CN112950745B - Method for exploring imaging rule of convex lens - Google Patents

Method for exploring imaging rule of convex lens Download PDF

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CN112950745B
CN112950745B CN202110166223.5A CN202110166223A CN112950745B CN 112950745 B CN112950745 B CN 112950745B CN 202110166223 A CN202110166223 A CN 202110166223A CN 112950745 B CN112950745 B CN 112950745B
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李红梅
汪海宁
樊小莉
黄丽
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Yunnan Normal University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for exploring a convex lens imaging rule, which is implemented by inputting experimental data into a computer and running convex lens imaging rule exploring software; the exploration software comprises four modules of illustration, drawing a light path and a virtual experiment; the graphic module demonstrates the drawing of the explanatory drawing to the student; the drawing module draws the data stored in the excel table into a diagram; the drawing light path module draws a theoretical position imaged under the current object distance on the basis of experimental data; the virtual experiment module expresses the rule of convex lens imaging in the form of geometric lines; the convex lens imaging rule exploration software automatically reads experimental data, draws related data of object distance, image distance and image height into a diagram, draws contour lines and marks corresponding relation of object images; the light path diagram can also be drawn and simulated. The method has the advantages of simple operation, visual graphic results, vivid image and good teaching effect, can present the complex and complete process of continuous change of convex lens imaging, and is beneficial to culturing the exploration interests of students.

Description

Method for exploring imaging rule of convex lens
Technical Field
The invention relates to a physical teaching method for middle school, in particular to a method for automatically exploring a convex lens imaging rule by students in physical teaching for middle school.
Background
The study of convex lens imaging rules belongs to an experiment which is difficult to teach in middle school physics. On the one hand, the research experiments of the convex lens imaging rules are often developed in a verification experiment mode, and the problem of 'fake research' exists, namely, more teachers tell students how to experiment, how to analyze data and draw conclusions in teaching. Firstly, a teacher introduces a focal length when guiding students to explore the relation between the imaging of a convex lens and the size of an object, so that the students move a light source to the positions of 'u >2f, u=2f, 2f < f, u=f and u < f' to observe the imaging of the convex lens during experiments, and record data; second, when guiding students to analyze data, selecting a position where the object distance is equal to 2 times the focal length as a distinguishing point is usually proposed by a teacher, but it is not explained why 2 times the focal length is selected. The method takes the conclusion as a known condition, and more students are allowed to verify the imaging rule of the convex lens or finish the measuring link under the demonstration of a teacher instead of allowing the students to explore by themselves, so that the autonomous exploration of the students is weakened, and the scientific spirit culture is not facilitated.
On the other hand, students lack a convenient and applicable effective method for analyzing experimental data for exploring the imaging rule of the convex lens. The content required to be recorded in the experiment for exploring the convex lens imaging rule is various, and the quantitative digital recording and qualitative text description are available. Students first encounter this type of experimental data, and it is difficult to take a reasonable and efficient method to process. When students analyze data in actual teaching, a part of students can simulate the previous method for processing experimental data, multiply or add or subtract object distance and image distance, or simply describe the relation between the object distance and the image distance, so that the law of convex lens imaging is difficult to be completely obtained.
The method commonly used by teachers in teaching is to convert monotonically abstract data into 'graphic representation' by adopting an experimental data visualization mode so as to solve the problem that experimental data of a convex lens imaging rule are difficult to analyze. The specific method comprises the following steps: the object and the image are represented by "≡", the positive and the negative of the image are represented by an upward arrow "≡" and a downward arrow "≡", and the size of the object and the image are represented by the length of "≡". Admittedly, the method can solve the problem of complex experimental data of convex lens imaging to a certain extent, so that the method is relatively simple. However, the data table recorded in the observation experiment shows that the property of the image is described by adopting only 'size' in the experiment process, and the actual size of the image is not quantitatively measured, so that the property of the size of the image is difficult to accurately describe in the process of drawing and graphic representation, and the trend of the imaging change of the convex lens is not easy to show. In addition, the manual drawing mode is adopted in the course of the study of the classroom experiment, so that the data characteristics are not convenient to accurately represent, too much time is occupied, and precious classroom teaching time is wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the traditional data processing method in the conventional convex lens imaging law teaching is too coarse, can not present a visual, continuous, complex and complete change process for students, has an unsatisfactory exploration effect, wastes time by drawing pictures by hand and the like, and provides a method which has the advantages of small occupied time, easy operation, intuitiveness and convenience for cultivating the students to explore the convex lens imaging law independently.
In order to solve the technical problems, the method for exploring the imaging rule of the convex lens is characterized in that convex lens imaging rule exploring software is installed in a teaching computer, experimental data for exploring the imaging rule of the convex lens are input into the computer, and the convex lens imaging rule exploring software is operated to finish the method;
The convex lens imaging rule exploration software comprises a graphic module, a drawing module, a light path drawing module and a virtual experiment module; the graphic module can demonstrate to students how the graphic is drawn and how the relation between the graphic features and the corresponding measured data is processed; the drawing module can draw all data stored in the excel table into a diagram; the drawing light path module draws the theoretical position of the object imaging under the current object distance on the basis of student experimental data; the virtual experiment module can show the law of convex lens imaging in the form of geometric lines;
The convex lens imaging rule exploration software automatically reads experimental data recorded in a computer, draws related data such as object height, object distance, image height and the like in the experimental data into a graphic, draws contour lines and marks the corresponding relation of object images of each group; drawing a light path diagram corresponding to each group of experimental data on the drawn graphic diagram; simulating a convex lens imaging rule by using a geometric drawing method;
The method for exploring the imaging rule of the convex lens comprises the following steps:
(1) The students group and use convex lenses, luminous objects and the like to do convex lens imaging law research experiments according to the traditional method, and record experimental data in a record table;
(2) Independently recording the experimental data in the recording table of each group in the step (1) into an EXCEL table (namely, recording the experimental data of each group into an EXCEL table), naming the EXCEL file names by Arabic numerals 1,2,3 and 4 … … and storing the EXCEL file names in a D packing catalog;
(3) And running the convex lens imaging rule exploration software on a teaching computer to finish the following operations:
a. Drawing a graphic figure, wherein the convex lens imaging rule exploration software automatically reads student experiment data in the EXCEL form, draws relevant data of object height, object distance, image distance and image height in the experiment data into the graphic figure, draws contour lines, marks each group of object distance and distance measured by the student experiment with serial numbers measured by the experiment, and marks the object-image corresponding relation of each group of the diagrams; the drawing drawn in this step is drawing the experimental data measured by the students, and is drawn according to the actual data, and can explain and guide the observation imaging to the students according to the drawn graphic, and the amplifying, shrinking, inverting and virtual-real conditions are achieved;
b. Drawing an optical path diagram of all data of each group of experiments on the basis of the graphic diagram of the step a; the drawing drawn in this step is based on the object distance of the experimental data of students through theoretical formula And calculating the theoretical image distance under the current object distance, and drawing the theoretical image distance and the size of the image under the object distance of the student experimental data through a mapping method (namely light rays). Several tens to hundreds of groups of data can be drawn at the same time, so that students can be guided to compare and observe all groups of experimental data, and experimental rules can be independently summarized;
Furthermore, the convex lens imaging rule exploration software also has a data error correction function, and according to a theoretical formula of the convex lens imaging rule: Calculating a theoretical image distance under the object distance correspondence in student experiment data, marking the data exceeding the error range by adopting different colors with the error range of +/-5%, and carrying out an experiment again on the error data by students through error detection to detect whether the image formed by the convex lens is the clearest under the object distance condition.
C. the virtual experiment is used for simulating the imaging rule of the convex lens by using a geometric drawing method, the object distance is taken on a scale (a graduated scale in an interface), and an object image relation diagram corresponding to the current object distance is displayed in a graphical interface.
The convex lens imaging rule exploration software mainly can realize the following functions:
(1) And the automatic data reading function is to record the actual experimental data of each group into the EXCEL independently in the form of an experimental record table, name the EXCEL file name by numbers 1,2, 3, 4 and the like, store the EXCEL file name in a D packing catalog, and read the student experimental data of the EXCEL by the manufactured program, so that the automatic data reading function is simple and efficient. (the functions of the illustration module and the drawing module).
(2) Drawing function: after the student experiment data are read, key data such as object height, object distance, image distance and image height in the student experiment data are drawn into a graph, in addition, contour lines are drawn, and the corresponding relation of object images of each group is marked, so that the student can conveniently explain and observe the imaging situation of enlarging, reducing, correcting, deficiency and excess, and effectively help the student to independently explore the imaging rule of the convex lens. (illustration module and drawing module functions).
(3) Data error correction function: the theoretical formula of the convex lens imaging rule is utilized: calculating theoretical image distance corresponding to object distance in student experiment data, taking + -5% as error range, and marking data larger than the error range by adopting other colors. (illustration module and drawing module functions).
(4) Drawing an optical path diagram: on the plotted student experimental data graph, the light path graph of each set of experimental data is plotted. The light path diagram is different from the experimental data diagram: the experimental data diagram and the experimental data drawing only draw the sizes and positions of objects and images in the student experimental data, and the light path diagram is based on the positions of the objects, and the geometric lines are used for representing light rays to draw the change of the light emitted by the objects through the convex lenses.
(5) Virtual experiment function: and simulating a convex lens imaging rule by using a geometric drawing method, taking an object distance on a scale, and displaying an object image relation diagram corresponding to the current object distance in a graphical interface.
(Belonging to the dynamic light path diagram function).
According to the method, the convex lens imaging experimental data of the students are rapidly drawn into the%graphic capable of accurately expressing object height, object distance, image height and the inverse and positive relationship of the object and the image.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method has the advantages of simple operation, quick drawing, visual result, complex and complete change process of the character of continuous change of the convex lens imaging, good teaching effect, no need of drawing by hand, time saving, vivid demonstration and convenience for cultivating the ability of students to independently explore.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating the method for exploring the imaging law of a convex lens according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a functional interface of the convex lens imaging rule exploration software during operation;
FIG. 3 is a pictorial diagram drawn with a "pictorial" module ("convex lens imaging experiment data pictorial" button) in the described embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the illustration drawn by the "drawing" module ("convex lens imaging experimental data drawing" button) in the embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the drawing of the "draw light path" module button in the embodiment;
Fig. 6 is a virtual schematic drawing drawn with a "virtual experiment" module ("convex lens imaging dynamic light path diagram" button) in the described embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
According to the method for exploring the imaging rule of the convex lens, the convex lens imaging rule exploring software is installed in a teaching computer, experimental data for exploring the imaging rule of the convex lens are input into the computer, and the convex lens imaging rule exploring software is operated to finish the process;
The convex lens imaging rule exploration software comprises a graphic module, a drawing module, a light path drawing module and a virtual experiment module; the graphic module can demonstrate to students how the graphic is drawn and the relation of the graphic features and the corresponding measurement data; the drawing module can draw all data stored in the excel table into a diagram; the drawing light path module can draw the theoretical position of object imaging under the current object distance on the basis of student experimental data; the virtual experiment module can show the law of convex lens imaging in the form of geometric lines;
the convex lens imaging rule exploration software automatically reads experimental data recorded in a computer, draws related data of object distance, image distance and image height in the experimental data into a graphic, draws contour lines and marks the corresponding relation of the object images of each group; drawing a light path diagram corresponding to each group of experimental data on the drawn graphic diagram; and simulating a convex lens imaging rule by using a geometric drawing method.
The following describes the method for exploring the imaging rule of the convex lens according to the embodiment, and the exploring method mainly comprises the following steps:
The convex lens imaging rule exploration software comprises a graphic module, a drawing module, a light path drawing module and a virtual experiment module, wherein main functional interfaces of the convex lens imaging rule exploration software are shown in fig. 2, the graphic module is the graphic data graphic of the convex lens imaging experiment in fig. 2, the drawing module is the convex lens imaging experiment data drawing, and the convex lens imaging dynamic light path diagram is the virtual experiment module;
(1) The students use convex lenses, luminous objects (candles) and other tools to conduct imaging law research experiments according to the traditional method, experimental data are recorded, and table 1 is an experimental data recording table:
table 1: convex lens imaging rule experimental data recording table
(2) Independently recording the experimental data in the recording table of each group in the step (1) into an EXCEL table (namely, recording the experimental data of each group in an EXCEL), naming the EXCEL file names by Arabic numerals 1,2, 3 and 4 … … and storing the EXCEL file names in a D packing catalog;
table 1 is a record of 7 experiments performed by a group, named Arabic numerals "1" in the EXCEL file, and similar record tables are also performed by other groups, named Arabic numerals 2,3, 4 … …, respectively, and so on.
(3) The main purpose of the drawing graphic module is to introduce students how the graphic is drawn and the relation of the graphic features and the corresponding measurement data. After clicking the button "convex lens imaging experimental data graph" by the teacher, the teacher draws the first row of data of the first group of student experimental data (such as drawing the horizontal data with the number 1 in table 1), and sequentially draws the horizontal data with the numbers 1, 2, and 5 in table 1, and the graph is shown in fig. 3, where the content appearing in the graphical interface represents: intermediateRepresenting a convex lens; the area to the left of the convex lens represents the range of movement of the light source, and the area to the right of the convex lens represents the imaging area of the convex lens; inverting the arrow indicates inverting the object or image; the length of the arrow indicates the size of the image; the upper and lower dashed lines are contour lines, and represent positions equal to the object in size, and if the arrow of the image exceeds the dashed line, the position is larger than the object, otherwise, the position is smaller than the object. The numbers corresponding to the bottoms of each arrow on the middle horizontal axis are consistent with the experimental serial numbers in the table. The graphic is drawn by related data such as object height, object distance, image height and the like in experimental data, and the corresponding relation of the object images of each group is clearly marked, so that the graphic is very convenient for explaining and observing the conditions of amplifying, shrinking, inverting, correcting, virtual reality and the like of imaging.
The drawing function is to draw a drawing for extracting part of experimental data of a group, and is used for introducing how software processes the experimental data to students, and the drawing represents the corresponding relation between the characteristics and the measured data.
(4) The imaging and drawing function mainly draws all data stored in an excel table into a diagram. The teacher clicks the convex lens experimental data drawing button to draw the experimental data of each group into a graph, and the data of each group is independently a graph window, so that the data can be conveniently displayed and analyzed, as shown in fig. 4. Wherein the normal data is the same color (e.g., red), and when the measured image distance is greater than or less than 5% of the calculated image distance value from the current object distance theory, the image distance value is plotted with another color (e.g., pink). The image distance and the image become larger gradually as the object distance becomes smaller through the graphical observation. The more data is collected during the student's experiment, the more the trend is evident. According to the change trend of the diagram, the students are guided to guess whether a certain point exists so that the size of an image is equal to the size of an object, and analysis shows that when the object distance is equal to the image distance, the size of the image is equal to the size of the object, and the object distance is equal to 2 times of focal length, so that teaching of a convex lens imaging rule is continuously completed. The objects and images in the provided drawings are black, and can be respectively represented by different colors in actual operation, so that the method is more visual and is very easy to compare and observe.
This step of the "imaging plot" function may plot a graphical representation of all experimental data for all teams
(5) And (3) drawing a light path on the basis of the step (4), and drawing the position and the size of an image under the object distance theory on the basis of the experiment of the object distance of the students. As shown in fig. 5, the light path image and the image of the first group of students at the second experimental object distance are drawn, and the position and the size of the image measured by the students are found to coincide, which indicates that the result measured by the students is more accurate. The student can understand the relation between the convex lens imaging and the focal length of the convex lens conveniently.
(6) Virtual experiments are rules that show convex lens imaging in the form of geometric lines. By clicking the button of the 'convex lens imaging dynamic light path diagram', a teacher can display a virtual convex lens imaging experiment, as shown in fig. 6, click a sliding bar to change the object distance, and the light path diagram and the size and position of an image under the object distance can be drawn. Through the light path diagram, students can understand the law of convex lens imaging real image and complete the teaching difficulty that the object distance is equal to the focal length and does not image. And guiding students to summarize complete convex lens imaging rules by utilizing the light path diagram: the object distance is more than 2 times of focal length, and the object distance is formed into an inverted reduced real image; the object distance is equal to 2 times of focal length, and the object distance is equal to an inverted real image; the object distance is larger than 1 time of focal length and smaller than 2 times of focal length, and the object distance is formed into an inverted reduced real image; the object distance is equal to1 time of focal length, and imaging is not performed; the object distance is less than 1 time of focal length, and the object distance is amplified to form an upright virtual image.
The foregoing is only a partial embodiment of the present invention, and all that is required is to use the foregoing embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method for exploring the imaging rule of a convex lens is characterized in that convex lens imaging rule exploring software is installed in a teaching computer, actual experimental data for exploring the imaging rule of the convex lens are input into the computer, and the convex lens imaging rule exploring software is operated to complete the exploring process of exploring a conclusion;
The convex lens imaging rule exploration software comprises a graphic module, a drawing module, a light path drawing module and a virtual experiment module; the graphic module can demonstrate to students how the graphic is drawn; the drawing module can draw all the data stored in the excel table into a diagram and visually represent the corresponding characteristics of the measured data; the light path drawing module can draw the theoretical position of object imaging under the current object distance on the basis of student experimental data; the virtual experiment module can show the optical imaging principle of the law of convex lens imaging in the form of geometric lines;
The convex lens imaging rule exploration software automatically reads experimental data recorded in a computer, draws the relevant data of object height, object distance, image distance and image height of the experimental data into a graphic, draws contour lines and marks the corresponding relation of the object images of each group, so that students can explore the rule of convex lens imaging independently; drawing a light path diagram corresponding to each group of experimental data on the drawn graphic diagram, and presenting the principle of optical imaging; simulating the convex lens imaging rule by using a geometric drawing method, so that students can master the rule obtained by exploration better;
The method for exploring the imaging rule of the convex lens comprises the following steps:
(1) The student groups the data acquisition link of the study experiment of the convex lens imaging rule by using the convex lens and the luminous object according to the traditional method, and the measured data are recorded in the table;
(2) Independently recording experimental data in the recording table of each group in the step (1) into an EXCEL table, naming the EXCEL file name by numbers and storing the EXCEL file name in a D packing catalog;
(3) And running the convex lens imaging rule exploration software on a teaching computer to finish the following operations:
a. Drawing a graphic figure, wherein the convex lens imaging rule exploration software automatically reads student experiment data in the EXCEL form, draws relevant data of object height, object distance, image distance and image height in the experiment data into the graphic figure, draws contour lines and marks the corresponding relation of object images of each group; according to the drawn graphic, explaining to students and guiding to observe the conditions of enlargement, reduction, correction and deficiency and reality of imaging;
b. the optical path diagram is drawn on the basis of the graphic diagram in the step a, the optical path diagram of all data of each group of experiments is drawn, students are guided to compare and observe each group of experimental data, and experimental rules are independently summarized;
c. the virtual experiment is used for simulating a convex lens imaging rule by using a geometric drawing method, under the condition of default object height, an object distance is taken on a scale, and an object image relation diagram corresponding to the current object distance is displayed in a graphical interface.
2. The method for exploring the imaging law of the convex lens according to claim 1, wherein the convex lens imaging law exploring software further has a data error correction function, and the convex lens imaging law exploring software utilizes a theoretical formula of the imaging law of the convex lens: u1+v1=f And 1, calculating a theoretical image distance corresponding to the object distance in student experiment data, marking data exceeding the error range by adopting a distinguishing color by taking +/-5% as the error range.
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CN202929933U (en) * 2012-12-12 2013-05-08 高忠青 Convex lens imaging demonstrator
CN207019869U (en) * 2017-03-08 2018-02-16 史浩洋 A kind of laboratory apparatus for measuring thin convex lens focal length

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN202929933U (en) * 2012-12-12 2013-05-08 高忠青 Convex lens imaging demonstrator
CN207019869U (en) * 2017-03-08 2018-02-16 史浩洋 A kind of laboratory apparatus for measuring thin convex lens focal length

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