CN112947297B - Reciprocating type tool path planning method for processing free-form surface by ultrasonic straight-edged tool - Google Patents
Reciprocating type tool path planning method for processing free-form surface by ultrasonic straight-edged tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN112947297B CN112947297B CN202110273921.5A CN202110273921A CN112947297B CN 112947297 B CN112947297 B CN 112947297B CN 202110273921 A CN202110273921 A CN 202110273921A CN 112947297 B CN112947297 B CN 112947297B
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/19—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
- G05B2219/35349—Display part, programmed locus and tool path, traject, dynamic locus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reciprocating type tool path planning method for processing a free-form surface by an ultrasonic straight-edged tool, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: reading a CAD file of a model to be processed, and selecting a region to be processed; step two: processing programming is carried out, and the cutting mode is selected to be 'reciprocating'; step three: extending the two ends of the cutter path of single-time feed by a proper distance; step four: adding a front rake angle and a side rake angle to the straight-edged cutter; step five: generating NC codes of the first tool track; step six: changing the side inclination angle into equivalent reverse, keeping other parameters unchanged, and then generating an NC code of a second tool path; step seven: connecting the NC codes of the first tool path and the NC codes of the second tool path into a whole, and deleting redundant codes in the middle. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, according to the edge shape of the straight-edge cutter and the technological parameters of V-shaped processing, a reciprocating cutting mode is selected, and the processing efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic processing, in particular relates to a tool path planning method for ultrasonic processing of a free-form surface of a honeycomb composite material in the field of aerospace, and particularly relates to a reciprocating tool path planning method for processing a free-form surface by an ultrasonic straight-edged tool.
Background
With the continuous development of machining technology, the application range of ultrasonic-assisted machining in the machining field is continuously expanded, and the machining technology is mature day by day. For the processing of composite material parts in the aerospace field, ultrasonic auxiliary processing is an ideal processing technology. At present, the domestic research on the ultrasonic processing technology is still in an exploration stage, particularly, the research on the processing technology is very little, a complete process path planning method is not formed, and the construction of a process parameter database is also in a starting stage. In the ultrasonic-assisted machining process, a cutter for cutting is a thin-edge cutter such as a straight-edge cutter, the shape and the material removing mode of the cutter are completely different from those of a traditional milling cutter, so that a cutter path planning method in the machining process is different from that of the traditional cutter path planning method.
The advantages and disadvantages of the tool path can directly influence the processing precision and the processing efficiency, and the tool path planning mode of most of the existing tools generates more transfer points, so that the improvement of the processing speed is limited; the discontinuous machining track and the excessive transfer points can cause frequent start and stop of the motor and idle cutter walking, and the machining efficiency and the quality of workpieces are influenced. In general, the CAM system outputs a tool path, but because the CAM system is not perfect under the current technical and theoretical conditions, a low-quality processing tool path is often generated. Accordingly, a more complete solution is urgently needed to be found in the field, and the tool path planning method is researched under the condition that the special structure of the straight-edge tool is fully considered.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a reciprocating cutter path planning method for processing a free-form surface by an ultrasonic straight-edged cutter, which improves the planning problem of the cutter path of the ultrasonic straight-edged cutter in the process of process planning.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme that,
the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: reading a CAD file of a model to be processed, and selecting a region to be processed;
step two: processing programming is carried out, and the cutting mode is selected to be 'reciprocating';
step three: extending the two ends of the cutter path of single-time feed by a proper distance;
step four: adding a front rake angle and a side rake angle to the straight-edged cutter;
step five: generating NC codes of the first tool track;
step six: changing the side inclination angle into equivalent reverse, keeping other parameters unchanged, and then generating an NC code of a second tool path;
step seven: connecting the NC codes of the first tool path and the NC codes of the second tool path into a whole, and deleting redundant codes in the middle.
Preferably, the straight-edge knife is dagger-shaped, the four edge surfaces are centrosymmetric, and the front edge and the rear edge are symmetrically distributed.
Preferably, the straight-edged knife has a certain side inclination angle alpha and cutting depth a through reciprocating feed p And a step f, wherein the tool cuts into the material to a depth d (in two-dimensional projection, without regard to the forward tilt)Angle θ); the same straight-edged tool is cut back and forth twice according to the same forward inclination angle and the opposite side inclination angle (under a tool coordinate system), the cutting surface forms a V-shaped shape, and the cross section of the cutting is rhombic and inverted triangular (first line). The cutting mode has high material removing efficiency, and the single machining process does not need to change the tools, thereby improving the overall machining efficiency.
Preferably, the front and rear cutting edges of the straight-edge cutter can be used for machining, and after the straight-edge cutter is machined for a certain length, the machining of the cutting edge on the other side needs to be switched, so that the straight-edge cutter is guaranteed to be evenly worn, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged.
Preferably, the cutting depth a p For the longitudinal depth of the cutting tool cutting into the material during cutting, the calculation formula is as follows:
a p ＝d cosα-e/(2sinα)
the step distance f is the distance between adjacent cutter paths during cutting, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, the distance e is kept from the residual of the previous layer of triangle, the thickness of the straight-edged knife is 1.5-2 mm, so the distance e =1mm can be taken.
Preferably, the anteversion angle exerts a downward pressure during the machining process, and the angle is controlled between 30 degrees and 40 degrees; the roll angle is typically 30 ° in order to ensure the machining efficiency.
Preferably, the two ends of the single-time feed tool path are prolonged to reserve allowance for the swinging of the angle of the tool shaft and prevent the tool from colliding with the workpiece. The extension direction is the horizontal direction of the tail end, and the extension amount is slightly larger than the length of the cutter.
By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, according to the edge shape of the straight-edge cutter, the reciprocating cutting mode is selected by combining the technological parameters of V-shaped processing of the straight-edge cutter, so that the processing efficiency is improved; the two ends of the cutter path of single-time feeding are prolonged, so that a space can be reserved for the swinging of the angle of the cutter shaft, and the collision between the cutter and a workpiece is effectively prevented; the CAM software is used for planning the cutter path, making certain modification on the cutter path and generating NC codes, so that the process is simple and convenient for operation of engineering personnel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of the ultrasonic straight-edged blade;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a "V" shape processing;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of tool poses after addition of a rake angle and a roll angle.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the reciprocating tool path planning method for processing a free-form surface by an ultrasonic straight-edged tool in this embodiment includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: reading a CAD file of a model to be processed, and selecting an area to be processed;
step two: processing programming is carried out, and the cutting mode is selected to be 'reciprocating';
step three: extending the two ends of the cutter path with single feed by a proper distance;
step four: adding a front rake angle and a side rake angle to the straight-edged knife;
step five: generating NC codes of the first tool track;
step six: changing the side inclination angle into equivalent reverse, keeping other parameters unchanged, and then generating an NC code of a second tool path;
step seven: connecting the NC codes of the first tool path and the NC codes of the second tool path into a whole, and deleting redundant codes in the middle.
In the present embodiment, the numerical control machining program software used is UG. UG is three-dimensional parameterization software which integrates CAD, CAE and CAM and is released by EDS company. The UG numerical control processing module has a graphical window environment with friendly interface, and technicians can observe the movement condition of the cutter along the track in a graphical mode and can graphically modify the cutter: such as extending, shortening or modifying the tool path, and the like, and provides a general point location processing programming function. The interactive interface of the module can be flexibly customized and tailored according to actual requirements, the use training time is reduced, and the processing technology is optimized.
The thickness of the straight-edged blade is generally 1.5 to 2mm, so that the distance e =1mm can be adopted.
Cutting depth a p For the longitudinal depth of the cutting tool cutting into the material during cutting, the calculation formula is as follows:
a p ＝d cosα-1/(2sinα)
the step distance f is the distance between adjacent cutter paths during cutting, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in step two, in connection with the UG used, the content thereof includes:
(1) Determining parameters such as a machine tool coordinate system, a safety distance and the like;
(2) A creation process: selecting a procedure subtype 'variable profile milling';
(3) The tool path is provided with the main points: the cutter paths of different cutting layers are arranged in a staggered manner;
the used cutter is a an ancient type of spoon head type non-rotating cutter like an ultrasonic straight blade cutter, four cutting edges are centrosymmetric, and front and rear cutting edges are symmetrically distributed, as shown in fig. 2.
By reciprocating feed, the straight-edged knife has a certain side inclination angle alpha and cutting depth a p And a step f, wherein the depth of the tool cutting into the material is set as d (under two-dimensional projection, the anteversion angle theta is not considered); the same straight-edged tool is cut back and forth twice according to the same forward inclination angle and opposite side inclination angle (under a tool coordinate system), the cutting surface forms a V-shaped shape, and the cross section of the cutting is rhombic and inverted triangular (first row), as shown in figure 3.
In the fourth step, the front inclination angle is controlled at 30 °, the roll inclination angle is generally 30 °, and the tool posture is as shown in fig. 4.
In step seven, the "end program" segment of the NC code of the first tool path is deleted, the "start program" segment of the NC code of the generated second tool path is partially deleted, and then the modified NC code of the second tool path is combined into a whole after being connected to the modified NC code of the first tool path.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The reciprocating type tool path planning method for processing the free-form surface by the ultrasonic straight-edged tool is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: reading a CAD file of a model to be processed, and selecting a region to be processed;
step two: processing programming is carried out, and the cutting mode is selected to be 'reciprocating';
step three: extending the two ends of the cutter path of single-time feed by a proper distance;
step four: adding a front rake angle and a side rake angle to the straight-edged cutter;
step five: generating NC codes of the first tool track;
step six: changing the side inclination angle into equivalent reverse, keeping other parameters unchanged, and then generating an NC code of a second tool path;
step seven: connecting the NC codes of the first tool path and the NC codes of the second tool path into a whole, and deleting redundant codes in the middle;
by reciprocating feed, the straight-edged tool has a certain side inclination angle alpha and cutting depth a p And step f, cutting, wherein the depth of the tool cutting into the material is set as d; the same straight-edge cutter cuts back and forth twice according to the same front inclination angle and the opposite side inclination angle, the cutting surface forms a V shape, and the cross section of the cutting chip is rhombic and inverted triangular;
cutting depth a p For the longitudinal depth of the cutting tool cutting into the material during cutting, the calculation formula is as follows:
a p ＝d cosα-e/(2sinα)
the step distance f is the distance between adjacent cutter paths during cutting, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, the residual keeping distance from the previous layer of triangle is e.
2. The reciprocating path planning method for the ultrasonic straight-edged blade to machine the free-form surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the straight-edge knife is dagger-shaped, the centers of four edge surfaces are symmetrical, and the front edge and the rear edge are symmetrically distributed.
3. The reciprocating path planning method for the ultrasonic straight-edged blade to machine the free-form surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the front and rear cutting edges of the straight-edge cutter can be used for processing, and the cutting edge on the other side is converted for processing after the straight-edge cutter is processed for a certain length.
4. The reciprocating path planning method for the ultrasonic straight-edged blade to machine the free-form surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the front rake angle applies a downward pressure in the machining process, and the angle is controlled to be 30-40 degrees; the roll angle takes 30 °.
5. The reciprocating path planning method for the ultrasonic straight-edged blade to machine the free-form surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: the two ends of the cutter path are extended, the extension direction is the horizontal direction of the tail end, and the extension amount is larger than the length of the cutter.
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| CN114594730B (en) * | 2022-01-29 | 2023-12-01 | 大连理工大学 | Numerical control programming method for ultrasonic cutting of straight blade tip knife |
| CN114578752B (en) * | 2022-01-29 | 2024-04-05 | 大连理工大学 | Corner control method for ultrasonic cutting straight-edge sharp knife |
| CN115194831A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-10-18 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Novel wedge-shaped edge ultrasonic vibration cutting knife |
| CN116372205B (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-09-29 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Two-stage ultrasonic straight blade knife and processing method |
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