing for 20 hours, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, washed with water and extracted with methylene chloride, and purified with a silica gel column to obtain Compound C-9 in a yield of 78%.
Elemental analysis: theoretical value (C68H63N3O6S 4): c, 71.24; h, 5.54; n, 3.67; s, 11.19; measured value: c, 71.21; h, 5.52; n, 3.71; s,11.16, HRMS (ESI) m/z: theoretical value: 1145.36, respectively; measured value: 1146.37 (M +1)+。
Examples 10 to 12
Synthesis of synthetic Compounds C-10 to C-12
Figure BDA0002718707310000091
The specific synthetic procedures and operations of the compounds C-10, C-11 and C-12 are the same as those of the compound C-9 except that the compounds 2-4, 3-5 and 4-4 are respectively substituted for the compounds 1-7.
Examples 13 to 16
Synthesis of synthetic Compounds C-13 to C-16
Figure BDA0002718707310000101
The specific synthetic procedures and operations of the compounds C-13, C-14, C-15 and C-16 are the same as those of the compounds C-9, C-10, C-11 and C-12, except that the compound 13-1 is used instead of the compound 9-1.
A hole transport layer in the perovskite solar cell is prepared on the basis of the compound, and is applied to the titanium ore solar cell, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and (3) testing a device:
the perovskite solar cell adopts an n-i-p structure, and the specific structure is as follows:
ITO/Electron transport layer (SnO)2PCBM)/perovskite layer (MA)0.7FA0.3PbI2.85Br0.15) Hole transport layer (spiro-OMeTAD or a compound of the invention)/anode (Au)
Figure BDA0002718707310000102
Device example 1 (comparative example 1)
Substrate cleaning:
the ITO-coated transparent motor substrate is subjected to ultrasonic treatment in a commercial cleaning agent, washed in deionized water, and subjected to ultrasonic treatment in acetone: ultrasonic degreasing is carried out in an ethanol mixed solvent (volume ratio is 1: 1), baking is carried out in a clean environment until water is completely removed, and then ultraviolet light and ozone are used for cleaning.
Preparing a device:
spin coating 15nm SnO on ITO2(annealing at 180 ℃ for 1 hour) transferring the substrate into a glove box, and spin-coating 10nm PCBM (annealing at 100 ℃ for 10 minutes) as an electron transport layer; spin-coating 600nm perovskite layer (prepared by mixing MAI (0.7 mmol), FAI (0.3mmol), PbI2(0.925mmol),PbBr2(0.075mmol),DMSO(71μL)，Pb(SCN)2(9.22mg) was dissolved in DMF (1mL) to make a spin-on solution), annealed at 100 ℃ for 5 minutes; the 40nm hole transport layer spiro-OMeTAD evaporated with 80nm gold as anode.
Device example 2 (comparative example 2)
This embodiment differs from device embodiment 1 in that: doping the hole transport layer spiro-OMeTAD of the perovskite solar cell device (doping with 4-tert-butylpyridine, lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide).
Device example 3
This embodiment differs from device embodiment 1 in that: the hole transport material of the perovskite solar cell device is replaced by the compound C-1 (without doping) of the invention.
Device example 4
This embodiment differs from device embodiment 1 in that: the hole transport material of the perovskite solar cell device is replaced by the compound C-2 (without doping) of the invention.
Device example 5
This embodiment differs from device embodiment 1 in that: the hole transport material of the perovskite solar cell device is replaced by the compound C-3 (without doping) of the invention.
Device example 6
This embodiment differs from device embodiment 1 in that: the hole transport material of the perovskite solar cell device is replaced by the compound C-5 (without doping) of the invention.
Device example 7
This embodiment differs from device embodiment 1 in that: the hole transport material of the perovskite solar cell device is replaced by the compound C-9 (without doping) of the invention.
Device example 8
This embodiment differs from device embodiment 1 in that: the hole transport material of the perovskite solar cell device is replaced by the compound C-10 (without doping) of the invention.
Device example 9
This embodiment differs from device embodiment 1 in that: the hole transport material of the perovskite solar cell device is replaced by the compound C-11 (without doping) of the invention.
Device example 10
This embodiment differs from device embodiment 1 in that: the hole transport material of the perovskite solar cell device is replaced by the compound C-15 (without doping) of the invention.
Device example 11
This embodiment differs from device embodiment 1 in that: the hole transport material of the perovskite solar cell device is replaced by the compound C-17 (without doping) of the invention.
Device example 12
This embodiment differs from device embodiment 1 in that: the hole transport material of the perovskite solar cell device is replaced by the compound C-18 (without doping) of the invention.
Test example 1
Testing the photovoltaic performance of the device: the effective area of the device is 0.4cm2. And (3) testing conditions are as follows: spectral distribution AM1.5G, illumination intensity 100mW/cm2AAA solar simulator (tokoro, tokyo), J-V curve was measured with Keithly model 2400 digital source meter, all devices were simply packaged with uv glue and tested for normal measurement in atmospheric environment.
The results are shown in Table 1.
Figure BDA0002718707310000121
Figure BDA0002718707310000131
Table 1 device example corresponding performance table
From the performances of the device examples, it can be seen that compared with the comparative examples, the hole transport material designed by the invention has better photoelectric conversion efficiency and better stability compared with the undoped spiro-OMeTAD without doping, the efficiency is comparable to or even exceeds that of the doped spiro-OMeTAD, and the stability is more than one order of magnitude, which indicates that the material disclosed by the invention has obvious performance advantages compared with the current hole transport material.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
In conclusion, the organic compound based on the bithiophene imide structure and the arylamine unit is synthesized, and in the molecules, the bithiophene imide structure unit has good conjugation property and planarity, so that the prepared material can form effective pi-pi accumulation in a thin film, and further has good charge mobility. And by a molecular design strategy of D-A-D, an arylamine structure is modified at the end group of the bithiophene imide structural unit, the HOMO energy level of the material is further regulated and controlled, the hole characteristic of the material is improved, and the good hole transmission characteristic of the material is finally realized. The material has good thermal stability, simple synthesis, easily obtained raw materials and solution processing. The hole transport material is applied to perovskite solar cells, and has good hole transport characteristics, excellent stability and excellent material performance. The imide structure can further passivate a perovskite layer, so that the stability of the battery can be effectively improved while high photoelectric conversion efficiency is realized. The hole transport material based on the invention can obtain high photoelectric conversion efficiency without doping, has obvious advantage in stability compared with the current commonly used hole transport material Spiro-OMeTAD, has the potential of replacing the current hole transport material, and has good industrialization prospect.

Claims (9)

1.一种酰亚胺化合物，其特征在于，该化合物具有如式(I)所示的结构式：1. an imide compound is characterized in that, this compound has the structural formula shown in formula (I):
Figure FDA0002718707300000011
Figure FDA0002718707300000011
 R1选自C1-C30取代或未取代的烷基，C2-C30取代或未取代的烯基，C2-C30取代或未取代的炔基，C3-C30取代或未取代的环烷基，C6-C60取代或未取代的芳基，C3-C30取代或未取代的杂环芳基，C1-C30取代或未取代的烷氧基，C1-C30取代或未取代的硅烷基；R2选自氢，重氢，卤素，氰基，C1-C30取代或未取代的烷基，C2-C30取代或未取代的烯基，C2-C30取代或未取代的炔基，C3-C30取代或未取代的环烷基，C6-C60取代或未取代的芳基，C3-C30取代或未取代的杂环芳基，C1-C30取代或未取代的烷氧基，C1-C30取代或未取代的烷硫基，C1-C30取代或未取代的硅烷基；R1 is selected from C1-C30 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, C2-C30 substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, C2-C30 substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, C3-C30 substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, C6- C60 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, C3-C30 substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic aryl, C1-C30 substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, C1-C30 substituted or unsubstituted silyl; R2 is selected from hydrogen, Deuterium, halogen, cyano, C1-C30 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, C2-C30 substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, C2-C30 substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, C3-C30 substituted or unsubstituted ring Alkyl, C6-C60 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, C3-C30 substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic aryl, C1-C30 substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, C1-C30 substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio , C1-C30 substituted or unsubstituted silyl group; Ar为具有给电子特性的芳胺结构单元，具体表现为取代或未取代的二苯胺、三苯胺、咔唑结构单元。Ar is an aromatic amine structural unit with electron donating properties, which is specifically represented as a substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamine, triphenylamine, and carbazole structural unit. 2.根据权利要求1所述的酰亚胺化合物，其特征在于，所述R1选自C1-C18的直链或支链烷基、或下式所示烷基聚醚：2. The imide compound according to claim 1, wherein the R1 is selected from C1-C18 straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl or alkyl polyether represented by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002718707300000012
Figure FDA0002718707300000012
 其中R3、R4、R5、R6均为C原子数小于10的烷基，n、m小于等于10。Among them, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are all alkyl groups with less than 10 C atoms, and n and m are less than or equal to 10. 3.根据权利要求1所述的酰亚胺化合物，其特征在于，所述R2选自氢、氟原子、C1-C18的直链或支链烷基、甲氧基、甲硫基。3 . The imide compound according to claim 1 , wherein the R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine atom, C1-C18 straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, methoxy, and methylthio. 4 . 4.根据权利要求1所述的酰亚胺化合物，其特征在于，所述Ar结构单元选自如下结构单元的任意一种：4. imide compound according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Ar structural unit is selected from any one of following structural unit:
Figure FDA0002718707300000021
Figure FDA0002718707300000021
 5.根据权利要求1所述的酰亚胺化合物，其特征在于，所述含酰亚胺结构通式包含且不限于如下化合物：5. The imide compound according to claim 1, wherein the imide-containing structural formula includes and is not limited to the following compounds:
Figure FDA0002718707300000022
Figure FDA0002718707300000022
Figure FDA0002718707300000031
Figure FDA0002718707300000031
 6.一种基于权利要求1-5任一项酰亚胺化合物的制备方法，其特征在于，具体合成路径如下：6. a preparation method based on any one of claim 1-5 imide compound, is characterized in that, concrete synthesis route is as follows:
Figure FDA0002718707300000032
Figure FDA0002718707300000032
 7.一种基于权利要求1-5任一项所述的酰亚胺化合物作为空穴传输材料的应用。7. An application based on the imide compound of any one of claims 1-5 as a hole transport material. 8.一种钙钛矿太阳能电池器件，其特征在于，所述钙钛矿太阳能电池器件至少有一个功能层中含有权利要求1-5任一项所述的酰亚胺化合物。8. A perovskite solar cell device, wherein at least one functional layer of the perovskite solar cell device contains the imide compound according to any one of claims 1-5. 9.根据权利要求8所述的钙钛矿太阳能电池器件，其特征在于，所述功能层为空穴传输层。9 . The perovskite solar cell device according to claim 8 , wherein the functional layer is a hole transport layer. 10 .
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CN113801115A (en) * 2021-09-08 2021-12-17 徐州工程学院 A kind of fused ring imide hole transport material and its preparation method and perovskite solar cell application
CN114349766A (en) * 2021-12-20 2022-04-15 淮阴工学院 D-A-D type organic semiconductor material and preparation method and application thereof

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CN111533757A (en) * 2020-04-30 2020-08-14 华南理工大学 Non-doped hole transport materials based on dithienobenzimidazole and their preparation methods and applications in perovskite solar cells

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CN114349766A (en) * 2021-12-20 2022-04-15 淮阴工学院 D-A-D type organic semiconductor material and preparation method and application thereof

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