CN112952359A - Structure and method for expanding field of view of broadband planar antenna array by using graphene electromagnetic band gap tube - Google Patents

Structure and method for expanding field of view of broadband planar antenna array by using graphene electromagnetic band gap tube Download PDF

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CN112952359A
CN112952359A CN202110203548.6A CN202110203548A CN112952359A CN 112952359 A CN112952359 A CN 112952359A CN 202110203548 A CN202110203548 A CN 202110203548A CN 112952359 A CN112952359 A CN 112952359A
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tube
antenna
electromagnetic bandgap
graphene electromagnetic
graphene
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张永伟
施佺
孙美
吕先洋
许致火
施佳佳
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Nantong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/364—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor
    • H01Q1/368—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor using carbon or carbon composite
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a structure for enlarging a view field of a broadband planar antenna array by using graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes, which comprises an antenna feed tray, a planar antenna array, a graphene electromagnetic band gap tube array and a reflecting ground, wherein the planar antenna array comprises an even number of antenna loads, the antenna loads are circular and are arranged in pairs, the antenna loads are connected with the antenna feed tray, the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube array is formed by periodically arranging the electromagnetic band gap tubes and is placed between the planar antenna array and the reflecting ground parallel to the planar antenna array, the electromagnetic band gap tubes are vertical to the reflecting ground, and the positions of the electromagnetic band gap tubes in the vertical direction are adjustable. According to the structure for expanding the view field of the broadband planar antenna array by using the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube, the specific electromagnetic band gap structure prepared by adding the new material in the broadband planar antenna array improves the impedance matching characteristic of the array element when the antenna array scans a wide angle, so that the large view field of the broadband antenna array in the whole working frequency band is realized.

Description

Structure and method for expanding field of view of broadband planar antenna array by using graphene electromagnetic band gap tube
Technical Field
The invention relates to a structure and a method for realizing a wide viewing angle of a broadband planar antenna array, belonging to the field of microwave engineering and technology.
Background
The discovery that graphene is a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms has greatly raised a technological revolution, such as an extraordinary structure and its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and toughness exceeding that of all general materials. But its superior performance is not well exploited and utilized in the microwave band. This is because it exhibits a high resistance characteristic in a low frequency band. The scheme skillfully utilizes the graphene engineering application which can be realized at the present stage, if the single-layer carbon atom structure is not used, the method is not suitable for a microwave band, and the conductive property of the multilayer graphene in the microwave band is improved by preparing the structure of the multilayer graphene and doping the multilayer graphene with other conductors. Therefore, the material can be applied to an antenna radiator structure, and different Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures can also be made of the material, so that the propagation mode of electromagnetic waves between a planar array and a transmitting ground is adjusted, and the electrical length of an electromagnetic wave propagation path passing through the reflecting ground is increased. The graphene material-based band gap structure can greatly improve the performance of the antenna array, and particularly increase the field of view of the array antenna in a low working frequency band. The application of graphene to the antenna radiator itself is generally suitable for applications where the efficiency requirements for the antenna are not too high.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention solves the key difficult problems in the design of the broadband array antenna, namely, realizing a large scanning visual angle and simultaneously keeping a very wide working bandwidth, and realizing the aims depending on the structure of the array antenna design and the used materials.
The technical scheme is as follows: a structure for enlarging a view field of a broadband planar antenna array by using graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes comprises an antenna feed tray, a planar antenna array, a graphene electromagnetic band gap tube array and a reflecting ground, wherein the planar antenna array comprises an even number of antenna loads, the antenna loads are circular and are arranged in pairs, the antenna loads are connected with the antenna feed tray, the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube array is formed by periodically arranging the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes and is placed between the planar antenna array and the reflecting ground parallel to the planar antenna array, the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes are perpendicular to the reflecting ground, and the positions of the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes in the vertical direction can be adjusted according to the requirement of the range of the scanning view field of the planar antenna array.
Further, the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube is arranged right below the antenna load.
Further, the antenna load is made of graphene materials.
Further, the sheet resistance of the material used for the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube and the sheet resistance of the graphene material used for the antenna load may be different.
Further, the sheet resistance of the graphene material is greater than 1 ohm/square.
Further, the material of the antenna feed pad is copper which is a traditional conductive material on a circuit board.
Further, the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube can be directly placed on the reflecting ground, or hung on the antenna load horizontal plane, or arranged between the reflecting ground and the antenna load horizontal plane, and when the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube is hung on the antenna load horizontal plane, or arranged between the reflecting ground and the antenna load horizontal plane, the space between the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube and the antenna load and the reflecting ground is supported by the low dielectric constant material tube.
Further, the low dielectric constant material may be an EPS foam board.
Further, the shape of the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube can be a square column shape or a cylindrical shape, and the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube is not welded with an antenna load and a reflection ground.
A method of using graphene electromagnetic bandgap tubes in a broadband planar antenna array, comprising the steps of:
step 1, determining array element spacing according to radiation scanning characteristics of a planar antenna array, wherein the array element spacing is a half wavelength corresponding to a highest working frequency point in order to avoid grating lobes;
step 2, determining the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the antenna load ring;
step 3, determining the square resistance of the material used by the antenna load ring;
step 4, determining the external dimension of the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube;
step 5, determining arrangement of the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes, uniformly arranging the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes on two sides of an antenna feed point in the horizontal direction, determining the distance between the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes through electromagnetic optimization, and adjusting the distance between the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes through an iteration method to realize maximized bandwidth and scanning field of view;
step 6, determining the position of the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube in the vertical direction, and taking the optimal input impedance matching of the array element input end when the antenna array scans to the maximum angle as an optimization target;
and 7, determining the sheet resistance of the material used by the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube.
Has the advantages that:
according to the structure for expanding the view field of the broadband planar antenna array by using the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube, the specific electromagnetic band gap structure prepared by adding the new material in the broadband planar antenna array improves the impedance matching characteristic of the array element when the antenna array scans a wide angle, so that the large view field of the broadband antenna array in the whole working frequency band is realized. After the graphene gap tube is added in the planar antenna array, the scanning angle of the antenna array in a low frequency band is increased to 45 degrees, and the field of view of the antenna array in 13 percent of working frequency bands is increased from 30 degrees to 45 degrees. Finally, the scanning angle of the antenna array is 45 degrees within the working frequency range of 4:1, the standing-wave ratio is less than 2: 1.
drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of an overall scheme of a graphene electromagnetic band gap structure and a planar antenna;
FIG. 2 shows array element reflection coefficients during 45-degree direction scanning, and performance comparison of antenna arrays with or without electromagnetic band gap structures;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of array element reflection coefficients during 45-degree direction scanning, and the electromagnetic band gap tube is arranged at different positions away from a reflection ground in the vertical direction.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
in the scheme, a two-dimensional planar antenna structure is taken as an example, except that the antenna feed tray uses a conventional conductor, the other parts of the antenna radiator use a graphene ring as a load. In the design of the broadband array antenna, a new material and a new structure are introduced, so that the problem that the broadband array antenna has a scanning blind area at a specific frequency point or frequency band at a high scanning angle is solved. The invention utilizes the characteristic that the novel material graphene can be prepared into different conductivities, two kinds of graphene with different conductivity characteristics are adopted in the structure designed by the antenna, one kind of graphene is used as a load material of an antenna radiation unit, and the other kind of graphene is prepared into a graphene tube which is used as an Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure and is periodically used between an antenna radiation body and a reflection ground at one side of the antenna radiation body. As shown in fig. 1, the structure for expanding the field of view of a broadband planar antenna array by using graphene electromagnetic bandgap tubes comprises an antenna feed tray 1, a planar antenna array, a graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube array and a reflective ground 2, wherein the planar antenna array comprises an even number of antenna loads 3, the antenna loads 3 are circular and are arranged in pairs, the antenna loads 3 are connected with the antenna feed tray 1, the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube array is formed by periodically arranging graphene electromagnetic bandgap tubes 4 and is placed between the planar antenna array and the reflective ground 2 parallel to the planar antenna array, the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube 4 is perpendicular to the reflective ground 2, the position of the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube 4 in the perpendicular direction requires that the adjustable graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube 4 can be placed on the reflective ground, can be suspended or be suspended on the horizontal plane of the antenna according to the range of the scanning view angle of the planar antenna array, and the two materials do not need to have the same conductivity, by reasonable parameter design and combination, the field of view and the working bandwidth of the antenna array can be effectively improved. Additional optional parameters are added for designing the antenna array for optimization. Different electromagnetic band gap structures can be made into square tubes or cylinders, the band gap structures can be arranged in different arrangements, and the maximized field of view and bandwidth can be realized through optimization. The impedance matching of the antenna array is greatly improved in the 45-degree direction of the electric field radiation surface of the antenna. Taking the array element spacing of 40mm as an example, the outer diameter of the load ring is 15mm, and the inner diameter of the load ring is 7.2 mm. The impedance matching of the array antenna with the working frequency of 1-4GHz within the range of deviating from the zenith angle by 45 degrees can be effectively realized.
Fig. 2 shows the reflection coefficient of the central array element of the array when the antenna array scans in the 45-degree direction, and the comparison of the impedance matching performance of the array elements of the front and rear antenna arrays with the electromagnetic band gap structure added in the antenna array, and the field of view of 13% of frequency (from 1GHz to 1.5GHz) is expanded to a range of 45 degrees from the zenith angle in the working frequency band of 4 GHz.
Fig. 3 shows the reflection coefficient of the central array element of the array when the antenna array scans in the 45-degree direction, and the electromagnetic bandgap tube is at different heights from the reflection field in the vertical direction, which shows that the electromagnetic bandgap structure affects the performance of the array in the high frequency band at different positions in the vertical direction, and the closer the bandgap structure is to the array, the smaller the effect is.
A method for expanding a field of view of a broadband planar antenna array using graphene electromagnetic bandgap tubes, comprising the steps of:
step 1, determining array element spacing, namely spacing between one antenna unit and adjacent antenna units in an array by using characteristics of dipole circular ring structure array antenna, for example, taking working at 4GHz as upper frequency limit (f)h) The size D of the array element spacing is 40mm, the wavelength corresponding to the upper frequency limit of 4GHz is lambdah＝75mm,
D＝0.53λh (1)
Step 2, determining the size of a circular ring of the antenna load 3 and the outer diameter RD of the circular ringoutAnd inner diameter RD of the ringin，
RDout＝0.2λh (2)
RDin＝0.48 Rout (3)
Step 3, determining the sheet resistance of the material used by the antenna load 3 circular ring through parameter iterative optimization by adopting full-wave simulation software such as Ansys, taking the reflection coefficient of the antenna load 3 circular ring to be lower than-10 dB as a standard in the whole working frequency band, and when the array element distance D is 40mm, using RANT as a standardΩ20 Ω/square;
step 4, when the array scans to 45 degrees on an electric field radiation surface, determining the size of an Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure through electromagnetic simulation optimization by using the same standard as the above, wherein the side length of the section of the graphene EBG tube 4 is 4mm, and the height h is 25 mm;
step 5, in order to obtain the optimal bandwidth and scanning field of view, the distance between the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes 4 is 20mm, is half of the array element distance, and is uniformly arranged on two sides of the antenna feed point in the horizontal direction;
step 6, the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes 4 are distributed in the vertical direction at the same distance from the antenna and the reflecting ground 2, and are respectively 1.5mm or other suitable sizes, and depending on the specific frequency range requirement in application, the antenna input impedance matching characteristics of the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes 4 attached to the reflecting ground 2 or suspended in the reflecting ground 2 are compared, and the optimal result is found to determine the position of the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes 4 in the vertical direction;
and 7, when the array scans to 45 degrees on the electric field radiation surface, determining the sheet resistance of the material used by the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube 4 by using the same standard as the above through an electromagnetic simulation iterative optimization method: REGBΩ30 Ω/square.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1.一种使用石墨烯电磁带隙管扩大宽带平面天线阵列视场的结构，其特征在于，包括天线馈电盘(1)、平面天线阵、石墨烯电磁带隙管阵列和反射地(2)，平面天线阵包括偶数个天线负载(3)，天线负载(3)为圆环状且成对设置，天线负载(3)和天线馈电盘(1)连接，石墨烯电磁带隙管阵列由石墨烯电磁带隙管(4)周期性排列形成，放置在平面天线阵和与之平行的反射地(2)之间，石墨烯电磁带隙管(4)与反射地(2)垂直，石墨烯电磁带隙管(4)在垂直方向的位置可调。1. a structure that uses graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube to expand the field of view of wideband planar antenna array, it is characterized in that, comprise antenna feeder plate (1), plane antenna array, graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube array and reflection ground (2) ), the planar antenna array includes an even number of antenna loads (3), the antenna loads (3) are annular and arranged in pairs, the antenna loads (3) are connected to the antenna feeder plate (1), and the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube array It is formed by periodic arrangement of graphene electromagnetic bandgap tubes (4), placed between the planar antenna array and the reflection ground (2) parallel to it, the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube (4) is perpendicular to the reflection ground (2), The position of the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube (4) in the vertical direction is adjustable. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种使用石墨烯电磁带隙管扩大宽带平面天线阵列视场的结构，其特征在于，石墨烯电磁带隙管(4)设置在天线负载(3)的正下方。2. a kind of structure that uses graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube to expand the field of view of wideband planar antenna array according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube (4) is arranged on the positive side of antenna load (3) below. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种使用石墨烯电磁带隙管扩大宽带平面天线阵列视场的结构，其特征在于，石墨烯电磁带隙管(4)所使用材料的方阻与天线负载(3)所使用的石墨烯材料的方阻值可以不同。3. a kind of structure that uses graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube to expand the field of view of wideband planar antenna array according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the square resistance of graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube (4) used material and antenna load (3) The square resistance value of the graphene material used can be different. 4.根据权利要求3所述的一种使用石墨烯电磁带隙管扩大宽带平面天线阵列视场的结构，其特征在于，所述石墨烯材料的方阻大于1欧姆/平方。4. A structure for expanding the field of view of a broadband planar antenna array using a graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube according to claim 3, wherein the square resistance of the graphene material is greater than 1 ohm/square. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种使用石墨烯电磁带隙管扩大宽带平面天线阵列视场的结构，其特征在于，天线馈电盘(1)的材料为传统电路板上的导电材料铜。5. a kind of structure that uses graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube to expand the field of view of wideband planar antenna array according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the material of antenna feeding plate (1) is the conductive material copper on traditional circuit board . 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种使用石墨烯电磁带隙管扩大宽带平面天线阵列视场的结构，其特征在于，石墨烯电磁带隙(4)管可以直接放置在反射地上，或者悬挂于天线负载水平面，或者设置在反射地(2)和天线负载(3)水平面之间，当石墨烯电磁带隙管(4)悬挂于天线负载(3)水平面，或者设置在反射地(2)和天线负载(3)水平面之间时，在石墨烯电磁带隙管(4)与天线负载(3)和反射地(2)的空间使用低介电常数材料填充。6. a kind of structure that uses graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube to expand the field of view of wideband planar antenna array according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, graphene electromagnetic bandgap (4) tube can be directly placed on reflection ground, or suspended on the horizontal plane of the antenna load, or between the reflection ground (2) and the horizontal plane of the antenna load (3), when the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube (4) is suspended on the horizontal plane of the antenna load (3), or arranged on the reflection ground (2) When it is between the horizontal plane of the antenna load (3), the space between the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube (4), the antenna load (3) and the reflection ground (2) is filled with a low dielectric constant material. 7.根据权利要求1所述的一种使用石墨烯电磁带隙管扩大宽带平面天线阵列视场的结构，其特征在于，低介电常数材料可以为EPS泡沫板。7 . A structure for expanding the field of view of a broadband planar antenna array using a graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube according to claim 1 , wherein the low dielectric constant material can be EPS foam board. 8 . 8.根据权利要求1所述的一种使用石墨烯电磁带隙管扩大宽带平面天线阵列视场的结构，其特征在于，石墨烯电磁带隙管(4)的形状可以是方柱型或者圆柱型，石墨烯电磁带隙管(4)与天线负载(3)和反射地(2)无焊接。8. a kind of structure that uses graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube to expand the field of view of wideband planar antenna array according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the shape of graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube (4) can be square column type or cylinder type, the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube (4) is not welded to the antenna load (3) and the reflection ground (2). 9.一种使用石墨烯电磁带隙管扩大宽带平面天线阵列视场的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：9. a method for expanding the field of view of a broadband planar antenna array using a graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: 步骤1、根据平面天线的辐射扫描特性确定阵元间距，阵元间距为最高工作频率点对应的半波长；Step 1. Determine the array element spacing according to the radiation scanning characteristics of the planar antenna, and the array element spacing is the half wavelength corresponding to the highest operating frequency point; 步骤2、确定天线负载(3)圆环的外直径和内直径；Step 2. Determine the outer diameter and inner diameter of the antenna load (3) ring; 步骤3、确定天线负载(3)圆环所用材料的方阻；Step 3. Determine the square resistance of the material used for the antenna load (3) ring; 步骤4、确定石墨烯电磁带隙管(4)的外形尺寸；Step 4, determine the external dimension of the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube (4); 步骤5、确定石墨烯电磁带隙管(4)的排列，在水平方向均匀布置在天线馈电点的两侧，通过电磁优化确定石墨烯电磁带隙管(4)之间的间距，通过迭代法调整石墨烯电磁带隙管(4)间距实现最大化带宽和扫描视场；Step 5. Determine the arrangement of the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tubes (4), evenly arrange them on both sides of the antenna feed point in the horizontal direction, determine the spacing between the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tubes (4) through electromagnetic optimization, and iteratively Adjust the spacing of the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tubes (4) to maximize the bandwidth and scanning field of view; 步骤6、确定石墨烯电磁带隙管(4)在垂直方向的位置，以天线阵扫描到最大角度时阵元输入端实现最佳的输入阻抗匹配为优化的目标；Step 6, determine the position of the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube (4) in the vertical direction, and take the optimal goal of achieving the best input impedance matching at the input end of the array element when the antenna array scans to the maximum angle; 步骤7、确定石墨烯电磁带隙管(4)所用材料的方阻。Step 7: Determine the square resistance of the material used for the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube (4).
CN202110203548.6A 2021-02-23 2021-02-23 Structure and method for expanding field of view of broadband planar antenna array by using graphene electromagnetic band gap tube Pending CN112952359A (en)

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