CN112958682A - Near-equal-thickness die-free spinning method for convex bus revolving body thin-walled part - Google Patents

Near-equal-thickness die-free spinning method for convex bus revolving body thin-walled part Download PDF

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CN112958682A
CN112958682A CN202110195216.8A CN202110195216A CN112958682A CN 112958682 A CN112958682 A CN 112958682A CN 202110195216 A CN202110195216 A CN 202110195216A CN 112958682 A CN112958682 A CN 112958682A
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CN112958682B (en
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贾震
文彦臻
韩志仁
包惠莉
刘宝明
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Shenyang Aerospace University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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Abstract

A convex bus revolving body thin-wall part near-equal-thickness die-free spinning method comprises the following steps: clamping the circular plate blank between a main shaft and a tail top of a numerical control spinning machine, and ensuring that the axial center lines of the circular plate blank, the main shaft and the tail top are coincident; a spherical spinning wheel with a round chamfer machined at the radial edge is arranged on the numerical control spinning machine, and the round chamfer and the spherical surface of the main body of the spherical spinning wheel are in smooth tangent transition; adjusting the height of the spherical spinning wheel to enable the axial center lines of the spherical spinning wheel, the circular plate blank, the main shaft and the tail top to be in the same horizontal plane, wherein the axial center line of the spherical spinning wheel is parallel to the axial center line of the main shaft; deducing a motion trail equation of the spherical spinning wheel by adopting a cubic spline theoretical calculation mode; compiling the deduced motion trail equation of the spherical spinning wheel into a numerical control code program and inputting the program into a system of a numerical control spinning machine; and starting the numerical control spinning machine, and executing a die-free spinning forming process according to a numerical control code program until the circular plate blank is processed into the convex bus revolving body thin-wall part with the wall thickness approximately equal to the thickness.

Description

Near-equal-thickness die-free spinning method for convex bus revolving body thin-walled part
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal plate spinning forming, and particularly relates to a near-equal-thickness die-free spinning method for a convex bus revolving body thin-wall part.
Background
Spinning forming is widely applied to the industrial fields of aviation, aerospace, automobiles and the like because of the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, high material utilization rate and the like. Since the modern spinning technology comes into existence, scholars at home and abroad develop a lot of research work on the spinning forming of the conventional revolving body parts, and the accurate and stable forming theory of the circular section spinning process is developed after continuous improvement. In industrial production, a convex bus revolving body thin-wall part with a large middle and small two ends is frequently encountered, and the problem of difficult demoulding exists when the workpiece with the shape is spun by adopting the traditional profiling core die. With the development of science and technology, research on spinning forming technology and theory has been advanced into coreless die spinning forming, and when the coreless die is spun, a workpiece is suspended and is subjected to spinning pressure during forming, so that the wall thickness of the workpiece is usually reduced, and the reduction rate is extremely difficult to control.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a near-equal-thickness die-free spinning method for a convex bus revolving body thin-wall part, which adopts a spherical spinning wheel and simultaneously performs spinning forming by using a specific spinning wheel path track.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a convex bus revolving body thin-wall part near-equal-thickness die-free spinning method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a numerical control spinning machine, clamping the circular plate blank between a main shaft and a tail top of the numerical control spinning machine, and ensuring that the axial center lines of the circular plate blank, the main shaft and the tail top are coincident;
step two: a spherical surface spinning wheel is installed on the numerical control spinning machine, a round chamfer is machined at the radial edge of the spherical surface spinning wheel, and smooth tangential transition is formed between the round chamfer and the main spherical surface of the spherical surface spinning wheel; adjusting the height of the spherical surface rotating wheel to enable the axial center lines of the spherical surface rotating wheel, the circular plate blank, the main shaft and the tail top to be in the same horizontal plane, wherein the axial center line of the spherical surface rotating wheel is parallel to the axial center line of the main shaft;
step three: the motion trail equation of the spherical surface spinning wheel is deduced in a cubic spline theoretical calculation mode, and the deduction process is as follows:
Figure BDA0002945206400000011
Figure BDA0002945206400000021
Figure BDA0002945206400000022
Figure BDA0002945206400000023
Figure BDA0002945206400000024
Figure BDA0002945206400000025
Figure BDA0002945206400000026
μi＝1-λi，i＝1,2,3 (8)
Figure BDA0002945206400000027
Figure BDA0002945206400000028
Figure BDA0002945206400000029
in the formula, u-spherical spinning wheel motion track independent variable parameter:
z-axial coordinate independent variable of motion trail curve of spherical surface spinning wheel;
Zi、Zi-1-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheeliPoint, Pi-1Axial coordinate values of the points;
Z1、Z2、Z3-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheel1Point, P2Point, P3Axial coordinate values of the points;
Figure BDA00029452064000000210
-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheel0Point to P1Dot interval, P1Point to P2Dot interval, P2Point to P3Radial coordinate function of the point interval, and P0Point, P1Point, P2Point, P3The points are equidistantly distributed on the motion track curve of the spherical surface rotating wheel, P0Point sum P3The points are two end points of the motion track curve of the spherical surface spinning wheel, P0Point sum P3The coordinates of the points belong to a known set quantity;
Figure BDA0002945206400000031
-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheeli-1Point, PiPoint, Pi+1Radial coordinate values of the points;
Xi-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheeliRadial coordinate values of the points;
Figure BDA0002945206400000032
-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheel0Point, P1Point, P2Point, P3Radial coordinate values of points, and
Figure BDA0002945206400000033
Figure BDA0002945206400000034
-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheeliPoint and Pi-1Between points, Pi+1Point and PiThe difference in axial coordinates between the points;
Figure BDA0002945206400000035
-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheel1Point and P0Between points, P2Point and P1Between points, P3Point and P2The difference in axial coordinates between the points;
Mc-a matrix of coefficients, and
Figure BDA0002945206400000036
Figure BDA0002945206400000037
-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheeli-1Point, PiPoint, Pi+1The slope of the point;
Figure BDA0002945206400000038
-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheel0Point, P1Point, P2Point, P3Slope of a point, and P0Slope of point
Figure BDA0002945206400000039
P3Slope of point
Figure BDA00029452064000000310
The slopes of two end points of the curve of the motion track of the spherical surface spinning wheel belong to a known set value, P1Slope of point
Figure BDA00029452064000000311
As a function of radial coordinate
Figure BDA00029452064000000312
On the curve of the motion track of the spherical surface spinning wheel P1First derivative at point, P2Slope of point
Figure BDA00029452064000000313
As a function of radial coordinate
Figure BDA00029452064000000314
On the curve of the motion track of the spherical surface spinning wheel P2The first derivative at the point;
λi、μi、ci-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheeli-1Point to PiIntermediate amounts of introduction of point intervals;
λ1、μ1、c1-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheel0Point to P1Intermediate amounts of introduction of point intervals;
λ2、μ2、c2-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheel1Point to P2Intermediate amounts of introduction of point intervals;
wherein, P on the motion trail curve of the spherical surface spinning wheel is calculated by the formula (11)1Slope of point
Figure BDA00029452064000000315
And P2Slope of point
Figure BDA00029452064000000316
Simultaneously through P on the motion track curve of the spherical rotating wheel0Slope of point
Figure BDA00029452064000000317
Determining the initial position of the spherical surface rotating wheel at the tangent position of the spherical surface rotating wheel;
step four: compiling the deduced motion trail equation of the spherical spinning wheel into a numerical control code program and inputting the program into a system of a numerical control spinning machine;
step five: and starting the numerical control spinning machine, and executing a die-free spinning forming process according to a numerical control code program until the circular plate blank is processed into the convex bus revolving body thin-wall part with the wall thickness approximately equal to the thickness.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the near-equal-thickness die-free spinning method for the convex bus revolving body thin-wall part, the spherical spinning wheel is adopted, and spinning forming is carried out according to the specific path track of the spinning wheel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of clamping a circular slab;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a motion trajectory curve of a spherical surface spinning wheel;
in the figure, 1 is a main shaft, 2 is a tail top, 3 is a circular plate blank, and 4 is a spherical rotating wheel.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
In the embodiment, the model of the numerical control spinning machine is PS-CNCSXY-5, a Siemens numerical control system is arranged in the numerical control spinning machine, and the rotating speed of a main shaft 1 is set to be 200 r/min; the outer diameter of the circular plate blank 3 is 100mm, the plate thickness of the circular plate blank 3 is 2.05mm, and the material of the circular plate blank 3 is 6061-O state aluminum alloy.
A convex bus revolving body thin-wall part near-equal-thickness die-free spinning method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a numerical control spinning machine, clamping a circular plate blank 3 between a main shaft 1 and a tail top 2 of the numerical control spinning machine according to the figure 1, and ensuring that the axial center lines of the circular plate blank 3, the main shaft 1 and the tail top 2 are coincident;
step two: a spherical spinning wheel 4 is installed on the numerical control spinning machine, a round chamfer is machined at the radial edge of the spherical spinning wheel 4, and smooth tangential transition is formed between the round chamfer and the main spherical surface of the spherical spinning wheel 4; the height of the spherical surface spinning wheel 4 is adjusted to enable the axial center lines of the spherical surface spinning wheel 4, the circular plate blank 3, the main shaft 1 and the tail top 2 to be in the same horizontal plane, and the axial center line of the spherical surface spinning wheel 4 is parallel to the axial center line of the main shaft 1;
step three: the motion trail equation of the spherical spinning wheel 4 is derived by adopting a cubic spline theoretical calculation mode (the motion trail curve of the spherical spinning wheel 4 is shown in figure 2), and the derivation process is as follows:
Figure BDA0002945206400000041
Figure BDA0002945206400000042
Figure BDA0002945206400000051
Figure BDA0002945206400000052
Figure BDA0002945206400000053
Figure BDA0002945206400000054
Figure BDA0002945206400000055
μi＝1-λi，i＝1,2,3 (8)
Figure BDA0002945206400000056
Figure BDA0002945206400000057
Figure BDA0002945206400000058
in the formula, u-spherical surface spinning wheel 4 motion track independent variable parameter:
z-axial coordinate independent variable of motion track curve of the spherical spinning wheel 4;
Zi、Zi-1p on motion locus curve of spherical surface spinning wheel 4iPoint, Pi-1Axial coordinate values of the points;
Z1、Z2、Z3p on motion locus curve of spherical surface spinning wheel 41Point, P2Point, P3Axial coordinate values of the points;
Figure BDA0002945206400000059
p on motion locus curve of spherical surface spinning wheel 40Point to P1Dot interval, P1Point to P2Dot interval, P2Point to P3Radial coordinate function of the point interval, and P0Point, P1Point, P2Point, P3The points are distributed on the motion track curve of the spherical surface spinning wheel 4 at equal intervals, P0Point sum P3The points are two end points P of the motion track curve of the spherical surface spinning wheel 40Point sum P3The coordinates of the points belong to a known set quantity;
Figure BDA00029452064000000510
p on motion locus curve of spherical surface spinning wheel 4i-1Point, PiPoint, Pi+1Radial coordinate values of the points;
Xip on motion locus curve of spherical surface spinning wheel 4iRadial coordinate values of the points;
Figure BDA0002945206400000061
p on motion locus curve of spherical surface spinning wheel 40Point, P1Point, P2Point, P3Radial coordinate values of points, and
Figure BDA0002945206400000062
Figure BDA0002945206400000063
p on motion locus curve of spherical surface spinning wheel 4iPoint and Pi-1Between points, Pi+1Point and PiThe difference in axial coordinates between the points;
Figure BDA0002945206400000064
p on motion locus curve of spherical surface spinning wheel 41Point and P0Between points, P2Point and P1Between points, P3Point and P2The difference in axial coordinates between the points;
Mc-a matrix of coefficients, and
Figure BDA0002945206400000065
Figure BDA0002945206400000066
p on motion locus curve of spherical surface spinning wheel 4i-1Point, PiPoint, Pi+1The slope of the point;
Figure BDA0002945206400000067
p on motion locus curve of spherical surface spinning wheel 40Point, P1Point, P2Point, P3Slope of a point, and P0Slope of point
Figure BDA0002945206400000068
P3Slope of point
Figure BDA0002945206400000069
The slopes of two end points of the curve of the motion track of the spherical surface spinning wheel 4 belong to a known set value P1Slope of point
Figure BDA00029452064000000610
As a function of radial coordinate
Figure BDA00029452064000000611
On the curve of the motion track of the spherical surface spinning wheel 4P1First derivative at point, P2Slope of point
Figure BDA00029452064000000612
As a function of radial coordinate
Figure BDA00029452064000000613
On the curve of the motion track of the spherical surface spinning wheel 4P2The first derivative at the point;
λi、μi、cip on motion locus curve of spherical surface spinning wheel 4i-1Point to PiIntermediate amounts of introduction of point intervals;
λ1、μ1、c1p on motion locus curve of spherical surface spinning wheel 40Point to P1Intermediate amounts of introduction of point intervals;
λ2、μ2、c2p on motion locus curve of spherical surface spinning wheel 41Point to P2Intermediate amounts of introduction of point intervals;
wherein, P on the motion trail curve of the spherical surface spinning wheel 4 is calculated by the formula (11)1Slope of point
Figure BDA00029452064000000614
And P2Slope of point
Figure BDA00029452064000000615
Simultaneously passes through P on the motion track curve of the spherical rotating wheel 40Slope of point
Figure BDA00029452064000000616
Determining the starting position of the spherical surface rotating wheel 4 at the tangent position;
step four: compiling the deduced motion trail equation of the spherical spinning wheel 4 into a numerical control code program and inputting the numerical control code program into a system of a numerical control spinning machine;
step five: and starting the numerical control spinning machine, and executing a die-free spinning forming process according to a numerical control code program until the circular plate blank is processed into the convex bus revolving body thin-wall part with the wall thickness approximately equal to the thickness. Through actual measurement, the wall thickness of the convex bus revolving body thin-wall part is gradually increased from the small head end of the starting side to the maximum diameter position of the section, the wall thickness is slightly reduced from the maximum diameter position of the section to the small head end wall of the finishing side, and the wall thickness tolerance is within 0.05mm, so that the non-mold spinning effect of nearly equal thickness is achieved.
The embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A convex bus revolving body thin-wall part near-equal-thickness die-free spinning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a numerical control spinning machine, clamping the circular plate blank between a main shaft and a tail top of the numerical control spinning machine, and ensuring that the axial center lines of the circular plate blank, the main shaft and the tail top are coincident;
step two: a spherical surface spinning wheel is installed on the numerical control spinning machine, a round chamfer is machined at the radial edge of the spherical surface spinning wheel, and smooth tangential transition is formed between the round chamfer and the main spherical surface of the spherical surface spinning wheel; adjusting the height of the spherical surface rotating wheel to enable the axial center lines of the spherical surface rotating wheel, the circular plate blank, the main shaft and the tail top to be in the same horizontal plane, wherein the axial center line of the spherical surface rotating wheel is parallel to the axial center line of the main shaft;
step three: the motion trail equation of the spherical surface spinning wheel is deduced in a cubic spline theoretical calculation mode, and the deduction process is as follows:
Figure FDA0002945206390000011
Figure FDA0002945206390000012
Figure FDA0002945206390000013
Figure FDA0002945206390000014
Figure FDA0002945206390000015
Figure FDA0002945206390000016
Figure FDA0002945206390000017
μi＝1-λi，i＝1,2,3 (8)
Figure FDA0002945206390000021
Figure FDA0002945206390000022
Figure FDA0002945206390000023
in the formula, u-spherical spinning wheel motion track independent variable parameter:
z-axial coordinate independent variable of motion trail curve of spherical surface spinning wheel;
Zi、Zi-1-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheeliPoint, Pi-1Axial coordinate values of the points;
Z1、Z2、Z3-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheel1Point, P2Point, P3Axial coordinate values of the points;
Figure FDA0002945206390000024
-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheel0Point to P1Dot interval, P1Point to P2Dot interval, P2Point to P3Radial coordinate function of the point interval, and P0Point, P1Point, P2Point, P3The points are equidistantly distributed on the motion track curve of the spherical surface rotating wheel, P0Point sum P3The points are two end points of the motion track curve of the spherical surface spinning wheel, P0Point sum P3The coordinates of the points belong to a known set quantity;
Figure FDA0002945206390000025
-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheeli-1Point, PiPoint, Pi+1Radial coordinate values of the points;
Xi-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheeliRadial coordinate values of the points;
Figure FDA0002945206390000026
-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheel0Point, P1Point, P2Point, P3Radial coordinate values of points, and
Figure FDA0002945206390000027
Figure FDA0002945206390000028
-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheeliPoint and Pi-1Between points, Pi+1Point and PiThe difference in axial coordinates between the points;
Figure FDA0002945206390000029
-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheel1Point and P0Between points, P2Point and P1Between points, P3Point and P2The difference in axial coordinates between the points;
Mc-a matrix of coefficients, and
Figure FDA00029452063900000210
Figure FDA00029452063900000211
-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheeli-1Point, PiPoint, Pi+1The slope of the point;
Figure FDA00029452063900000212
-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheel0Point, P1Point, P2Point, P3Slope of a point, and P0Slope of point
Figure FDA00029452063900000213
P3Slope of point
Figure FDA00029452063900000214
The slopes of two end points of the curve of the motion track of the spherical surface spinning wheel belong to a known set value, P1Slope of point
Figure FDA00029452063900000215
As a function of radial coordinate
Figure FDA00029452063900000216
On the curve of the motion track of the spherical surface spinning wheel P1First derivative at point, P2Slope of point
Figure FDA0002945206390000031
As a function of radial coordinate
Figure FDA0002945206390000032
On the curve of the motion track of the spherical surface spinning wheel P2The first derivative at the point;
λi、μi、ci-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheeli-1Point to PiIntermediate amounts of introduction of point intervals;
λ1、μ1、c1-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheel0Point to P1Intermediate amounts of introduction of point intervals;
λ2、μ2、c2-P on the motion locus curve of spherical rotary wheel1Point to P2Intermediate amounts of introduction of point intervals;
wherein, P on the motion trail curve of the spherical surface spinning wheel is calculated by the formula (11)1Slope of point
Figure FDA0002945206390000033
And P2Slope of point
Figure FDA0002945206390000034
Simultaneously through P on the motion track curve of the spherical rotating wheel0Slope of point
Figure FDA0002945206390000035
Determining the initial position of the spherical surface rotating wheel at the tangent position of the spherical surface rotating wheel;
step four: compiling the deduced motion trail equation of the spherical spinning wheel into a numerical control code program and inputting the program into a system of a numerical control spinning machine;
step five: and starting the numerical control spinning machine, and executing a die-free spinning forming process according to a numerical control code program until the circular plate blank is processed into the convex bus revolving body thin-wall part with the wall thickness approximately equal to the thickness.
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