CN112958827A

CN112958827A - Road circumference well lid cutting machine

Info

Publication number: CN112958827A
Application number: CN202110134739.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘岩; 康丽; 王斌武; 韩兴国
Original assignee: Guilin University of Aerospace Technology
Current assignee: Guilin University of Aerospace Technology
Priority date: 2021-02-01
Filing date: 2021-02-01
Publication date: 2021-06-15
Anticipated expiration: 2041-02-01
Also published as: CN112958827B

Abstract

The invention discloses a road circumferential well lid cutting machine which comprises a machine base, a moving device, a cutting device and a moving driving assembly, wherein the machine base is provided with an installation cavity with an opening at the lower end, and the opening is used for corresponding to a well mouth to be cut; the moving device comprises a movable seat which can be movably arranged on the base along the vertical direction and the front-back direction, and the movable seat is provided with a containing position located in the mounting cavity and a cutting position extending out of the mounting cavity from the opening; the cutting device comprises a cutting blade structure which is rotatably arranged below the movable seat along an axis extending vertically and is used for cutting a wellhead to be cut into a wellhead hole; the movable driving assembly is arranged on the base and is in driving connection with the movable seat to drive the movable seat to move upwards and backwards to the accommodating position or downwards and forwards to the cutting position. The automatic cutting precision is good, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.

Description

Road circumference well lid cutting machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of road construction, in particular to a road circumference well cover cutting machine.

Background

With the development of the modern machining industry, the requirements on the cutting quality and precision are continuously improved, and the requirements on improving the production efficiency, reducing the production cost and having a high-intelligent automatic cutting function are also improved. When road transformation, street renovation, need be to the well lid that has installed on the road be under construction again, often involve the dismantlement of road well lid and the expansion of well lid hole, or the well lid hole of road carries out the reaming. However, when the existing circumferential well lid cutting machine is used, the simple support is used for supporting, then the well lid cutting is carried out through manual operation, on one hand, the cutting depth is difficult to accurately grasp, and on the other hand, the working strength of an operator is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a road circumferential well lid cutting machine, and aims to solve the problems of high labor intensity and low working efficiency in the existing assembly process.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a road circumferential well cover cutting machine, comprising:

the base is provided with an installation cavity with an opening at the lower end, and the opening is used for corresponding to a well mouth to be cut;

the moving device comprises a movable seat which can be movably arranged on the base along the vertical direction and the front-back direction, and the movable seat is provided with a containing position located in the installation cavity and a cutting position extending out of the installation cavity from the opening;

the cutting device comprises a cutting blade structure which is rotatably arranged below the movable seat along an axis extending vertically and is used for cutting a wellhead to be cut into a wellhead hole; and the number of the first and second groups,

and the movable driving assembly is arranged on the base and is in driving connection with the movable seat to drive the movable seat to move upwards and backwards to the accommodating position or downwards and forwards to the cutting position.

Optionally, the movement drive assembly comprises:

the mounting bracket is fixedly mounted in the mounting cavity;

the front end of the rotating shaft is rotatably installed at the upper end of the installation support along an axis extending in the front-back direction, a spiral protrusion which is spirally surrounded is arranged on the outer side face of the rear end of the rotating shaft, and the distance between the outer side end of the spiral protrusion and the rotating shaft is gradually increased from back to front; and the number of the first and second groups,

the connecting rod, the upper end of connecting rod is equipped with the pulley, the lateral surface of pulley is equipped with annular spout, annular spout slidable mounting extremely the bellied outside end of spiral, the lower extreme of connecting rod with sliding seat fixed connection.

Optionally, the upper end of the mounting bracket is provided with a first mounting hole extending in the front-back direction, and the front end of the rotating shaft is movably inserted into the first mounting hole;

the movable driving assembly further comprises a movable driving motor which is fixedly installed on the base and located in the installation cavity, and a driving shaft of the movable driving motor extends forwards and backwards and extends into the first installation hole to be connected with the front end of the rotating shaft.

Optionally, the lower end of the mounting bracket is provided with a second mounting hole extending in the front-back direction;

the mobile drive assembly further includes a guide structure, the guide structure including:

the movable rod extends in the front-back direction, and the front end of the movable rod movably penetrates through the second mounting hole; and the number of the first and second groups,

the guide sleeve extends along the vertical direction, the outer side wall of the middle part of the guide sleeve is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the movable rod, and the inner cavity of the guide sleeve is used for the movable penetration of the connecting rod.

Optionally, the cutting blade structure comprises:

the lower end of the base is provided with a mounting groove;

the cutting driving motor is fixedly arranged at the side end of the base, and a driving shaft of the cutting driving motor extends into the mounting groove; and the number of the first and second groups,

the cutting disk, the upper end of cutting disk stretch into to in the mounting groove, just the center department of cutting disk with cutting driving motor's drive shaft fixed connection, the lower extreme of cutting disk is used for cutting under cutting driving motor's the drive.

Optionally, the mobile driving assembly further comprises a rotating disc, the upper middle part of the rotating disc is rotatably mounted to the lower end of the movable seat along an up-down axis, and the cutting blade structure is mounted on the periphery of the lower end of the rotating disc.

Optionally, a sliding rail extending along the radial direction of the rotating disc is arranged on the lower end surface of the rotating disc, and the cutting blade structure is slidably mounted on the sliding rail;

the lower end face of the rotating disc is provided with a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder extending along the radial direction of the rotating disc, a cylinder barrel of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed in the middle of the lower end of the rotating disc, a hydraulic rod of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with the cutting blade structure, and the hydraulic rod of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder stretches out and draws back to enable the position of the cutting blade structure along the slide rail of the rotating disc to be adjustable.

Optionally, the slide rail, cut piece structure with multistage pneumatic cylinder one-to-one is cut piece group, cut piece group is equipped with a plurality ofly, and follows the circumference interval of rolling disc sets up, wherein, a plurality ofly the motion trail of cutting piece structure all is located same circumference, and is a plurality of multistage pneumatic cylinder synchronous drive.

Optionally, the road circumferential well lid cutting machine further comprises a plurality of rollers located below the base, and at least one of the rollers is a driving roller;

road circumference well lid cutting machine still includes brake equipment, brake equipment includes:

the locking wheel and the driving roller rotate coaxially, and a plurality of locking bulges are arranged on the outer side surface of the locking wheel at intervals along the circumferential direction;

the brake block is movably arranged on the base along the vertical direction, the brake block is positioned above the locking wheel, and the lower end surface of the brake block is provided with a clamping groove corresponding to the locking bulge;

the brake pad is provided with a locking position and an unlocking position, wherein the locking position moves downwards to the locking position, the locking groove is buckled with one of the locking bulges, and the unlocking position moves upwards to the unlocking position, the locking groove is separated from the locking bulges.

Optionally, the brake device further comprises a driving cylinder, the driving cylinder comprises a cylinder rod extending in the vertical direction, a cylinder barrel of the driving cylinder is fixedly mounted at the lower end of the base, and the cylinder rod is fixedly connected with the brake pad.

In the technical scheme of the invention, the base is moved to the position where the opening of the installation cavity corresponds to the wellhead to be cut, the movable seat is driven by the movement driving assembly to move downwards and forwards relative to the base to the cutting position, at the moment, the cutting blade structure is contacted with the edge of the wellhead to be cut, and the movable seat rotates to drive the cutting blade structure to do circular motion, so that the wellhead is cut into a circular wellhead cover hole with the size of the motion circle of the cutting blade structure. When idle, the sliding seat is located the installation cavity, and cutting piece structure keeps certain distance with ground this moment, the transfer of the equipment of being convenient for, and automatic cutting precision is good, reduces artifical intensity of labour, improves work efficiency.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a road circumferential manhole cover cutting machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the mobile drive assembly of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the cutting blade arrangement of FIG. 1 in cooperation with a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder;

fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion a of fig. 1.

The reference numbers illustrate:

reference numerals	Name (R)	Reference numerals	Name (R)
				100	Road circumference well lid cutting machine	451	Movable rod
1	Engine base	452	Guide sleeve
				11	Mounting cavity	46	Rotary disc
21	Movable seat	461	Sliding rail
				31	Cutting blade structure	47	Multi-stage hydraulic cylinder
311	Base seat	5	Brake device
				312	Cutting wafer	51	Locking wheel
4	Mobile driving assembly	511	Locking projection
				41	Mounting bracket	52	Brake pad
42	Rotating shaft	521	Buckle slot
				421	Spiral bulge	53	Driving cylinder
43	Connecting rod	6	Roller wheel
				431	Pulley wheel	61	Active roller
44	Mobile driving motor

The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that, if directional indication is involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indication is only used for explaining the relative positional relationship, the motion situation, and the like between the components in a certain posture, and if the certain posture is changed, the directional indication is changed accordingly.

In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.

In view of this, the invention provides a road circumference well lid cutting machine, which can automatically cut, reduce the manual strength and improve the working efficiency. Fig. 1 to 4 show an embodiment of a road circumferential manhole cover cutting machine provided by the invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the road circumferential well lid cutting machine 100 includes a machine base 1, a moving device, a cutting device and a moving driving assembly 4, wherein the machine base 1 is formed with a mounting cavity 11 with an opening at the lower end, and the opening is used for corresponding to a well mouth to be cut; the moving device comprises a movable seat 21 which can be movably mounted to the machine base 1 along the vertical direction and the front-back direction, wherein the movable seat 21 is provided with a containing position located in the mounting cavity 11 and a cutting position extending out of the mounting cavity 11 from the opening; the cutting device comprises a cutting blade structure 31 which is rotatably arranged below the movable seat 21 along an axis extending vertically and is used for cutting a wellhead to be cut into a wellhead hole; the movable driving assembly 4 is arranged on the machine base 1, is in driving connection with the movable seat 21 and is used for driving the movable seat 21 to move upwards and backwards to the accommodating position or move downwards and forwards to the cutting position.

In the technical scheme of the invention, the base 1 is moved to the position where the opening of the installation cavity 11 corresponds to a wellhead to be cut, the movable seat 21 is driven by the movement driving component 4 to move downwards and forwards relative to the base 1 to the cutting position, at this time, the cutting blade structure 31 is in contact with the edge of the wellhead to be cut, and the movable seat 21 rotates to drive the cutting blade structure 31 to make a circular motion, so that the wellhead is cut into a circular wellhead hole with the size of the motion circumference of the cutting blade structure 31. When idle, sliding seat 21 is located installation cavity 11, this moment cutting piece structure 31 keeps certain distance with ground, the transfer of the equipment of being convenient for, and automatic cutting precision is good, reduces artifical intensity of labour, improves work efficiency.

For adjusting the vertical and longitudinal directions of the movable seat 21, referring to fig. 2, in this embodiment, the moving driving assembly 4 includes a mounting bracket 41, a rotating shaft 42, and a connecting rod 43: the mounting bracket 41 is fixedly mounted in the mounting cavity 11; the front end of the rotating shaft 42 is rotatably mounted to the upper end of the mounting bracket 41 along an axis extending in the front-back direction, a spiral protrusion 421 spirally wound is arranged on the outer side surface of the rear end of the rotating shaft 42, and the distance between the outer side end of the spiral protrusion 421 and the rotating shaft 42 gradually increases from the rear to the front; a pulley 431 is arranged at the upper end of the connecting rod 43, an annular sliding groove is arranged on the outer side surface of the pulley 431, the annular sliding groove is slidably mounted to the outer side end of the spiral protrusion 421, and the lower end of the connecting rod 43 is fixedly connected with the movable seat 21; wherein, the rotation shaft 42 rotates to drive the pulley 431 to move from front to back on the spiral protrusion 421, so as to drive the movable seat 21 to move upwards to the accommodating position, or the rotating shaft 42 rotates reversely to drive the pulley 431 to move downward from back to front on the spiral protrusion 421, so as to drive the movable seat 21 to move to the cutting position, specifically, when the spiral protrusions 421 rotate in synchronization with the clockwise rotation of the rotation shaft 42, the pulley 431 moves from the maximum distance between the outer end of the spiral protrusion 421 and the rotation shaft 42 to the minimum distance between the outer end and the rotation shaft 42, and accordingly, the vertical displacement due to the gradual decrease of the distance between the outer end of the spiral protrusion 421 and the rotation shaft 42 and the front-back displacement from front to back are generated, and vice versa. Through the drive rotation axis 42 motion can be realized the change in two azimuths of sliding seat 21 to dodge and accomodate, so set up, will drive and drive from beginning to end unite two into one, required spare part is small in quantity, practices thrift the cost.

In an embodiment, a first mounting hole extending in the front-back direction is formed at the upper end of the mounting bracket 41, and the front end of the rotating shaft 42 is movably inserted into the first mounting hole; the mobile driving assembly 4 further includes a mobile driving motor 44, the mobile driving motor 44 is fixedly installed on the base 1 and located in the installation cavity 11, and a driving shaft of the mobile driving motor 44 extends in the front-back direction and extends into the first installation hole to be connected with the front end of the rotating shaft 42. The motor driving mode has a simple structure, the change of the movement direction of the connecting rod 43 can be realized by controlling the positive rotation and the negative rotation of the motor, and the movement speed of the movable seat 21 can be adjusted by controlling the rotation speed of the motor, so that the motor driving mode is safer and more reliable.

In other embodiments, the rotational drive of the rotational shaft 42 can also be performed by a spindle drive, which is not described in detail here.

In order to control the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 42, a speed reducing mechanism should be disposed between the movement driving motor 44 and the rotating shaft 42 to prevent the equipment from being damaged due to the excessively high rotation speed of the motor.

Further, the lower end of the mounting bracket 41 is provided with a second mounting hole extending in the front-back direction; the moving driving assembly 4 further comprises a guide structure, the guide structure comprises a movable rod 451 and a guide sleeve 452, the movable rod 451 extends in the front-back direction, and the front end of the movable rod 451 is movably arranged in the second mounting hole in a penetrating manner; the guide sleeve 452 extends vertically, the outer side wall of the middle portion of the guide sleeve 452 is fixedly mounted at the rear end of the movable rod 451, and the inner cavity of the guide sleeve 452 is used for the movable penetration of the connecting rod 43. The connecting rod 43 can move up and down along the inner wall surface of the guide sleeve 452 under the driving of the rotating shaft 42, meanwhile, the guide sleeve 452 moves back and forth along with the connecting rod 43, the limiting of the motion track of the connecting rod 43 is completed through the guiding and limiting of the movable rod 451 in the second mounting hole, the motion track of the movable seat 21 is indirectly limited, the pulley 431 is prevented from derailing from the spiral protrusion 421, and the stability is improved.

In order to improve the cutting efficiency, the cutting blade structure 31 includes a base 311, a cutting driving motor, and a cutting blade 312: the lower end of the base 311 is formed with a mounting groove; the cutting driving motor is fixedly arranged at the side end of the base 311, and a driving shaft of the cutting driving motor extends into the mounting groove; the upper end of the cutting disk 312 extends into the mounting groove, the center of the cutting disk 312 is fixedly connected with the driving shaft of the cutting driving motor, and the lower end of the cutting disk 312 is driven by the cutting driving motor to rotate for cutting. The cutting disk 312 is driven by the cutting driving motor to rotate for cutting, and meanwhile, the base 311, the cutting driving motor and the cutting disk 312 rotate circumferentially together, so that in the cutting process, the cutting disk 312 rotates to strengthen cutting force and revolves to complete circumferential cutting, the cutting effect is better, and the cutting disk can adapt to harder materials.

Furthermore, in the present invention, the moving driving assembly 4 further includes a rotating disc 46, an upper middle portion of the rotating disc 46 is rotatably mounted to a lower end of the movable seat 21 along an up-down axis, and a lower peripheral side of the rotating disc 46 is provided for the cutting blade structure 31 to be mounted. So set up, through the drive the rolling disc 46 can drive cutting piece structure 31 circumference is rotated, is convenient for rotate the driven setting, and, can also be through changing the size of rolling disc 46 in order to adjust the cutting.

It should be noted that, the present invention does not limit the rotation driving manner of the rotating disc 46, and the motor may be disposed on the movable seat 21 to directly drive the rotating disc 46, or the motor may be controlled by a belt transmission manner, which is not described herein again.

In order to improve the versatility of the road circumferential manhole cover cutting machine 100 of the present invention, please refer to fig. 3, a sliding rail 461 extending along the radial direction of the rotating disc 46 is disposed on the lower end surface of the rotating disc 46, and the cutting blade structure 31 is slidably mounted on the sliding rail 461; the lower end face of the rotating disc 46 is provided with a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder 47 extending along the radial direction of the rotating disc 46, a cylinder barrel of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder 47 is fixedly installed in the middle of the lower end of the rotating disc 46, a hydraulic rod of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder 47 is fixedly connected with the cutting blade structure 31, and the hydraulic rod of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder 47 stretches out and draws back to enable the position of the cutting blade structure 31 along the sliding rail 461 of the rotating disc 46 to be adjustable. The multistage hydraulic cylinder 47 has the advantages of simple structure, reliable operation, easy manufacture, convenient use and maintenance, good low-speed stability and the like. When the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder 47 is extended step by step, the cutting blade structure 31 slides along the center of the slide rail 461 to the outer edge of the rotary disc 46, so that the cutting radius is increased step by step, the control is convenient, and the structure is stable.

Slide rail 461 the cutting piece structure 31 with multistage pneumatic cylinder 47 one-to-one is cutting piece group, cutting piece group is equipped with a plurality ofly, and follows the circumference interval of rolling disc 46 sets up, wherein, a plurality of the motion trail of cutting piece structure 31 all is located same circumference, and is a plurality of multistage pneumatic cylinder 47 synchronous drive. The number of the cutting blade groups can be designed according to actual use requirements, so that the cutting effect and the cutting efficiency are improved. It should be noted that the motion trajectories of the plurality of cutting blade structures 31 are all located on the same circumference, and the plurality of multi-stage hydraulic cylinders 47 are driven synchronously. To ensure the stability of the adjustment and cutting.

In order to facilitate the movement of the road circumference manhole cover cutting machine 100, in the invention, the road circumference manhole cover cutting machine 100 further includes a plurality of rollers 6 located below the machine base 1, and the plurality of rollers 6 can be driven to advance and retreat by an engine.

Further, in the cutting process, the machine base 1 is often required to be kept in a static state, and in view of this, referring to fig. 4, the road circumferential manhole cover cutting machine 100 further includes a plurality of rollers 6 located below the machine base 1, at least one of the rollers 6 is a driving roller 61; road circumference well lid cutting machine 100 still includes brake equipment 5, brake equipment 5 includes locking wheel 51 and brake block 52: the locking wheel 51 and the driving roller 61 rotate coaxially, and a plurality of locking protrusions 511 are arranged on the outer side surface of the locking wheel 51 at intervals along the circumferential direction; the brake pad 52 is movably mounted on the machine base 1 along the up-down direction, the brake pad 52 is positioned above the locking wheel 51, and a fastening groove 521 is formed in the lower end surface of the brake pad 52 corresponding to the locking protrusion 511; the brake pad 52 has a locking position where the latch slot 521 is engaged with one of the locking protrusions 511 and an unlocking position where the latch slot 521 is separated from the locking protrusion 511. When the roller 6 moves, the brake block 52 is lifted to be separated from the locking wheel 51, and at the moment, the brake block 52 is in an unlocking position, and the plurality of rollers 6 can move back and forth; when the opening of the mounting cavity 11 moves to a corresponding position, the brake pad 52 is driven to fall down, so that the fastening groove 521 is fastened with one of the locking protrusions 511, at this time, the brake pad 52 is in a locking position, and the driving roller 61 cannot move continuously, so that the base 1 and the ground are fixed, and the cutting stability is ensured.

The invention is not limited to the driving mode of the brake pad 52, and can be driven by lever pressing, screw transmission and the like, in this embodiment, the brake device 5 further includes a driving cylinder 53, the driving cylinder 53 includes a cylinder rod extending in the vertical direction, a cylinder barrel of the driving cylinder 53 is fixedly mounted to the lower end of the machine base 1, and the cylinder rod is fixedly connected with the brake pad 52. The brake pad 52 can be dropped and lifted up by the extension and contraction of the cylinder rod, so that the centralized control is facilitated.

Moreover, the road circumference well lid cutting machine 100 of the present invention is provided with a controller, and the controller is electrically connected to the driving cylinder 53, the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder 47, the engine, the moving driving motor 44, and the cutting driving motor, so as to realize accurate control.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a road circumference well lid cutting machine which characterized in that includes:

2. The road circumferential well cover cutting machine of claim 1, wherein the movement drive assembly comprises:

the mounting bracket is fixedly mounted in the mounting cavity;

3. The road circumference well lid cutting machine of claim 2, wherein the upper end of the mounting bracket is provided with a first mounting hole extending in the front-back direction, and the front end of the rotating shaft is movably arranged in the first mounting hole in a penetrating way;

4. The road circumferential well lid cutting machine according to claim 2, wherein the lower end of the mounting bracket is provided with a second mounting hole extending in the front-rear direction;

5. The road circumferential well cover cutting machine of claim 1, wherein the cutting blade arrangement comprises:

the lower end of the base is provided with a mounting groove;

6. The road circumferential well lid cutting machine according to claim 1, wherein the moving driving assembly further comprises a rotating disc, the middle part of the upper end of the rotating disc is rotatably mounted to the lower end of the movable seat along an up-down axis, and the periphery of the lower end of the rotating disc is provided for the cutting blade structure to be mounted.

7. The road circumferential well lid cutting machine according to claim 6, wherein the lower end face of the rotating disc is provided with a slide rail extending along the radial direction of the rotating disc, and the cutting blade structure is slidably mounted on the slide rail;

8. The road circumference well lid cutting machine of claim 7, wherein the slide rail, the cutting blade structure and the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder are in one-to-one correspondence to a plurality of cutting blade groups, and the plurality of cutting blade groups are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the rotating disc;

the motion tracks of the cutting blade structures are all located on the same circumference, and the multi-stage hydraulic cylinders are driven synchronously.

9. The road circumferential well lid cutting machine of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of rollers located below the base, at least one of the rollers being a drive roller;

10. The road circumferential well lid cutting machine according to claim 9, wherein the brake device further comprises a driving cylinder, the driving cylinder comprises a cylinder rod extending in the up-down direction, a cylinder barrel of the driving cylinder is fixedly mounted to the lower end of the machine base, and the cylinder rod is fixedly connected with the brake block.