CN112952359A - Structure and method for expanding field of view of broadband planar antenna array by using graphene electromagnetic band gap tube - Google Patents
Structure and method for expanding field of view of broadband planar antenna array by using graphene electromagnetic band gap tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN112952359A CN112952359A CN202110203548.6A CN202110203548A CN112952359A CN 112952359 A CN112952359 A CN 112952359A CN 202110203548 A CN202110203548 A CN 202110203548A CN 112952359 A CN112952359 A CN 112952359A
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/364—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor
- H01Q1/368—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor using carbon or carbon composite
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
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Abstract
The invention discloses a structure for enlarging a view field of a broadband planar antenna array by using graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes, which comprises an antenna feed tray, a planar antenna array, a graphene electromagnetic band gap tube array and a reflecting ground, wherein the planar antenna array comprises an even number of antenna loads, the antenna loads are circular and are arranged in pairs, the antenna loads are connected with the antenna feed tray, the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube array is formed by periodically arranging the electromagnetic band gap tubes and is placed between the planar antenna array and the reflecting ground parallel to the planar antenna array, the electromagnetic band gap tubes are vertical to the reflecting ground, and the positions of the electromagnetic band gap tubes in the vertical direction are adjustable. According to the structure for expanding the view field of the broadband planar antenna array by using the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube, the specific electromagnetic band gap structure prepared by adding the new material in the broadband planar antenna array improves the impedance matching characteristic of the array element when the antenna array scans a wide angle, so that the large view field of the broadband antenna array in the whole working frequency band is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a structure and a method for realizing a wide viewing angle of a broadband planar antenna array, belonging to the field of microwave engineering and technology.
Background
The discovery that graphene is a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms has greatly raised a technological revolution, such as an extraordinary structure and its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and toughness exceeding that of all general materials. But its superior performance is not well exploited and utilized in the microwave band. This is because it exhibits a high resistance characteristic in a low frequency band. The scheme skillfully utilizes the graphene engineering application which can be realized at the present stage, if the single-layer carbon atom structure is not used, the method is not suitable for a microwave band, and the conductive property of the multilayer graphene in the microwave band is improved by preparing the structure of the multilayer graphene and doping the multilayer graphene with other conductors. Therefore, the material can be applied to an antenna radiator structure, and different Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures can also be made of the material, so that the propagation mode of electromagnetic waves between a planar array and a transmitting ground is adjusted, and the electrical length of an electromagnetic wave propagation path passing through the reflecting ground is increased. The graphene material-based band gap structure can greatly improve the performance of the antenna array, and particularly increase the field of view of the array antenna in a low working frequency band. The application of graphene to the antenna radiator itself is generally suitable for applications where the efficiency requirements for the antenna are not too high.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention solves the key difficult problems in the design of the broadband array antenna, namely, realizing a large scanning visual angle and simultaneously keeping a very wide working bandwidth, and realizing the aims depending on the structure of the array antenna design and the used materials.
The technical scheme is as follows: a structure for enlarging a view field of a broadband planar antenna array by using graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes comprises an antenna feed tray, a planar antenna array, a graphene electromagnetic band gap tube array and a reflecting ground, wherein the planar antenna array comprises an even number of antenna loads, the antenna loads are circular and are arranged in pairs, the antenna loads are connected with the antenna feed tray, the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube array is formed by periodically arranging the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes and is placed between the planar antenna array and the reflecting ground parallel to the planar antenna array, the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes are perpendicular to the reflecting ground, and the positions of the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes in the vertical direction can be adjusted according to the requirement of the range of the scanning view field of the planar antenna array.
Further, the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube is arranged right below the antenna load.
Further, the antenna load is made of graphene materials.
Further, the sheet resistance of the material used for the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube and the sheet resistance of the graphene material used for the antenna load may be different.
Further, the sheet resistance of the graphene material is greater than 1 ohm/square.
Further, the material of the antenna feed pad is copper which is a traditional conductive material on a circuit board.
Further, the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube can be directly placed on the reflecting ground, or hung on the antenna load horizontal plane, or arranged between the reflecting ground and the antenna load horizontal plane, and when the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube is hung on the antenna load horizontal plane, or arranged between the reflecting ground and the antenna load horizontal plane, the space between the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube and the antenna load and the reflecting ground is supported by the low dielectric constant material tube.
Further, the low dielectric constant material may be an EPS foam board.
Further, the shape of the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube can be a square column shape or a cylindrical shape, and the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube is not welded with an antenna load and a reflection ground.
A method of using graphene electromagnetic bandgap tubes in a broadband planar antenna array, comprising the steps of:
step 6, determining the position of the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube in the vertical direction, and taking the optimal input impedance matching of the array element input end when the antenna array scans to the maximum angle as an optimization target;
and 7, determining the sheet resistance of the material used by the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube.
Has the advantages that:
according to the structure for expanding the view field of the broadband planar antenna array by using the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube, the specific electromagnetic band gap structure prepared by adding the new material in the broadband planar antenna array improves the impedance matching characteristic of the array element when the antenna array scans a wide angle, so that the large view field of the broadband antenna array in the whole working frequency band is realized. After the graphene gap tube is added in the planar antenna array, the scanning angle of the antenna array in a low frequency band is increased to 45 degrees, and the field of view of the antenna array in 13 percent of working frequency bands is increased from 30 degrees to 45 degrees. Finally, the scanning angle of the antenna array is 45 degrees within the working frequency range of 4:1, the standing-wave ratio is less than 2: 1.
drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of an overall scheme of a graphene electromagnetic band gap structure and a planar antenna;
FIG. 2 shows array element reflection coefficients during 45-degree direction scanning, and performance comparison of antenna arrays with or without electromagnetic band gap structures;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of array element reflection coefficients during 45-degree direction scanning, and the electromagnetic band gap tube is arranged at different positions away from a reflection ground in the vertical direction.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
in the scheme, a two-dimensional planar antenna structure is taken as an example, except that the antenna feed tray uses a conventional conductor, the other parts of the antenna radiator use a graphene ring as a load. In the design of the broadband array antenna, a new material and a new structure are introduced, so that the problem that the broadband array antenna has a scanning blind area at a specific frequency point or frequency band at a high scanning angle is solved. The invention utilizes the characteristic that the novel material graphene can be prepared into different conductivities, two kinds of graphene with different conductivity characteristics are adopted in the structure designed by the antenna, one kind of graphene is used as a load material of an antenna radiation unit, and the other kind of graphene is prepared into a graphene tube which is used as an Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure and is periodically used between an antenna radiation body and a reflection ground at one side of the antenna radiation body. As shown in fig. 1, the structure for expanding the field of view of a broadband planar antenna array by using graphene electromagnetic bandgap tubes comprises an antenna feed tray 1, a planar antenna array, a graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube array and a reflective ground 2, wherein the planar antenna array comprises an even number of antenna loads 3, the antenna loads 3 are circular and are arranged in pairs, the antenna loads 3 are connected with the antenna feed tray 1, the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube array is formed by periodically arranging graphene electromagnetic bandgap tubes 4 and is placed between the planar antenna array and the reflective ground 2 parallel to the planar antenna array, the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube 4 is perpendicular to the reflective ground 2, the position of the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube 4 in the perpendicular direction requires that the adjustable graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube 4 can be placed on the reflective ground, can be suspended or be suspended on the horizontal plane of the antenna according to the range of the scanning view angle of the planar antenna array, and the two materials do not need to have the same conductivity, by reasonable parameter design and combination, the field of view and the working bandwidth of the antenna array can be effectively improved. Additional optional parameters are added for designing the antenna array for optimization. Different electromagnetic band gap structures can be made into square tubes or cylinders, the band gap structures can be arranged in different arrangements, and the maximized field of view and bandwidth can be realized through optimization. The impedance matching of the antenna array is greatly improved in the 45-degree direction of the electric field radiation surface of the antenna. Taking the array element spacing of 40mm as an example, the outer diameter of the load ring is 15mm, and the inner diameter of the load ring is 7.2 mm. The impedance matching of the array antenna with the working frequency of 1-4GHz within the range of deviating from the zenith angle by 45 degrees can be effectively realized.
Fig. 2 shows the reflection coefficient of the central array element of the array when the antenna array scans in the 45-degree direction, and the comparison of the impedance matching performance of the array elements of the front and rear antenna arrays with the electromagnetic band gap structure added in the antenna array, and the field of view of 13% of frequency (from 1GHz to 1.5GHz) is expanded to a range of 45 degrees from the zenith angle in the working frequency band of 4 GHz.
Fig. 3 shows the reflection coefficient of the central array element of the array when the antenna array scans in the 45-degree direction, and the electromagnetic bandgap tube is at different heights from the reflection field in the vertical direction, which shows that the electromagnetic bandgap structure affects the performance of the array in the high frequency band at different positions in the vertical direction, and the closer the bandgap structure is to the array, the smaller the effect is.
A method for expanding a field of view of a broadband planar antenna array using graphene electromagnetic bandgap tubes, comprising the steps of:
D＝0.53λh (1)
RDout＝0.2λh (2)
RDin＝0.48 Rout (3)
step 6, the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes 4 are distributed in the vertical direction at the same distance from the antenna and the reflecting ground 2, and are respectively 1.5mm or other suitable sizes, and depending on the specific frequency range requirement in application, the antenna input impedance matching characteristics of the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes 4 attached to the reflecting ground 2 or suspended in the reflecting ground 2 are compared, and the optimal result is found to determine the position of the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes 4 in the vertical direction;
and 7, when the array scans to 45 degrees on the electric field radiation surface, determining the sheet resistance of the material used by the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube 4 by using the same standard as the above through an electromagnetic simulation iterative optimization method: REGBΩ30 Ω/square.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The structure for expanding the view field of the broadband planar antenna array by using the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube is characterized by comprising an antenna feed tray (1), a planar antenna array, a graphene electromagnetic band gap tube array and a reflecting ground (2), wherein the planar antenna array comprises an even number of antenna loads (3), the antenna loads (3) are circular and are arranged in pairs, the antenna loads (3) are connected with the antenna feed tray (1), the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube array is formed by periodically arranging the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes (4) and is placed between the planar antenna array and the reflecting ground (2) parallel to the planar antenna array, the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes (4) are perpendicular to the reflecting ground (2), and the positions of the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes (4) in the perpendicular direction are adjustable.
2. The structure for expanding the field of view of a broadband planar antenna array by using graphene electromagnetic bandgap tubes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tubes (4) are arranged right below the antenna load (3).
3. The structure for expanding the field of view of a broadband planar antenna array by using a graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sheet resistance of the material used for the graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube (4) and the sheet resistance of the graphene material used for the antenna load (3) can be different.
4. The structure for expanding the field of view of a broadband planar antenna array using graphene electromagnetic bandgap tubes as claimed in claim 3, wherein the sheet resistance of the graphene material is greater than 1 ohm/square.
5. The structure for expanding the field of view of a broadband planar antenna array by using graphene electromagnetic bandgap tubes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of the antenna feed tray (1) is copper which is a conductive material on a traditional circuit board.
6. The structure for expanding the field of view of a broadband planar antenna array by using the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube is characterized in that the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube (4) can be directly placed on a reflecting ground, or hung on the horizontal plane of an antenna load, or arranged between the reflecting ground (2) and the horizontal plane of the antenna load (3), and when the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube (4) is hung on the horizontal plane of the antenna load (3), or arranged between the reflecting ground (2) and the horizontal plane of the antenna load (3), the space between the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube (4) and the antenna load (3) and the reflecting ground (2) is filled with a low dielectric constant material.
7. The structure for expanding the field of view of a broadband planar antenna array by using a graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low dielectric constant material is EPS foam board.
8. The structure for expanding the field of view of a broadband planar antenna array by using the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube (4) is in a square column shape or a cylindrical shape, and the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube (4) is not welded with the antenna load (3) and the reflecting ground (2).
9. A method for expanding a field of view of a broadband planar antenna array by using a graphene electromagnetic bandgap tube is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining array element spacing according to radiation scanning characteristics of a planar antenna, wherein the array element spacing is a half wavelength corresponding to a highest working frequency point;
step 2, determining the outer diameter and the inner diameter of a circular ring of the antenna load (3);
step 3, determining the square resistance of the material used by the antenna load (3) circular ring;
step 4, determining the external dimension of the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube (4);
step 5, determining arrangement of the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes (4), uniformly arranging the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes on two sides of an antenna feed point in the horizontal direction, determining the distance between the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes (4) through electromagnetic optimization, and adjusting the distance between the graphene electromagnetic band gap tubes (4) through an iteration method to achieve the maximization of bandwidth and scanning view field;
step 6, determining the position of the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube (4) in the vertical direction, and optimizing the target of realizing the optimal input impedance matching by the array element input end when the antenna array scans to the maximum angle;
and 7, determining the sheet resistance of the material used by the graphene electromagnetic band gap tube (4).
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| CN202110203548.6A CN112952359A (en) | 2021-02-23 | 2021-02-23 | Structure and method for expanding field of view of broadband planar antenna array by using graphene electromagnetic band gap tube |
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| CN202110203548.6A CN112952359A (en) | 2021-02-23 | 2021-02-23 | Structure and method for expanding field of view of broadband planar antenna array by using graphene electromagnetic band gap tube |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115036714A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-09-09 | 中国信息通信研究院 | Birdcage antenna array, system and method |
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| CN105006652A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-10-28 | 西安电子科技大学 | Pattern-reconfigurable antenna based on graphene composite structure frequency selective surface |
| US20180108964A1 (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-19 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Integrated antennas and phased arrays with mode-free electromagnetic bandgap materials |
| CN108439389A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-08-24 | 同济大学 | A kind of preparation method of the carbon nano tube/graphene foam with Meta Materials performance |
| CN112310649A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-02 | 电子科技大学 | Ultralow-profile low-scattering ultra-wideband phased array based on electromagnetic metamaterial loading |
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- 2021-02-23 CN CN202110203548.6A patent/CN112952359A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105006652A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-10-28 | 西安电子科技大学 | Pattern-reconfigurable antenna based on graphene composite structure frequency selective surface |
| US20180108964A1 (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-19 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Integrated antennas and phased arrays with mode-free electromagnetic bandgap materials |
| CN108439389A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-08-24 | 同济大学 | A kind of preparation method of the carbon nano tube/graphene foam with Meta Materials performance |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| YONGWEI ZHANG等: "Graphene Based Cross Ring Antenna Array with Electromagnetic Band Gap Structures", 《2017 11TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115036714A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-09-09 | 中国信息通信研究院 | Birdcage antenna array, system and method |
| CN115036714B (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2024-06-07 | 中国信息通信研究院 | Birdcage antenna array, system and method |
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Application publication date: 20210611 |