CN112956386A

CN112956386A - Ecological prevention and control system suitable for field plutella xylostella

Info

Publication number: CN112956386A
Application number: CN202110132927.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张世泽; 朱经云; 向中文; 刘同先
Original assignee: Northwest A&F University
Current assignee: Northwest A&F University
Priority date: 2021-02-01
Filing date: 2021-02-01
Publication date: 2021-06-15

Abstract

The invention provides an ecological prevention and control system suitable for field plutella xylostella, wherein novel trapping plants are planted around or among crops, plutella xylostella egg-inducing agent is sprayed on the trapping plants, the growth time of the trapping plants covers the whole growth period of the crops, the crops are one or more of cruciferous plants, the trapping plants are broad beans, the planting area ratio of the trapping plants to the crops is 1/20-1/10, the planting width of the trapping plants is 20-50cm, the trapping plants are sowed simultaneously with the crops when the crops are sowed, and the period of spraying the plutella xylostella egg-inducing agent on the trapping plants is before the predicted generation period of the plutella xylostella on the crops. According to the method, the diamondback moth egg-inducing agent is extracted and sprayed on the trapping plants, experiments show that 85.8% of diamondback moth eggs are produced on the broad beans, larvae incubated by the eggs cannot damage the broad beans, the broad beans serving as the trapping plants can continue to grow and harvest broad bean seeds, and the economic income of vegetable farmers is increased.

Description

Ecological prevention and control system suitable for field plutella xylostella

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of field pest prevention and control systems, and particularly relates to an ecological prevention and control system suitable for field plutella xylostella.

Background

Diamondback moth is a significant pest on cruciferous vegetables, causing economic losses of over $ 7 billion per year in vegetable production. At present, chemical control is a main control means of diamondback moths, but abuse of chemical insecticides is easy to kill beneficial organisms such as natural enemies and the like, and a series of problems such as ecological imbalance, pesticide resistance of pests, pesticide residue, environmental pollution and the like are caused.

Trap plants are plants which are used to attract insects, nematodes or other pests and thereby protect the target crop from the pests, and have a significantly higher attracting effect on the pests than on the target crop. Host crops which are addicted to pests and are fed to the insects are properly planted in farmlands and orchards, and the pests can be attracted to trap plants in a critical period by utilizing feeding and spawning selectivity of the insects to the host crops, and then centralized control is carried out. The trapping and control of the plant is a sustainable treatment way for the comprehensive treatment of the plutella xylostella and has good application prospect. For example, in countries such as europe, brassica juncea, brassica oleracea and Chinese cabbage can achieve a certain effect of trapping diamond back moths by planting brassica juncea in the cabbage field, but the planted trapped plants not only reduce the land utilization rate, but also increase the difficulty of field operation; moreover, the trapped plants need to be removed regularly, or become a new insect source in the later period of cabbage production. Terminal trap plants well solve these problems of trap plants, for example, European mustard is an ideal terminal trap plant, which avoids the possibility of becoming a later source of plutella xylostella, but the mustard cannot be used as a commercial crop, land is wasted, and the efficiency of trapping the plutella xylostella after flowering of the mustard is greatly reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an ecological control system for field plutella xylostella, aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art, so as to solve the problems in the background art.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an ecological prevention and control system suitable for field diamondback moths is characterized in that novel trapping plants are planted around or among crops, diamondback moth egg-trapping agents are sprayed on the trapping plants, and the growth time of the trapping plants covers the whole growth period of the crops.

Preferably, the crop is one or more of cruciferous plants.

Preferably, the trap plant is broad bean.

Preferably, the ratio of the planting area of the trap plants to the crop is 1/20-1/10, and the planting width of the trap plants is 20-50 cm.

Preferably, the trapping plants are sown simultaneously with the crops when the crops are sown, and the period of spraying the diamondback moth egg-inducing agent on the trapping plants is before the predicted occurrence period of the diamondback moth on the crops.

Preferably, the preparation method of the diamondback moth egg attractant comprises the steps of weighing 100g of crucifer sample, cutting the crucifer sample into small pieces by using scissors, putting the small pieces into a 1000mL beaker, putting the beaker into boiling water, boiling the beaker for 1min in water, quickly fishing out the beaker, immersing the beaker into cold water, quickly cooling the beaker, putting the cooled leaves into a grinder, adding 100mL of extracting solution, grinding the leaves for 3min, adding 900mL of water, grinding and stirring the leaves for 1min, pouring the ground juice into a 2000mL beaker, standing the beaker for 3-4h at normal temperature, filtering the residue by using a 300-mesh sieve, and storing the filtrate in a 4-degree refrigerator to obtain the diamondback moth egg attractant.

Preferably, the extracting solution consists of 5 mass percent of acetic acid, 75 mass percent of ethanol and 20 mass percent of water.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

the diamondback moth egg-inducing agent is extracted and sprayed on the trapped plants, because the diamondback moth egg-inducing agent contains the glucosinolate which is an irritant substance for the egg laying of the diamondback moth, the egg-laying irritant substance is sprayed on the broad beans of the trapped plants, the diamondback moth adults can be attracted to lay eggs, moreover, the broad beans sprayed with the egg-inducing agent can attract the diamondback moth to lay eggs more easily than the cabbages, experiments show that 85.8% of the diamondback moth eggs are laid on the broad beans, the broad beans attract the diamondback moth to lay eggs, the larvae incubated by the eggs cannot cause damage to the broad beans, the incubated larvae can only survive for 2-3 days, and the broad beans serving as the trapped plants can continue to grow and harvest the broad bean seeds, so that the economic income of vegetable growers is increased, the insect damage caused by cruciferous crops is avoided, and the land utilization efficiency is also improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the evaluation of the effect of broad beans as terminal traps in Experimental example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the behavior of diamondback moth larvae on broad beans in Experimental example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the survival rate of larvae of Plutella xylostella in Experimental example 2 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiment 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: an ecological prevention and control system suitable for field plutella xylostella is characterized in that novel trap plants are planted around or in an intercropping mode on crops, the crops are one or more of cruciferae plants, the trap plants are broad beans, the planting area ratio of the trap plants to the crops is 1/20-1/10, the planting width of the trap plants is 20-50cm, a plutella xylostella egg-inducing agent is sprayed on the trap plants, the trap plants are sowed simultaneously with the crops when the crops are sown, the period of spraying the plutella xylostella egg-inducing agent on the trap plants is the period before the predicted occurrence period of the plutella xylostella on the crops, and the growth time of the trap plants covers the whole growth period of the crops.

The preparation method of the diamondback moth egg-trapping agent comprises the following steps:

s1, weighing 100g of cruciferous plant samples, cutting the cruciferous plant samples into small pieces by using scissors, putting the small pieces into a 1000mL beaker, putting the beaker into boiling water, boiling the beaker in the boiling water for 1min, quickly taking out the beaker, and immersing the beaker into cold water for quick cooling;

s2, after the blades are cooled, putting the blades into a grinder, adding 100mL of extracting solution, and grinding for 3 min;

s3, adding 900mL of water after grinding, grinding and stirring for 1min, pouring the ground juice into a 2000mL beaker, and standing for 3-4h at normal temperature;

and S4, filtering residues by using a 300-mesh sieve after standing, and storing the filtrate in a 4-degree refrigerator to obtain the diamondback moth egg-trapping agent.

Wherein the extracting solution consists of 5 mass percent of acetic acid, 75 mass percent of ethanol and 20 mass percent of water.

The diamondback moth egg-inducing agent is extracted and sprayed on the trapped plants, because the inside of the diamondback moth egg-inducing agent contains the mustard oil glycoside which is an irritant substance for the egg laying of the diamondback moth, the egg-laying irritant substance is sprayed on the broad beans which are the trapped plants, the diamondback moth adults can be attracted to lay eggs, and the broad beans which are sprayed with the egg-inducing agent can attract the diamondback moth to lay eggs more easily than the cabbages, the broad beans attract the diamondback moth to lay eggs, the larvae incubated by the eggs can not damage the broad beans, the incubated larvae can only survive for 2-3 days, and the broad beans which are the trapped plants can continue to grow and harvest the broad bean seeds, so that the economic income of vegetable growers is increased, the cruciferous crops are prevented from causing insect pests, and the land utilization.

Experimental example 1, cage experiment;

broad beans and cabbages sprayed with the diamondback moth egg-inducing agent are placed into a nylon net cage with the length of 20 multiplied by 20cm, then 3 pairs of adult diamondback moths eclosion for two days are released into the cage, the diamondback moths are found to lay 90% of eggs on broad bean leaves, the cabbage leaves basically have no egg laying, and the egg-inducing agent can still attract the adult diamondback moths to lay eggs after being sprayed on broad bean plants for 15 days.

Example 2, greenhouse experiments;

in a glass greenhouse of 5m × 8m, the cabbage and the broad bean sprayed with the egg-inducing agent are separated by different distances, and then 20 pairs of adult plutella xylostella which feathers for two days are released, and the specific results are shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3.

The result shows that the number of the diamondback moth eggs on the broad beans accounts for 84.8 percent of the total egg production amount of the diamondback moths, and the egg production amount of the diamondback moths on the broad beans at a position 4m away from the cabbage is the largest. Therefore, the broad beans sprayed with the egg-inducing agent can be used as terminal trap plants of diamondback moths.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an ecological prevention and control system suitable for field diamondback moth which characterized in that:

firstly, planting novel trapping plants around or in an intercropping mode on crops, spraying a diamondback moth egg-inducing agent on the trapping plants, and enabling the growth time of the trapping plants to cover the whole growth period of the crops.

2. The ecological prevention and control system suitable for the field plutella xylostella according to claim 1, wherein the crop is one or more of cruciferous plants.

3. The ecological prevention and control system suitable for field plutella xylostella according to claim 1, wherein the trapped plant is broad bean.

4. The ecological control system for diamondback moth in field according to claim 1, wherein the planting area ratio of the trap plants to the crops is 1/20-1/10, and the planting width of the trap plants is 20-50 cm.

5. The ecological prevention and control system for plutella xylostella in fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein the trapped plants are sown simultaneously with the crops when the crops are sown, and the period of spraying the plutella xylostella ovum-inducing agent on the trapped plants is before the predicted emergence period of the plutella xylostella on the crops.

6. The ecological prevention and control system suitable for field diamondback moths as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diamondback moth egg-trapping agent is prepared by weighing 100g of cruciferous plant samples, cutting the cruciferous plant samples into small pieces with scissors, placing the small pieces into a 1000mL beaker, placing the beaker in boiling water, boiling the beaker in water for 1min, then quickly taking out the beaker, immersing the beaker into cold water, quickly cooling the beaker, placing the cooled leaves into a grinder, adding 100mL of extracting solution, grinding the leaves for 3min, adding 900mL of water, grinding and stirring the leaves for 1min, pouring the ground juice into a 2000mL beaker, standing the beaker at normal temperature for 3-4h, filtering the residue by using a 300-mesh sieve, and placing the filtrate into a 4-degree refrigerator for storage.

7. The ecological prevention and control system for field plutella xylostella according to claim 6, wherein the extracting solution is composed of 5% by mass of acetic acid, 75% by mass of ethanol and 20% by mass of water.