CN112954773B - Satellite communication system mobile terminal access method based on open loop power control - Google Patents

Satellite communication system mobile terminal access method based on open loop power control Download PDF

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CN112954773B
CN112954773B CN202110390378.7A CN202110390378A CN112954773B CN 112954773 B CN112954773 B CN 112954773B CN 202110390378 A CN202110390378 A CN 202110390378A CN 112954773 B CN112954773 B CN 112954773B
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mobile terminal
access
access request
retransmission
satellite communication
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CN112954773A (en
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何元智
刘韵
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Institute of Network Engineering Institute of Systems Engineering Academy of Military Sciences
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H04W48/10—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using broadcasted information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
    • H04B7/18513—Transmission in a satellite or space-based system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/06—TPC algorithms
    • H04W52/10—Open loop power control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
    • H04W52/32—TPC of broadcast or control channels
    • H04W52/325—Power control of control or pilot channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
    • H04W74/0833—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using a random access procedure
    • H04W74/0841—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using a random access procedure with collision treatment
    • H04W74/085—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using a random access procedure with collision treatment collision avoidance

Abstract

The invention discloses a satellite communication system mobile terminal access method based on open loop power control, which comprises the following steps: the mobile terminal randomly selects an access application channel frequency point, and sends an access application message after waiting for a random time length by using the initial message power specified by the broadcast message; if interference occurs, the mobile terminal sets the power as retransmission power and retransmits the access application message after waiting for random time length, if the retransmission times in the same application channel exceed a threshold value, the channel is replaced and the message power is restored to the initial power, and a new round of access application is carried out. The method adopts open loop power control to respectively set the signal intensity of the terminal during initial access and retransmission access, can reduce the same frequency interference from other terminals and improve the success rate of the user at the random access stage; by adopting the random time delay sending and random waiting time length modes, the arrival distribution of the messages can be dispersed when a large number of terminals access in a concurrent manner, and the mutual interference caused by uneven distribution of the messages can be relieved.

Description

Satellite communication system mobile terminal access method based on open loop power control
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of satellite mobile communication, and particularly relates to a satellite communication system mobile terminal access method based on open-loop power control.
Background
The satellite communication plays an irreplaceable important role in the field of information communication due to the characteristics of wide coverage range, no influence by terrain, no dependence on a ground fixed base station and the like. In the working process of a satellite communication system, because the access requests of users are unevenly distributed or sudden events such as natural disasters occur, the situation that a plurality of terminals send access request messages to the same access channel at the same frequency point inevitably occurs, and the same frequency interference among the sent messages can be caused. When the number of terminals requesting access is large, the problem of co-channel interference is particularly serious, which results in that the access success rate of the terminals is remarkably reduced. Therefore, how to reasonably formulate a transmission mechanism of the access request message, and consider the access power consumption of the mobile user terminal, effectively reduce the access failure times caused by concurrent access co-frequency interference, and become a problem to be solved urgently in the field of satellite mobile communication.
Chinese patent CN 111225450 proposes a random access method and apparatus suitable for satellite communication, which obtains random access parameters according to round-trip transmission delay, thereby improving the success rate of random access of mobile terminals; chinese patent CN 109792293 proposes a dynamic reverse link retransmission time line in a satellite communication system, which dynamically adjusts the time line for processing retransmission based on the change of signal propagation time, so as to reduce the delay in retransmission processing. The above patent mainly performs optimized setting on time parameters in the random access and retransmission process thereof to improve the efficiency of random access, but does not consider that co-channel interference is reduced and the access success rate is improved by adjusting the transmission power of the user random access and retransmission.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the random access problem of a mobile terminal of a satellite communication system, the method discloses a satellite communication system mobile terminal access method based on open loop power control, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, the mobile terminal continuously receives the broadcast message from the satellite communication system ground gateway station, and records the initial power value and the retransmission power value appointed in the broadcast message;
s2, when the mobile terminal generates the access request, randomly selecting one of all available access request channels as the access channel;
s3, the mobile terminal sets the access request sending power according to the initial power value appointed in the received broadcast message, and sets the retransmission counter value to 0;
s4, the mobile terminal generates a random nonnegative integer n, 0<n<N0After waiting for the time length of n information frames, sending an access request message to the gateway station, and simultaneously, starting a timer and setting the timer by the mobile terminalTimer threshold, wherein N0The random time delay upper limit is determined by the transmission time delay of a satellite communication channel, the scale of a system user and the number of access request channels, and the timer threshold is determined according to the sum of the transmission time delay of the satellite communication channel and the processing time delay of the access request; the access request message comprises a plurality of information frames;
s5, the mobile terminal continuously monitors the access request feedback channel, if the response message of the gateway station is received in the threshold of the timer, the step S7 is executed, otherwise, the step S6 is executed;
s6, adding 1 to the retransmission counter value, the mobile terminal judges whether the retransmission counter value exceeds the counting threshold, wherein the counting threshold is determined according to the actual user scale of the satellite communication system, the number of the access request channels and the type of the mobile terminal, if the retransmission counter value exceeds the counting threshold, the mobile terminal randomly selects one channel from the rest access request channels as the access request channel, and the step S3 is carried out; otherwise, the mobile terminal sets the access request sending power as the retransmission power value, and goes to step S4;
and S7, the mobile terminal starts a network access process.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts the open loop power control mode to set the message signal strength of the mobile terminal during the initial access and the retransmission access respectively, can reduce the same frequency interference from other terminals, improves the success rate of the user random access stage, and has the characteristics of simple implementation, convenient system quick opening and the like;
2. the invention adopts the random time delay sending and random back time length mode, can disperse the arrival distribution of the message under the condition that a large number of terminals access simultaneously, and relieves the mutual interference caused by uneven distribution of the message;
3. the invention records the access retransmission condition by setting the retransmission counter in the access process, and can automatically switch channels when the terminal finds that the interference in the channels is too strong, thereby avoiding the accumulation of a large number of users in the same channel.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an access method in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention describes a mobile terminal access method for a satellite communication system based on open loop power control, which comprises the following steps:
s1, the mobile terminal continuously receives the broadcast message from the satellite communication system ground gateway station, and records the initial power value and the retransmission power value appointed in the broadcast message;
assuming that the number of access frequency points of a satellite communication system is N, the total number of mobile terminals is U, the generation time of access requests of the mobile terminals obeys Poisson distribution, the average number of times of access requests generated by the mobile terminals in an information frame is recorded as an arrival rate, and the expression of the arrival rate is alphaiλ, where λ is the basic arrival rate of access requests of the mobile terminal, i.e. the arrival rate of access requests of the mobile terminal without social and natural events causing an increase of access requests, αiThe gain coefficient of the arrival rate is i-1, 2, …, Q, i represents the communication demand gear corresponding to the gain coefficient of the arrival rate, the gain coefficient of the arrival rate is larger as the gear is higher, and the maximum gain coefficient is Q gear, the number and the division of the gears are determined according to the actual user scale of the satellite communication system and the type of the provided service;
when the communication demand gear is i, the power of the j-th time of sending the access request message by the mobile terminal is represented as
Figure BDA0003016503100000031
j∈N+，JthFor retransmission count threshold, when j is 1, Ci,1In order to send the initial power value of the access request message, the value of the initial power value is determined by the real-time link quality of the satellite communication system and is not influenced by the gear required by communication, mod represents the complementation operation, and when j is more than 1, Ci,jIndicating a retransmission power value for transmitting the access request message;
the calculation formula of the initial power value for sending the access request message is as follows:
Ci,1＝(Cth+ΔC)/L，
wherein, CthA link budget threshold value of a satellite communication system is set, delta C is link budget redundancy, and L is link loss; the sum of the power values of the access request messages from other mobile terminals received by the gateway station in the same information frame is I/L, wherein I is the sum of the transmission power values of the access request messages of other mobile terminals, when C isi,jWhen the/I is larger than or equal to delta, the gateway station can successfully identify the access request message of the mobile terminal and respond, so that the mobile terminal is successfully accessed, and delta is an identification threshold of the gateway station;
when the mobile terminal sends the access request message, when the communication demand gear is i, the probability R that other k mobile terminals simultaneously send the access request message in the same information framei,kComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003016503100000041
wherein k is 0,1,2, …, (U/N) -1;
when the mobile terminal sends the access request message for the jth time and the communication demand gear is i, the probability P of successful access of the mobile terminal isi,jComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003016503100000042
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003016503100000043
denotes rounding down, sgn (x) is a piecewise function, sgn (x) is-1 when the argument x < 0, sgn (x) is 0 when x is > 0, sgn (x) is 1 when x > 0, min denotes a minimum value, Pi,vIndicating the probability of successful access when the mobile terminal sends the access request message for the v time,
Figure BDA0003016503100000044
for calculating the previous j-1 accesses of the mobile terminalA probability of being unsuccessful;
when the communication demand gear is i, assuming that the time taken for the mobile terminal to send the access request message is T, the expected value of the energy required for successful access is as follows:
Figure BDA0003016503100000051
when the communication requirement gear is i, the expected value of the retransmission times required for successful access of the mobile terminal is as follows:
Figure BDA0003016503100000052
jmax is the maximum retransmission times of the access request message sent by the mobile terminal, when the number of times of the accumulated retransmission of the mobile terminal reaches the maximum retransmission times, the mobile terminal considers that all current access channels are in a congestion state, at this time, the retransmission request is stopped to be sent, the access is failed, and the maximum retransmission times is generally equal to the product of the number of the access channels and the retransmission threshold.
With the aim of minimizing the energy required by access and minimizing the retransmission times as the targets, an optimization model is established:
min gi＝wi,1Ei+wi,2Ti
s.t.j∈N+
i＝1,2,…,Q，
0≤Ci,j≤Cmax
T≥0
wherein, wi,1、wi,2When the communication demand gear is i, the weighted values of the energy required by successful access and the retransmission times required by successful access of the mobile terminal are determined according to the requirements of specific application scenes, and the optimization model is solved by using a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal retransmission power value of the mobile terminal under different communication demand gears;
the satellite communication system determines a current communication demand gear by monitoring communication demands and emergencies in a beam coverage area in real time, and sends broadcast messages containing initial power values and retransmission power values to all mobile terminals through a ground gateway station;
s2, when the mobile terminal generates the access request, randomly selecting one of all available access request channels as the access channel;
s3, the mobile terminal sets the access request sending power according to the initial power value appointed in the received broadcast message, and sets the retransmission counter value to 0;
s4, the mobile terminal generates a random nonnegative integer n, 0<n<N0After waiting for the time length of N information frames, sending an access request message to the gateway station, and simultaneously, starting a timer and setting a timer threshold by the mobile terminal, wherein N is0The random time delay upper limit is determined by the transmission time delay of a satellite communication channel, the scale of a system user and the number of access request channels, and the timer threshold is determined according to the sum of the transmission time delay of the satellite communication channel and the processing time delay of the access request; the access request message comprises a plurality of information frames;
s5, the mobile terminal continuously monitors the access request feedback channel, if the response message of the gateway station is received in the threshold of the timer, the step S7 is executed, otherwise, the step S6 is executed;
s6, adding 1 to the retransmission counter value, the mobile terminal judges whether the retransmission counter value exceeds the counting threshold, wherein the counting threshold is determined according to the actual user scale of the satellite communication system, the number of the access request channels and the type of the mobile terminal, if the retransmission counter value exceeds the counting threshold, the mobile terminal randomly selects one channel from the rest access request channels as the access request channel, and the step S3 is carried out; otherwise, the mobile terminal sets the access request sending power as the retransmission power value, and goes to step S4;
and S7, the mobile terminal starts a network access process.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the description is for purposes of illustration and that the invention is defined by the claims, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like based on the claims are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. A satellite communication system mobile terminal access method based on open loop power control is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s1, the mobile terminal continuously receives the broadcast message from the satellite communication system ground gateway station, and records the initial power value and the retransmission power value appointed in the broadcast message;
s2, when the mobile terminal generates the access request, randomly selecting one of all available access request channels as the access channel;
s3, the mobile terminal sets the access request sending power according to the initial power value appointed in the received broadcast message, and sets the retransmission counter value to 0;
s4, the mobile terminal generates a random nonnegative integer n, 0<n<N0After waiting for the time length of N information frames, sending an access request message to the gateway station, and simultaneously, starting a timer and setting a timer threshold by the mobile terminal, wherein N is0The random time delay upper limit is determined by the transmission time delay of a satellite communication channel, the scale of a system user and the number of access request channels, and the timer threshold is determined according to the sum of the transmission time delay of the satellite communication channel and the processing time delay of the access request; the access request message comprises a plurality of information frames;
s5, the mobile terminal continuously monitors the access request feedback channel, if the response message of the gateway station is received in the threshold of the timer, the step S7 is executed, otherwise, the step S6 is executed;
s6, adding 1 to the retransmission counter value, the mobile terminal judges whether the retransmission counter value exceeds the counting threshold, wherein the counting threshold is determined according to the actual user scale of the satellite communication system, the number of the access request channels and the type of the mobile terminal, if the retransmission counter value exceeds the counting threshold, the mobile terminal randomly selects one channel from the rest access request channels as the access request channel, and the step S3 is carried out; otherwise, the mobile terminal sets the access request sending power as the retransmission power value, and goes to step S4;
s7, the mobile terminal starts a network access process;
in the step S1, assuming that the number of access frequency points of the satellite communication system is N, the total number of the mobile terminals is U, the generation time of the access request of the mobile terminal follows poisson distribution, the average number of times of the access request generated by the mobile terminal in an information frame is recorded as an arrival rate, and an expression of the arrival rate is αiλ, where λ is the basic arrival rate of access requests of the mobile terminal, i.e. the arrival rate of access requests of the mobile terminal without social and natural events causing an increase of access requests, αiThe gain coefficient of the arrival rate is i-1, 2, …, Q, i represents the communication demand gear corresponding to the gain coefficient of the arrival rate, the gain coefficient of the arrival rate is larger as the gear is higher, and the maximum gain coefficient is Q gear, the number and the division of the gears are determined according to the actual user scale of the satellite communication system and the type of the provided service;
when the communication demand gear is i, the power of the j-th time of sending the access request message by the mobile terminal is represented as
Figure FDA0003203481110000022
JthFor retransmission count threshold, when j is 1, Ci,1In order to send the initial power value of the access request message, the value of the initial power value is determined by the real-time link quality of the satellite communication system and is not influenced by the gear required by communication, mod represents the complementation operation, and when j is more than 1, Ci,jIndicating a retransmission power value for transmitting the access request message;
the calculation formula of the initial power value for sending the access request message is as follows:
Ci,1＝(Cth+ΔC)/L，
wherein, CthA link budget threshold value of a satellite communication system is set, delta C is link budget redundancy, and L is link loss; the sum of the power values of the access request messages from other mobile terminals received by the gateway station in the same information frame is I/L, wherein I is the sum of the transmission power values of the access request messages of other mobile terminals, when C isi,jwhen/I is larger than or equal to delta, the gateway station can succeedIdentifying the access request message of the mobile terminal and responding, so that the mobile terminal is successfully accessed, wherein delta is an identification threshold of the gateway station;
when the mobile terminal sends the access request message, when the communication demand gear is i, the probability R that other k mobile terminals simultaneously send the access request message in the same information framei,kComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003203481110000021
wherein k is 0,1,2, …, (U/N) -1;
when the mobile terminal sends the access request message for the jth time and the communication demand gear is i, the probability P of successful access of the mobile terminal isi,jComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003203481110000031
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003203481110000035
denotes rounding down, sgn (x) is a piecewise function, sgn (x) is-1 when the argument x < 0, sgn (x) is 0 when x is > 0, sgn (x) is 1 when x > 0, min denotes a minimum value, Pi,vIndicating the probability of successful access when the mobile terminal sends the access request message for the v time,
Figure FDA0003203481110000036
the probability of unsuccessful previous j-1 accesses of the mobile terminal is calculated;
when the communication demand gear is i, assuming that the time taken for the mobile terminal to send the access request message is T, the expected value of the energy required for successful access is as follows:
Figure FDA0003203481110000032
when the communication requirement gear is i, the expected value of the retransmission times required for successful access of the mobile terminal is as follows:
Figure FDA0003203481110000033
wherein jmax is the maximum retransmission times of the access request message sent by the mobile terminal;
with the aim of minimizing the energy required by access and minimizing the retransmission times as the targets, an optimization model is established:
Figure FDA0003203481110000034
wherein, wi,1、wi,2When the communication demand gear is i, the weighted values of the energy required by successful access and the retransmission times required by successful access of the mobile terminal are determined according to the requirements of specific application scenes, and the optimization model is solved by using a genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal retransmission power value of the mobile terminal under different communication demand gears;
the satellite communication system determines the current communication demand gear by monitoring the communication demand and the emergency in the beam coverage area in real time, and sends a broadcast message containing an initial power value and a retransmission power value to all mobile terminals through the ground gateway station.
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