CN112960864A - Ultrafiltration membrane component, ultrafiltration system and method for removing soluble pollutants by ultrafiltration membrane component - Google Patents
Ultrafiltration membrane component, ultrafiltration system and method for removing soluble pollutants by ultrafiltration membrane component Download PDFInfo
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- CN112960864A CN112960864A CN202110219501.9A CN202110219501A CN112960864A CN 112960864 A CN112960864 A CN 112960864A CN 202110219501 A CN202110219501 A CN 202110219501A CN 112960864 A CN112960864 A CN 112960864A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/285—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using synthetic organic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- C02F2101/206—Manganese or manganese compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrafiltration membrane component, which comprises an ultrafiltration membrane and a multifunctional filter cake, wherein the multifunctional filter cake is loaded on the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane and comprises a biological membrane; the biological membrane is generated by a functional microbial inoculum which comprises nitrobacteria and/or manganese oxidizing bacteria; the multifunctional filter cake also comprises an adsorption structure arranged on the ultrafiltration membrane, and the functional microbial inoculum is positioned in a gap of the adsorption structure; the adsorption structure is made of one or more materials of powdered activated carbon, powdered ion exchange resin, manganese dioxide and metal oxide. The invention also provides an ultrafiltration membrane system and a method. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the multifunctional filter cake layer containing the functional microorganisms and the adsorbent is formed on the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane, the pollutants in water are removed by using the functional microorganisms and the adsorbent, the design is reasonable, the process structure is simple, the maintenance is easy, and the multifunctional filter cake layer is suitable for small-scale drinking water treatment devices.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a water treatment technology, in particular to an ultrafiltration membrane component, an ultrafiltration system and a method for removing soluble pollutants by the ultrafiltration membrane component.
Background
The ultrafiltration process can effectively remove turbidity and pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water, and is now beginning to be applied to drinking water treatment on a large scale. The aperture of the ultrafiltration membrane is about 10nm, pathogenic microorganisms can be efficiently removed through the aperture screening effect, and the biological safety of drinking water is ensured. However, since the pore size of soluble pollutants (e.g., ammonia nitrogen, trace organic pollutants, divalent manganese, heavy metals, etc.) is smaller than that of the ultrafiltration membrane, the soluble pollutants cannot be directly intercepted and removed by the ultrafiltration membrane. To enhance the removal of soluble contaminants, current solutions add other processes (e.g., coagulation, adsorption, oxidation, etc.) to the front end of the ultrafiltration process. For small scale drinking water treatment systems, these pretreatments add significant operating costs, and the process flow is long and complex to operate.
In addition, in the ultrafiltration process, macromolecular organic matters in the inlet water are continuously deposited on the surface of the membrane in the filtration process, so that the filtration resistance is increased. To solve this problem, the current ultrafiltration process generally requires physical cleaning once for several hours of filtration and chemical cleaning once for several weeks of filtration (fig. 1), and these cleaning operations inevitably increase the complexity of the process and the difficulty of operation management.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultrafiltration membrane component, an ultrafiltration system and an ultrafiltration method, which can remove soluble organic matters and can be cleaned for a long time without aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an ultrafiltration membrane module comprising an ultrafiltration membrane and a multifunctional filter cake supported on a surface of the ultrafiltration membrane, the multifunctional filter cake comprising a biofilm.
According to the scheme, the biological membrane is generated by a functional microbial inoculum, and the functional microbial inoculum comprises nitrobacteria and/or manganese oxidizing bacteria.
According to the scheme, the multifunctional filter cake further comprises an adsorption structure arranged on the ultrafiltration membrane, and the functional microbial inoculum is positioned in a gap of the adsorption structure.
According to the scheme, the adsorption structure is made of one or more materials of powdered activated carbon, powdered ion exchange resin, manganese dioxide and metal oxide.
According to the scheme, the ultrafiltration membrane component is integrally flat or hollow fiber.
The invention also provides an ultrafiltration system, which comprises an ultrafiltration membrane pool and a water outlet tank, wherein the upper part of the ultrafiltration membrane pool is provided with a water inlet pipe, and the bottom of the ultrafiltration membrane pool is provided with a water drain pipe; the ultrafiltration membrane component is arranged in the ultrafiltration membrane pool, the upper part of the ultrafiltration membrane component is communicated with a purified water outlet pipe, and the purified water outlet pipe is communicated with a water outlet tank.
The invention also provides a method for removing soluble pollutants by using the ultrafiltration system, which comprises the following steps: providing the ultrafiltration system, and adding nitrobacteria and/or manganese oxidizing bacteria into the ultrafiltration membrane tank to enable the multifunctional filter cake of the ultrafiltration membrane component to generate a biological membrane; nitrifying bacteria in the biological membrane convert ammonia nitrogen in the inlet water into nitrate nitrogen, and manganese oxidizing bacteria in the biological membrane convert manganese ions in the inlet water into manganese dioxide; degrading degradable organic matters in the inlet water by heterotrophic microorganisms in the biomembrane; the adsorption structure of the multifunctional filter cake removes refractory organics and heavy metal ions in the inlet water.
According to the scheme, the flux of the filter membrane adopted by the ultrafiltration membrane component is 1-10L/m2H; the inlet water turbidity is less than 2 NTU; the influent water should be free of materials that would otherwise harm microbial activity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adds a multifunctional filter cake on the surface of the prior ultrafiltration membrane, utilizes nitrifying bacteria and manganese oxidizing bacteria added in a pool to generate a biological membrane on the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane, utilizes the nitrifying bacteria in the biological membrane to remove ammonia nitrogen in raw water, and utilizes the manganese oxidizing bacteria in the biological membrane to remove manganese in the raw water, thereby achieving the purpose of removing soluble pollutants in the raw water; the flux of the selective filter membrane is 1-10L/m2In this flux range,1) the multifunctional filter cake can be ensured not to be compressed; 2) the multifunctional filter cake can be looser by the movement of microorganisms; 3) the microorganisms in the multifunctional filter cake can degrade the dirt blocking substances (mainly macromolecular organic matters) deposited in the multifunctional filter cake, and under the condition of low flux, the removal and deposition of the dirt blocking substances can be balanced, namely, the quantity of the dirt blocking substances in the filter cake is not continuously increased. Therefore, the multifunctional filter cake layer can maintain low hydraulic resistance; the invention has reasonable design, simple process structure and easy maintenance, and is suitable for small-scale drinking water treatment devices.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the change in transmembrane pressure during filtration and washing in a conventional ultrafiltration process.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a portion of an ultrafiltration membrane module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the ultrafiltration system of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the membrane fouling rate and the membrane flux.
FIG. 5 is a schematic of the loose morphology of the multifunctional filter cake at low flux.
FIG. 6 is a schematic of the dense morphology of the multifunctional filter cake under high throughput conditions.
Wherein: 1. an ultrafiltration membrane tank; 1.1, ultrafiltration membrane; 1.2, an adsorption structure; 1.3, functional microbial inoculum; 2. a water inlet pipe; 3. a purified water outlet pipe; 4. a water outlet tank; 5. a drain pipe; 6. an ultrafiltration membrane module; 7. a suction pump.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific examples.
In the invention, the soluble pollutants mainly comprise ammonia nitrogen, assimilable organic carbon, easily biodegradable trace organic matters, divalent manganese ions and the like, and can be removed by microorganisms; heavy metal ions and some nondegradable trace organic matters are also included, and the soluble pollutants can be removed by adsorption of the adsorbent.
An ultrafiltration membrane module as shown in fig. 1, comprising an ultrafiltration membrane 1.1 and a multifunctional filter cake, wherein the multifunctional filter cake is loaded on the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane 1.1 and comprises a biological membrane; the biological membrane is generated by a functional microbial inoculum 1.3, and the functional microbial inoculum 1.3 comprises nitrifying bacteria and/or manganese oxidizing bacteria; the multifunctional filter cake further comprises an adsorption structure 1.2 arranged on the ultrafiltration membrane 1.1, and the functional microbial inoculum 1.3 is positioned in a gap of the adsorption structure 1.2. The adsorption structure 1.2 is made of one or more materials of powdered activated carbon, powdered ion exchange resin, manganese dioxide and metal oxide.
According to the scheme, the ultrafiltration membrane component 6 is integrally of a flat plate type or a hollow fiber type.
An ultrafiltration system as shown in fig. 2 comprises an ultrafiltration membrane tank 1 and a water outlet tank 4, wherein a water inlet pipe 2 is arranged at the upper part of the ultrafiltration membrane tank 1, and a water outlet pipe 5 is arranged at the bottom of the ultrafiltration membrane tank 1; the ultrafiltration membrane pool 1 is internally provided with the ultrafiltration membrane component 6, the upper part of the ultrafiltration membrane component 6 is connected with a purified water outlet pipe 3, and the purified water outlet pipe 3 is communicated with a water outlet tank 4. In the present invention, other configurations of the ultrafiltration membrane tank 1 are the prior art, and are not described herein.
In the invention, the multifunctional filter cake in the ultrafiltration membrane component 6 can be naturally formed by filtering the inlet water for 1-2 weeks; or adding a powder adsorption material (powdered activated carbon, ion exchange resin, manganese dioxide, metal oxide and the like) into the inlet water or the ultrafiltration tank to form an adsorption structure 1.2, adding a functional microbial inoculum 1.3 (nitrobacteria, manganese oxidizing bacteria and the like) to generate a biological membrane, and performing circulating filtration to form the biological membrane; a certain amount of microorganisms needs to be maintained in the multifunctional filter cake. The flux of the filter membrane adopted by the ultrafiltration membrane component 6 is not more than 10L/m2H is used as the reference value. In the invention, when the inlet water turbidity and the organic matter concentration are higher, the flux is properly adjusted to be low; the suction pump 7 can be omitted, the gravity water head is directly used for water outlet, if the conditions are not allowed, the suction pump 7 needs to be designed, and the purified water outlet pipe 3 is communicated with the water outlet tank 4 through the suction pump 7.
In the present invention, the pressure driving system of the ultrafiltration membrane module 6 may be an internal pressure type, an external pressure type or an immersion type (in this embodiment, an immersion type is adopted).
Preferably, the ultrafiltration membrane 1.1 adopted by the ultrafiltration membrane component 6 is an organic membrane or an inorganic membrane, and a microfiltration membrane can also be used for replacing the ultrafiltration membrane; the whole membrane component can be a flat plate type or a hollow fiber type.
A method of removing dissolved contaminants in an ultrafiltration system, the method comprising: providing the ultrafiltration system, and adding nitrobacteria and manganese oxidizing bacteria into the ultrafiltration membrane pool 1 to enable the multifunctional filter cake of the ultrafiltration membrane component 6 to generate a biological membrane; nitrifying bacteria in the biological membrane convert ammonia nitrogen in the inlet water into nitrate nitrogen, and manganese oxidizing bacteria in the biological membrane convert manganese ions in the inlet water into manganese dioxide; degrading degradable organic matters in the inlet water by heterotrophic microorganisms in the biomembrane; the adsorption structure of the multifunctional filter cake removes refractory organics and heavy metal ions in the inlet water.
The biological membrane can be formed naturally in the filtering process, can be promoted to be formed by adding a microbial inoculum, and particularly can be added with nitrobacteria to promote the removal effect of ammonia nitrogen; manganese oxidizing bacteria are added to promote the removal of manganese.
Preferably, the inlet water turbidity is less than 2NTU, and no substance inhibiting microbial activity, such as disinfectant, should be contained in the inlet water; the flux of the filter membrane adopted by the ultrafiltration membrane component 6 in the ultrafiltration system is 1-10L/m2H is used as the reference value. By changing the flux of the filter membrane, the contact time of the inlet water and the functional filter cake layer can be regulated and controlled, so that the removal effect of the soluble pollutants can be regulated and controlled. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing that when lake water is taken as influent water, the membrane fouling rate increases significantly as the flux of the filter membrane increases (the specific numerical value of the relationship may not be consistent but the trend does not change as the influent water, the membrane material and the membrane device are different), so that when the turbidity of the influent water and the concentration of organic matters are higher, the flux is adjusted to be lower appropriately. As shown in fig. 6, under the condition of high flux, the structure of the multifunctional filter cake is dense (white dotted line is used for marking the surface position of the ultrafiltration membrane 1.1, and the upper part of the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane 1.1 is a multifunctional filter cake layer); as shown in FIG. 5, under the condition of low flux, the multifunctional filter cake is loose, under the condition of ultralow flux, the multifunctional filter cake is not compressed, microorganisms in the multifunctional filter cake can degrade fouling and blocking substances deposited in the multifunctional filter cake, and in addition, the operation of the microorganisms can also make the multifunctional filter cake loose, maintain the deposition and removal of the fouling and blocking substancesSelf-cleaning is achieved so that the biofilm can maintain a low hydraulic resistance, thus eliminating the need for physical and chemical cleaning.
Example 1
The ultrafiltration system is adopted to treat the effluent of the sedimentation tank of the water plant, the ultrafiltration membrane component 6 in the ultrafiltration system adopts a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane, a suction pump is adopted to drive the effluent, and the filtration flux is 10L/(m)2H). During filtering, the inflow water maintains 1-2mg/L ammonia nitrogen, the membrane is not chemically cleaned, conditions are created for growth of nitrobacteria in the multifunctional filter cake layer, the inflow ammonia nitrogen is 1mg/L after about 10 days of operation, and the outflow ammonia nitrogen is reduced to 0.5 mg/L. The ammonia nitrogen is obtained by the conversion of nitrogen and the consumption of dissolved oxygen, and the ammonia nitrogen is removed by the multifunctional filter cake layer on the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane through nitrification. When the filtration flux is reduced to 5L/(m)2H), further reducing the ammonia nitrogen in the effluent to 0.3 mg/L. This shows that by reducing the filtration flux and increasing the contact time between the influent water and the multifunctional filter cake layer, the removal effect of the pollutants can be improved.
Example 2
The pre-precipitated river water is treated by adopting the ultrafiltration system, wherein the membrane component 6 adopts a flat ultrafiltration membrane and is driven to filter by water head difference. The membrane surface is loaded with 50g/m2Or 50g/m of powdered activated carbon2The powdered ion exchange resin of (1). In 5 months of operation, the multifunctional filter cake layer improves the removal of organic matters by 10-40%, improves the removal effect of bisphenol A, atrazine and microcystin by 10-80%, improves the removal effect of assimilable organic carbon by about 30%, and can completely remove ammonia nitrogen of 1mg/L of inlet water. In the filtration, a flux of 3L/(m) was used2H), after 5 months of operation, the filtering resistance of the multifunctional filter cake layer is kept stable without any artificial cleaning measures.
Example 3
The ultrafiltration system is adopted to treat the lake water, wherein the ultrafiltration membrane component adopts an immersion type and is of a hollow fiber structure as a whole. Examination of different flux conditions (10-30L/(m)2H)), transmembrane pressure increase and ammonia nitrogen removal effect. As a result, it was found thatUnder the flux condition, the ammonia nitrogen and the assimilable organic carbon can be effectively removed. When the ammonia nitrogen of the inlet water is 1mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen of the outlet water can be reduced to be below 0.2 mg/L. The removal rate of assimilable organic carbon can reach about 50%. At a flux of 10L/m2At h, there was no significant increase in membrane filtration resistance; but with fluxes of 20 and 30L/m2At h, the rate of increase of the membrane filtration resistance was 1.3kPa/d and 6 kPa/d. This indicates that to reduce the filtration resistance of the biofilm, the membrane needs to be run at a low flux.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications can be made to the technical solutions described in the above-mentioned embodiments, or equivalent substitutions of some technical features, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An ultrafiltration membrane module comprising an ultrafiltration membrane and a multifunctional filter cake, wherein the multifunctional filter cake is supported on the surface of the ultrafiltration membrane and comprises a biofilm.
2. The ultrafiltration membrane module of claim 1, wherein the biofilm is produced by functional bacterial agents including nitrifying bacteria and/or manganese oxidising bacteria.
3. The ultrafiltration membrane assembly of claim 2, wherein the multifunctional filter cake further comprises an adsorption structure disposed on the ultrafiltration membrane, and the functional microbial agent is disposed in voids of the adsorption structure.
4. The ultrafiltration membrane module of claim 3, wherein said adsorbent structure is made of one or more of powdered activated carbon, powdered ion exchange resin, manganese dioxide, and metal oxide.
5. The ultrafiltration membrane module of claim 1, wherein said ultrafiltration membrane module is generally flat or hollow fiber.
6. An ultrafiltration system is characterized by comprising an ultrafiltration membrane pool and a water outlet tank, wherein a water inlet pipe is arranged at the upper part of the ultrafiltration membrane pool, a water outlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the ultrafiltration membrane pool, an ultrafiltration membrane component as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 is installed in the ultrafiltration membrane pool, the upper part of the ultrafiltration membrane component is communicated with a purified water outlet pipe, and the purified water outlet pipe is communicated with the water outlet tank.
7. A method for removing dissolved contaminants using the ultrafiltration system of claim 6, the method comprising: providing the ultrafiltration system, and adding nitrobacteria and/or manganese oxidizing bacteria into the ultrafiltration membrane tank to enable the multifunctional filter cake of the ultrafiltration membrane component to generate a biological membrane; nitrifying bacteria in the biological membrane convert ammonia nitrogen in the inlet water into nitrate nitrogen, and manganese oxidizing bacteria in the biological membrane convert manganese ions in the inlet water into manganese dioxide; degrading degradable organic matters in the inlet water by heterotrophic microorganisms in the biomembrane; the adsorption structure of the multifunctional filter cake removes refractory organics and heavy metal ions in the inlet water.
8. The method of removing soluble contaminants of claim 7, wherein the ultrafiltration membrane module employs a membrane flux of 1-10L/m2H; the inlet water turbidity is less than 2 NTU; substances which do not harm the activity of microorganisms in the influent water.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114835299A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Manganese removal method based on manganese dioxide powder reinforced low-pressure ultrafiltration system |
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Application publication date: 20210615 |