CN112952819A - Split-phase output fast switching circuit and control method for restraining surge current adopted by same - Google Patents
Split-phase output fast switching circuit and control method for restraining surge current adopted by same Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Abstract
The invention relates to a split-phase output fast switching circuit and a control method for restraining surge current adopted by the same. The split-phase output fast switching circuit comprises an inverter, a grid-connected switch array with an input side connected with the inverter, a power grid connected with an output side of the grid-connected switch array, a bypass switch array, a load, an autotransformer, an off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array, wherein the bypass switch array is connected with an output side of the grid-connected switch array, the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array is connected with the inverter, a first output side of the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array is connected with the output side of the bypass switch array together to form a load, and a second output side of the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array is connected with the autotrans. The control method for suppressing surge current adopted by the split-phase output fast switching circuit comprises the control of each switch array and the control of the output voltage of the inverter off-grid. The invention can improve the system reliability, realize the fast switching between grid connection and grid disconnection and realize the uninterrupted power supply of the load.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power electronic inverters, and particularly relates to a split-phase output fast switching circuit for an inverter, which utilizes an autotransformer to realize isolated phase output and realizes fast switching between grid connection and isolated phase through a switch array, and a control method for inhibiting surge current adopted by the split-phase output fast switching circuit.
Background
In some countries and regions, an 240/120V single-Phase three-wire system exists in a power grid, namely two live wires L1, L2 and one zero wire N, which is called as a Split Phase power grid, wherein the photovoltaic energy storage hybrid inverter can realize two working modes of grid connection and grid disconnection. Grid connection work only needs to output two live wire currents of L1 and L2, and unbalanced currents of L1N and L2N are achieved through a power grid end transformer. However, when the power grid is abnormal and the grid is off-grid operated, 240V and 120V loads exist simultaneously, the loads of L1N and L2N are unbalanced, the inverter only outputs L1 and the two live wires of L2 cannot realize 120V unbalanced load power supply, split-phase output is realized by connecting a 240/120V isolation transformer or an autotransformer to the backup output end, and extra transformer loss is brought during grid-connected operation. In order to reduce loss, the conventional solution is to use an autotransformer and add switch control, grid-connected disconnect the switch, and off-grid close the switch to make the autotransformer work, but adding switch control can cause the problems of asynchronous switch, abnormal load voltage caused by abnormal switch, transformer surge current at the moment of closing the switch, and the like.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the conventional solution adds transformer control switches R7, R8 before the autotransformer TX 1. When the power grid is abnormal, the energy storage inverter disconnects the bypass switches R5 and R6, and supplies power to the load through the grid-connected switches R1, R2, R3 and R4. If the voltage at the backup end is output first, and the R7 and R8 are closed later, that is, the switch and the output voltage are not synchronous, or the R7 and R8 switches cannot be closed due to faults, 120V voltage output is unbalanced, and a 120V load is damaged seriously, that is, the output voltage and a transformer cannot be ensured to be synchronously connected when the output voltage is off-grid. In addition, in order to realize uninterrupted power supply of the load, seamless switching is needed, at the moment of closing the switch, the autotransformer is instantly saturated due to the problems of remanence and magnetic bias, and the exciting current is very large, so that the output of the inverter is over-current and is closed or limited, and the function of fast grid-connected and off-grid switching cannot be realized.
Summarizing the above prior art solutions, there are three problems as follows:
1. the switch is asynchronous, and the output voltage is abnormal due to abnormal switch faults, so that the load is damaged or the service life is shortened;
2. the problem of prolonging the switching time between grid connection and grid disconnection is solved, and the load is powered off;
3. the surge current of the autotransformer is generated at the moment of closing the switch.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a split-phase output fast switching circuit which can avoid abnormal damage of an output voltage to a load due to the problem of switch closure synchronism or failure, avoid influence on an off-grid output voltage, improve the reliability of a system and realize uninterrupted power supply of the load.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a split-phase output fast switch circuit, including the dc-to-ac converter that has two live wires and a zero line output, the input side with the grid-connected switch array that the dc-to-ac converter is connected, with electric wire netting, bypass switch array, load and autotransformer that the output side of grid-connected switch array is connected, split-phase output fast switch circuit still includes off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array, the input side of bypass switch array with the output side of grid-connected switch array is connected, the input side of off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array with the inverter is connected, the first output side of off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array with the output side of bypass switch array is connected jointly the load, the second output side of off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array with autotransformer is connected.
The grid-connected switch array comprises a first switch and a second switch, the first switch is arranged on the first live wire, and the second switch is arranged on the second live wire.
The grid-connected switch array further comprises a third switch and a fourth switch, the third switch and the first switch are arranged on the first live wire in series, and the fourth switch and the second switch are arranged on the second live wire in series.
The bypass switch array comprises a fifth switch and a sixth switch, the sixth switch is arranged on the first live wire, and the fifth switch is arranged on the second live wire.
The bypass switch array further comprises a seventh switch and an eighth switch, the seventh switch and the fifth switch are arranged on the second live wire in series, and the eighth switch and the sixth switch are arranged on the first live wire in series.
The off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array comprises a ninth switch and a tenth switch, wherein the ninth switch is arranged on the first live wire, and the tenth switch is arranged on the second live wire.
The off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array further comprises an eleventh switch and a twelfth switch, the eleventh switch and the ninth switch are arranged on the first live wire in series, and the twelfth switch and the tenth switch are arranged on the second live wire in series.
An output side of the eleventh switch and an output side of the twelfth switch constitute a first output side of the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array, and an output side of the ninth switch and an output side of the tenth switch constitute a second output side of the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array.
The invention also provides a surge current suppression control method applicable to the split-phase output fast switching circuit, which adopts the following scheme:
a control method for suppressing surge current adopted by the split-phase output fast switching circuit comprises the following steps: when the grid-connected work state is realized, the grid-connected switch array and the bypass switch array are closed, and the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array is disconnected; when the off-grid working state is realized, the grid-connected switch array and the bypass switch array are disconnected, and the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array is closed; when the off-grid working state is converted into the grid-connected working state, controlling the off-grid output voltage of the inverter to stop outputting at the voltage zero crossing point moment of the power grid, disconnecting the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array, and closing the bypass switch array and the grid-connected switch array; and when the grid-connected working state is converted into the off-grid working state, the grid-connected switch array and the bypass switch array are disconnected, the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array is closed, timing is started from the moment when the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array is closed, and when the timing reaches a preset switch closing delay time, the inverter starts to output off-grid output voltage from a phase of 0 degree.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the invention can avoid the abnormal damage of the load caused by the switch closure synchronism or the fault problem of the output voltage, avoid the influence on the off-grid output voltage, improve the system reliability, realize the fast switching between the grid connection and the off-grid and realize the uninterrupted power supply of the load.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a conventional 240/120V single-phase three-wire system.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the split-phase output fast switching circuit of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the value of B in a transformer core versus voltage.
Fig. 4 is a hysteresis loop diagram of a transformer.
FIG. 5 is a phase waveform diagram of the split-phase output fast switching circuit of the present invention when the circuit is switched from off-grid to on-grid.
FIG. 6 is a phase waveform diagram of the split-phase output fast switching circuit of the present invention when the grid connection is switched to the off-grid.
FIG. 7 is a phase waveform diagram of the entire switching process of the split phase output fast switching circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to examples of embodiments shown in the drawings to which the invention is attached.
The terms "first" and "second" … … in the following schemes are only used for distinguishing different components in the same category, and are not used for indicating the precedence relationship between the components.
The first embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 2, the split-phase output fast switching circuit includes a (photovoltaic energy storage) inverter INV, a grid-connected switch array, a bypass switch array, an off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array, a power grid, a load and an autotransformer TX 1. The inverter INV has two live lines L1, L2 and one neutral line N output, each live and neutral line being divided into three branches for connecting the grid, the load and the autotransformer TX1, respectively. The input side of the Grid-connected switch array is connected with the output of the inverter INV, the power Grid is connected with the output side of the Grid-connected switch array, the power Grid is located on the first branch of each live wire, and the input ports of the power Grid are Grid _ L1 and Grid _ N, Grid _ L2 respectively. The input side of the bypass switch array is connected with the output side of the grid-connected switch array, the input sides of the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch arrays are connected with the inverter INV, the first output side of the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch arrays is connected with the output side of the bypass switch array together to form a load, the load is located on the second branch of each live wire, the input ports of the load are back-up _ L1 and back-up _ N, Backup _ L2 respectively, the second output side of the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch arrays is connected with the autotransformer 1, the autotransformer TX1 is located on the third branch of each live wire, and the input ports of the autotransformer TX1 are TX _ L1 and TX _ N, TX _ L2 respectively.
The grid-connected switch array at least comprises a first switch R1 and a second switch R2, wherein the first switch R1 is arranged on a first live wire L1, and the second switch R2 is arranged on a second live wire L2. The grid-connected switch array further comprises a third switch R3 and a fourth switch R4, the third switch R3 and the first switch R1 are arranged on the first live wire L1 in series, and the fourth switch R4 and the second switch R2 are arranged on the second live wire L2 in series.
The bypass switch array comprises a fifth switch R5 and a sixth switch R6, the sixth switch R6 is disposed on the first live line L1, and the fifth switch R5 is disposed on the second live line L2. The bypass switch array further comprises a seventh switch R7 and an eighth switch R8 which are of redundant design, the seventh switch R7 and the fifth switch R5 are arranged on the second live line L2 in series, and the eighth switch R8 and the sixth switch R6 are arranged on the first live line L1 in series.
The off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array comprises a ninth switch R9 and a tenth switch R10, wherein the ninth switch R9 is arranged on the first live wire L1, and the tenth switch R10 is arranged on the second live wire L2. The off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array further comprises an eleventh switch R11 and a twelfth switch R12, the eleventh switch R11 and the ninth switch R9 are arranged on the first live wire L1 in series, and the twelfth switch R12 and the tenth switch R10 are arranged on the second live wire L2 in series. The output side of the eleventh switch R11 and the output side of the twelfth switch R12 form a first output side of the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array to which the load is connected, and the output side of the ninth switch R9 and the output side of the tenth switch R10 form a second output side of the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array to which the autotransformer TX1 is connected.
The control method for restraining surge current adopted by the split-phase output quick switching circuit comprises the following steps:
and when the grid-connected work state is realized, the grid-connected switch array and the bypass switch array are closed, and the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array is disconnected. And when the off-grid working state is realized, the grid-connected switch array and the bypass switch array are disconnected, and the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array is closed. Because the autotransformer TX1 and the off-grid output are on the same line and before the backup output port, when the backup output voltage is output, the autotransformer TX1 is connected, if any one of the ninth switch R9 and the tenth switch R10 is abnormal, the autotransformer TX1 is not connected, the backup end does not have output, and no voltage output can be ensured when the switch fails and cannot be closed.
According to the electromagnetic theory, the value of the autotransformer magnetic core B and the voltage are changed with a phase difference of 90 degrees, as shown in figure 3. According to the BH hysteresis loop characteristics of the core, the core has saturation characteristics, hysteresis, and remanence, as shown in fig. 4. If the voltage applied by the transformer stops at a certain moment, the remanence of the transformer core exists, if the voltage applied by the transformer stops at the voltage phase of 0 DEG or 180 DEG, the remanence is maximum, if the voltage applied by the transformer stops at the phase of 90 DEG or 270 DEG, the remanence is minimum, if the stopping moment and the closing moment of the voltage phase applied by the transformer are not on the same phase, and if a large phase difference exists, the transformer core is very easy to saturate at the initial stage of voltage application, if the applied voltage stops at 180 DEG, the remanence is at the maximum value of a first quadrant, and if the voltage recovers and starts to be applied from 0 DEG, the B value of the core continues to increase until the core is saturated, so that a very large transformer exciting current is generated. According to the magnetic core characteristic of the transformer, the voltage disconnection time and the voltage recovery time of the autotransformer can be reasonably controlled to realize the magnetic integrity of the transformer, and the specific realization method is described as follows:
when the voltage of the power grid is recovered to be normal, the circuit needs to be converted from an off-grid working state to a grid-connected working state. When the grid-connected operation state is converted from the off-grid operation state to the grid-connected operation state, the off-grid output voltage of the inverter is controlled to stop outputting at the voltage zero-crossing time of the grid, and the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array (comprising a ninth switch R9, a tenth switch R10, an eleventh switch R11 and a twelfth switch R12), a closed bypass switch array (comprising a fifth switch R5, a sixth switch R6, a seventh switch R7 and an eighth switch R8) and a grid-connected switch array (comprising a first switch R1, a second switch R2, a third switch R3 and a fourth switch R4) are opened, namely the grid-connected operation is performed, as shown in a curve of figure 5.
When the grid voltage is abnormal at any phase, the circuit needs to be converted from a grid-connected working state to an off-grid working state. When the grid-connected working state is converted into the off-grid working state, after the inverter INV detects that the grid voltage is abnormal, the grid-connected switch array (including the first switch R1, the second switch R2, the third switch R3 and the fourth switch R4) and the bypass switch array (including the fifth switch R5, the sixth switch R6, the seventh switch R7 and the eighth switch R8) are opened, the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array (including the ninth switch R9, the tenth switch R10, the eleventh switch R11 and the twelfth switch R12) are closed at the same time, the inverter starts to time from the moment of closing the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array, and when the time reaches a preset fixed switch closing delay time t1, the inverter INV starts to output an off-grid output voltage from a phase of 0 °, as shown in fig. 6.
The whole complete switching process is shown as a curve in fig. 7, and by controlling the continuity of the power-off phase and the power-on phase of the autotransformer TX1, the surge current of initial excitation can be reduced, the impact current output by the inverter is reduced, the output voltage cannot drop, and uninterrupted power supply of a load is realized.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned scheme lies in:
1. by adopting the scheme of the invention, the problem that the output voltage abnormally damages the load due to the switch closure synchronism or fault can be avoided;
2. if the fast grid-connected and off-grid switching is to be realized, the scheme of the invention can avoid that the auto-transformer generates larger exciting current at the moment of closing the switch, the larger exciting current exceeds the output capacity of the inverter, the off-grid output voltage is influenced, and the power supply reliability of equipment is improved;
3. by adopting the scheme of the invention, the energy storage inverter can realize the quick switching between grid connection and grid disconnection, so that the load can supply power uninterruptedly.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a split-phase output fast switch circuit, including have two live wires and the inverter of a zero line output, the input side with grid-connected switch array that the inverter is connected, with electric wire netting, bypass switch array, load and autotransformer that the output side of grid-connected switch array is connected, its characterized in that: the split-phase output fast switching circuit further comprises an off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array, wherein the input side of the bypass switch array is connected with the output side of the grid-connected switch array, the input side of the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array is connected with the inverter, the first output side of the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array is connected with the output side of the bypass switch array together to form the load, and the second output side of the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array is connected with the autotransformer.
2. The split phase output fast switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the grid-connected switch array comprises a first switch and a second switch, the first switch is arranged on the first live wire, and the second switch is arranged on the second live wire.
3. The split phase output fast switching circuit according to claim 2, wherein: the grid-connected switch array further comprises a third switch and a fourth switch, the third switch and the first switch are arranged on the first live wire in series, and the fourth switch and the second switch are arranged on the second live wire in series.
4. The split phase output fast switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the bypass switch array comprises a fifth switch and a sixth switch, the sixth switch is arranged on the first live wire, and the fifth switch is arranged on the second live wire.
5. The split phase output fast switching circuit according to claim 4, wherein: the bypass switch array further comprises a seventh switch and an eighth switch, the seventh switch and the fifth switch are arranged on the second live wire in series, and the eighth switch and the sixth switch are arranged on the first live wire in series.
6. The split phase output fast switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array comprises a ninth switch and a tenth switch, wherein the ninth switch is arranged on the first live wire, and the tenth switch is arranged on the second live wire.
7. The split phase output fast switching circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array further comprises an eleventh switch and a twelfth switch, the eleventh switch and the ninth switch are arranged on the first live wire in series, and the twelfth switch and the tenth switch are arranged on the second live wire in series.
8. The split phase output fast switching circuit according to claim 7, wherein: an output side of the eleventh switch and an output side of the twelfth switch constitute a first output side of the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array, and an output side of the ninth switch and an output side of the tenth switch constitute a second output side of the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array.
9. A method of suppressing inrush current for use in a split phase output fast switching circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by: the control method for suppressing the surge current comprises the following steps: when the grid-connected work state is realized, the grid-connected switch array and the bypass switch array are closed, and the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array is disconnected; when the off-grid working state is realized, the grid-connected switch array and the bypass switch array are disconnected, and the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array is closed; when the off-grid working state is converted into the grid-connected working state, controlling the off-grid output voltage of the inverter to stop outputting at the voltage zero crossing point moment of the power grid, disconnecting the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array, and closing the bypass switch array and the grid-connected switch array; and when the grid-connected working state is converted into the off-grid working state, the grid-connected switch array and the bypass switch array are disconnected, the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array is closed, timing is started from the moment when the off-grid and transformer synchronous switch array is closed, and when the timing reaches a preset switch closing delay time, the inverter starts to output off-grid output voltage from a phase of 0 degree.
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