CN112946725B - Dual-energy-section pulse neutron image detection device and method - Google Patents
Dual-energy-section pulse neutron image detection device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a double-energy-section pulse neutron image detection device and a method, which solve the problem that neutron images of two energy sections which can be used for accurate comparison are difficult to obtain, and the neutron images are transmitted to a camera through an image conversion screen, a first image coupling structure, an image intensifier and a second image coupling structure and recorded. The invention additionally provides a space response uniformity calibration and time triggering system, which comprises a pulse uniform radiation source and a triggering control unit, wherein the space response uniformity of an image detection system is calibrated by using the pulse uniform radiation source, so that the image detection system provides accurate space distribution of the incident neutron flux; the triggering control unit can accurately trigger the opening time and gain coefficient of the camera and the control image intensifier so as to obtain two images in a shorter time interval; meanwhile, the sensitivity of the image enhancement type camera system in the two image acquisition processes can be controlled so as to ensure that the two images have proper exposure gray scale.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear radiation image detection, and particularly relates to a device for detecting two-energy-segment pulse neutron images based on an image enhancement camera in one pulse, in particular to a device and a method for detecting a double-energy-segment pulse neutron image, which are suitable for obtaining comparable double-energy-segment pulse neutron images in one pulse.
Background
The acquisition of the dual-energy-segment pulse neutron image which can be used for accurate comparison has important significance in the fields of neutron photographic diagnosis, inertial confinement fusion neutron image detection and the like. Currently, detection of a neutron image in a dual-energy pulse is generally achieved by using an image conversion screen, an image coupling structure and an image detection device formed by two cameras with image intensifiers, wherein the two image intensifiers have the advantage of gating the neutron image in any time period. However, since the operating states of the two cameras, such as the field size and the field orientation, cannot be identical, it is difficult to precisely compare the neutron images of the two energy segments. The recording device can also adopt a single commercial CMOS camera with an image intensifier, which is also called an ICMOS camera, the current ICMOS camera can acquire two images in a specific time period under the condition of about 500ns interval, the current ICMOS camera can be used for recording pulse neutron images in a dual-energy period, and two frames of images recorded by the single ICMOS camera have identical corresponding relation in space positions, so that conditions are provided for accurately comparing the neutron images in the two energy periods. However, CMOS cameras have pattern noise, and image quality may be affected; furthermore, the interval time between two images is usually as short as 500ns; in addition, when two images are shot, the gain of the image intensifier cannot be changed, namely the sensitivity of the camera is the same, so that two dual-energy-section pulse neutron images with larger neutron flux difference cannot be shot.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for detecting a double-energy-section pulse neutron image, which are used for solving the problems that the traditional image detection device is difficult to obtain two-energy-section neutron images which can be used for accurate comparison and the single ICMOS camera is adopted to cause poor image quality and can not shoot two double-energy-section pulse neutron images with larger neutron flux difference. The invention continuously records two images based on the combination of the short afterglow image intensifier and the CMOS camera; calibrating the spatial response uniformity of the image by using a pulse uniform radiation source to obtain more accurate spatial distribution of the incident neutron flux; the triggering control unit is utilized to accurately control the exposure time of the CMOS camera and the door opening time of the image intensifier so as to obtain two images in a shorter time interval; meanwhile, the sensitivity of the ICMOS image enhancement camera system in the two image acquisition processes can be controlled to ensure that the two images have proper exposure gray scale.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide a dual-energy section pulse neutron image detection device which comprises an image conversion screen, a first image coupling structure, an image intensifier, a second image coupling structure and a camera; the image conversion screen is used for converting the pulse neutron image into a visible light image; the first image coupling structure is used for transmitting the visible light image to the image input end of the image intensifier; the second image coupling structure is used for transmitting the output image of the image intensifier to the image input end of the camera;
the special feature is that: the system also comprises a radiation probe, a space response uniformity calibration and time triggering system and a computer;
the radiation probe is used for providing synchronous trigger signals for detecting the pulse neutron image;
the spatial response uniformity calibration and time triggering system comprises a pulse uniform radiation source and a triggering control unit which are connected with each other;
the pulse uniform radiation source is used for calibrating the spatial response uniformity of the image detection system and obtaining spatial response uniformity calibration data;
the trigger control unit comprises a signal generator and an image intensifier control circuit; the signal generator is synchronous with the pulse uniform radiation source; the signal generator is connected with the image intensifier control circuit and the camera; the image intensifier control circuit is connected with the photocathode of the image intensifier, the input end of the microchannel plate, the output end of the microchannel plate and the fluorescent screen; the signal generator is used for synchronously triggering the image intensifier control circuit and the camera according to the synchronous trigger signal sent by the radiation probe; the image intensifier control circuit is used for controlling the door opening time, the door opening width and the gain coefficient of the image intensifier according to the door opening time, the door opening width and the gain coefficient of the image intensifier corresponding to the first high-energy neutron image and the second low-energy neutron image which are determined in advance; the camera is used for synchronously exposing with the image intensifier for two times to obtain a first high-energy neutron image and a second low-energy neutron image; the computer corrects the first high-energy neutron image and the second low-energy neutron image by using the space response uniformity calibration data;
when the radiation probe receives a signal when a pulse neutron is about to arrive, the radiation probe sends a synchronous trigger signal to trigger a signal generator, and the signal generator synchronously triggers an image intensifier control circuit and a camera; the pulse neutron image is converted into a visible light image through an image conversion screen, the visible light image is transmitted to an image input end of an image intensifier through a first image coupling structure, an image intensifier control circuit controls the opening time, the opening width and the gain coefficient of the image intensifier for opening the door twice according to the opening time, the opening width and the gain coefficient of the image intensifier corresponding to the opening time, the opening width and the gain coefficient of the image intensifier, which are preset, of a first high-energy neutron image and a second low-energy neutron image, an output image of the image intensifier is transmitted to an image input end of a camera through a second image coupling structure, the camera and the image intensifier are synchronously exposed for two times, the first high-energy neutron image and the second low-energy neutron image are obtained, and a computer corrects the first high-energy neutron image and the second low-energy neutron image by using spatial response uniformity calibration data.
Further, the image intensifier control circuit described above includes a pulse signal generating unit and an image intensifier driving unit;
the pulse signal generating unit comprises a double pulse generating unit with adjustable delay pulse width and a single pulse generating unit with adjustable delay pulse width; the input ends of the double pulse generating unit with adjustable delay pulse width and the single pulse generating unit with adjustable delay pulse width are connected with the output end of the signal generator;
the image intensifier driving unit comprises a first MOS tube switching circuit and a second MOS tube switching circuit; the input end of the first MOS tube switch circuit is connected with the output end of the double-pulse generating unit with adjustable time-delay pulse width, and the input end of the second MOS tube switch circuit is connected with the output end of the single-pulse generating unit with adjustable time-delay pulse width; the output end of the first MOS tube switch circuit is connected with the photocathode of the image intensifier, and the output end of the second MOS tube switch circuit is connected with the output end of the microchannel plate of the image intensifier;
the time-delay pulse width-adjustable double-pulse generating unit outputs double-rectangular low-voltage pulses according to the preset opening time and opening width of the first high-energy neutron image and the second low-energy neutron image corresponding to the image intensifier, the double-rectangular low-voltage pulses are converted into double-rectangular negative high-voltage pulses through the first MOS tube switching circuit, the image intensifier is controlled to finish opening the door twice according to the preset opening time and opening width, the front edge of the double-rectangular negative high-voltage pulses corresponds to the opening time, and the pulse width corresponds to the opening width;
the single pulse generating unit with adjustable delay pulse width outputs a single rectangular low-voltage pulse, the single rectangular low-voltage pulse is converted into a single rectangular high-voltage pulse through the second MOS tube switching circuit, and the gain coefficient of the image intensifier is controlled when the door is opened at one time, wherein the front edge of the single rectangular high-voltage pulse corresponds to gain adjustment time, the pulse width corresponds to the duration width of gain adjustment, and the pulse amplitude corresponds to the gain coefficient; the gain coefficient when opening the door for the other time is preset by setting the initial gain high voltage of the output end of the micro-channel plate according to the detection requirement.
Further, the pulsed uniform radiation source is a radiation source or a light source.
Further, the image intensifier is an image intensifier with the afterglow time of a fluorescent screen less than 100 ns; the camera is a CMOS camera that completes switching from the end of the first frame exposure to the beginning of the second frame exposure in less than 200 ns.
Further, the image conversion screen is a scintillator, and the first image coupling structure is an imaging lens;
or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,
the image conversion screen is a scintillation fiber array, and the first image coupling structure is a light cone.
Further, the second image coupling structure is a lens or a light cone; in the case of a light cone, the image intensifier and the camera are provided with an optical fiber panel output window and an optical fiber panel input window, respectively.
The invention also provides a method for detecting the double-energy-section pulse neutron image, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1.1, fixing a pulse uniform radiation source;
step 1.2, adjusting the irradiation intensity of a pulse uniform radiation source to obtain gray values of images corresponding to different irradiation intensities, namely, spatial response uniformity calibration data;
step 2.1, determining the door opening time, the door opening width and the gain coefficient of the first high-energy neutron image and the second low-energy neutron image corresponding to the two door opening of the image intensifier according to the time relation between the flight time spectrum of the pulse neutrons and the output signals of the radiation probe; setting exposure time of the first high-energy sub-image and the second low-energy sub-image corresponding to the two exposures of the camera according to the opening time and the opening width of the image intensifier, and ensuring that after afterglow of the first high-energy sub-image output by the image intensifier is finished, exposure of a first frame image of the camera is finished, and after the exposure of the first frame image is finished, the camera waits for the set time to enter the second frame exposure;
step 2.2, when the radiation probe receives a signal which is about to arrive in a pulse neutron, a synchronous trigger signal generator is sent, the signal generator synchronously triggers an image intensifier control circuit and a camera, a pulse neutron image is converted into a visible light image through an image conversion screen, the visible light image is transmitted to an image input end of the image intensifier through a first image coupling structure, the image intensifier control circuit controls the opening time, the opening width and the gain coefficient of the image intensifier for opening the door twice according to the opening time, the opening width and the gain coefficient of the image intensifier, the output image of the image intensifier is transmitted to the image input end of the camera through a second image coupling structure, and the camera and the image intensifier are synchronously exposed for two times to obtain a first high-energy neutron image and a second low-energy neutron image;
and (3) correcting the first high-energy neutron image and the second low-energy neutron image by using the spatial response uniformity calibration data obtained in the step (1), wherein the corrected two double-energy pulse neutron images can be used for accurate comparison.
Further, step 1.1 specifically includes:
a ray source is selected as a pulse uniform radiation source, the pulse uniform radiation source is placed in front of an image conversion screen, the ray source uniformly irradiates the image conversion screen in space, and the spatial response uniformity of an image detection system comprising the image conversion screen, an image intensifier and a camera is calibrated;
or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,
selecting a light source as a pulse uniform radiation source, placing the pulse uniform radiation source in front of an image intensifier, and uniformly irradiating the light source on the image plane of the image intensifier in space; calibration includes spatial response uniformity of an image detection system in which an image intensifier and a camera are combined.
Further, in step 2.2, the image intensifier control circuit controls the door opening time, the door opening width and the gain coefficient of the image intensifier for two times according to the door opening time, the door opening width and the gain coefficient of the image intensifier corresponding to the first high-energy neutron image and the second low-energy neutron image determined in step 2.1, specifically:
the time-delay pulse width-adjustable double-pulse generating unit outputs double-rectangular low-voltage pulses according to the opening time and the opening width of the first high-energy neutron image and the second low-energy neutron image which are determined in the step 2.1 and correspond to the image intensifier, the first MOS tube switching circuit converts the double-rectangular low-voltage pulses into double-rectangular negative high-voltage pulses, the image intensifier is controlled to finish opening the door twice according to the predetermined opening time and the predetermined opening width, the front edge of the double-rectangular negative high-voltage pulses corresponds to the opening time, and the pulse width corresponds to the opening width;
the single pulse generating unit with adjustable time delay pulse width outputs a single rectangular low-voltage pulse, the single rectangular low-voltage pulse is converted into a single rectangular high-voltage pulse through the second MOS tube switching circuit, the gain coefficient of the image intensifier when the door is opened at one time is controlled, the front edge of the single rectangular high-voltage pulse corresponds to gain adjustment time, the pulse width corresponds to the duration width of gain adjustment, and the pulse amplitude corresponds to the gain coefficient determined in the step 2.1; the gain coefficient when opening the door for the other time is preset by setting the initial gain high voltage of the output end of the micro-channel plate according to the detection requirement.
Further, the step 3 specifically comprises:
and (3) obtaining two double-energy-section pulse neutron images which can accurately reflect the neutron flux spatial distribution after processing by utilizing the gray value on each pixel of the first high-energy neutron image and the second low-energy neutron image and combining the spatial response uniformity calibration data through interpolation processing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical advantages that:
in the prior art, two sets of image enhancement cameras are generally used for respectively shooting pulse neutron images of two energy sections, and the two cameras inevitably cause the corresponding difference of the spatial positions of the two images, so that the two images are difficult to accurately compare. If one ICMOS camera is selected for recording two continuous images, pulse neutron images of two energy sections with larger difference of the incident neutron flux cannot be shot, because the gains of the image intensifier are the same and cannot be changed when two images are shot; in addition, the spatial response uniformity of the whole system is not calibrated, and accurate spatial distribution of the incident neutron flux cannot be provided; meanwhile, the mode noise processing of the CMOS camera may not be fine enough, and the processing of the nonlinear response region when the image gradation is large or small is insufficient. Therefore, the invention provides a method for precisely calibrating the spatial response uniformity of a system through a pulse uniform radiation source, and precisely controlling the two-time opening time and the gain of an image intensifier through a trigger control unit, so as to obtain a precisely-compared dual-energy-segment pulse neutron image.
Compared with the prior art, the method can accurately calibrate the spatial response uniformity of the system in different source strong illumination by adjusting the intensity of the pulse uniform radiation source, and improve the consistency and the accurate comparability of detection results at different positions in space. Meanwhile, by triggering the control unit, on one hand, the exposure time of the camera and the moment and width of the image intensifier for opening the door twice can be accurately set, and the optimal configuration of the time relationship can be realized, so that the shortest interval time of the two images reaches 300ns; on the other hand, the gain high voltage of the output end of the micro-channel plate can be adjusted instantaneously, when the system sets the gain voltage for detecting one image, the detection sensitivity of the system can be adjusted instantaneously by adjusting the gain high voltage of the output end of the micro-channel plate instantaneously when the other image is detected, so that the detection sensitivity of the system is suitable for detecting the other image, and the adjustment range can be up to 1000 times at maximum. Therefore, the invention improves the comparison precision of the two double-energy-section pulse neutron images and improves the adaptability of detecting the double-energy-section pulse neutron images with larger difference of neutron flux.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dual-energy pulse neutron image detection device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an image matrix of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of an image acquired by a camera of the present invention with an image of the intensity distribution of light actually impinging on an image intensifier; wherein (a) is an original gray value image acquired by a CMOS camera; (b) Interpolation is carried out on the calibration result to give a relative light intensity space distribution image irradiated on the image intensifier;
FIG. 4 is an image intensifier control circuit of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pulsed neutron image of the invention taken at high and low energy bands.
The reference numerals in the drawings are: 1-an image conversion screen, 2-a first image coupling structure, 3-an image intensifier, 4-a second image coupling structure, 5-a camera, 6-a computer, 7-a radiation probe, 8-a space response uniformity calibration and time triggering system, 81-a pulse uniform radiation source, 82-a triggering control unit, 821-a signal generator and 822-an image intensifier control circuit;
31-fluorescent screen, 32-microchannel plate output end, 33-microchannel plate input end, 34-photocathode;
9-pulse signal generating unit, 91-single pulse generating unit with adjustable time delay pulse width, 92-double pulse generating unit with adjustable time delay pulse width;
10-image intensifier driving unit, 11-first MOS tube switch circuit, 12-second MOS tube switch circuit.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples and figures.
Referring to fig. 1, the dual-energy pulse neutron image detection device comprises an image conversion screen 1, a first image coupling structure 2, an image intensifier 3, a second image coupling structure 4, a camera 5, a computer 6, a radiation probe 7 and a spatial response uniformity calibration and time triggering system 8. The pulse neutron image is converted into a visible light image through the image conversion screen 1, the visible light image is transmitted to the image input end of the image intensifier 3 through the first image coupling structure 2, the output image of the image intensifier 3 is transmitted to the image input end of the camera 5 through the second image coupling structure 4, the camera 5 and the computer 6 perform bidirectional data transmission, specifically, the image data of the camera 5 are transmitted to the computer 6, and the computer 6 transmits command information to the camera 5. A radiation probe 7 is arranged near the beam path or source region where pulsed neutrons can be detected for providing a trigger synchronization signal for pulsed neutron image detection. The image conversion screen 1 can be a scintillator or a scintillation fiber array; when the scintillator is selected as the image conversion screen 1, the first image coupling structure 2 is an imaging lens; when the image conversion screen 1 is a scintillation fiber array, the first image coupling structure 2 is a light cone. The image intensifier 3 is an image intensifier 3 with a phosphor screen afterglow time of less than 100ns, for example, a P47 phosphor screen image intensifier 3 of Photok company can be selected, and the afterglow time is about 80ns. The second image coupling structure 4 may be a lens or a light cone, and when the second image coupling structure is a light cone, it is required to ensure that the image intensifier 3 and the camera 5 have an optical fiber panel output window and an optical fiber panel input window, respectively. Camera 5 is a CMOS camera that completes switching from the end of the first frame exposure to the beginning of the second frame exposure in less than 200 ns. For example, a CMOS camera developed based on LUXIMA model number LUX1310 chip may be used.
The spatial response uniformity calibration and time trigger system 8 includes a pulsed uniform radiation source 81 and a trigger control unit 82; the pulsed uniform radiation source 81 is connected to the trigger control unit 82 for calibrating the spatial response uniformity of the image detection system so that the image detection system provides an accurate spatial distribution of neutron flux. The trigger control unit 82 includes a signal generator 821 and an image intensifier control circuit 822. The signal generator 821 is synchronized with the pulse uniform radiation source 81, specifically, when the pulse uniform radiation source 81 cannot be triggered externally, but the synchronous characteristic signal output can be provided before the pulse radiation source irradiates, the signal generator 821 can be triggered by the synchronous characteristic signal of the pulse uniform radiation source 81; when the pulse uniform radiation source 81 has an external trigger function and can be precisely synchronized with an external trigger signal, the pulse uniform radiation source 81 may be triggered by the signal generator 821. The signal generator 821 is connected to the image intensifier control circuit 822 and the camera 5, and supplies a synchronization trigger signal of the image intensifier control circuit 822 and the camera 5.
As shown in fig. 4, the image intensifier control circuit 822 includes a pulse signal generating unit 9 and an image intensifier driving unit 10; the pulse signal generating unit 9 includes a double pulse generating unit 92 whose delay pulse width is adjustable and a single pulse generating unit 91 whose delay pulse width is adjustable. May be implemented using a 74LS221 monostable chip or FPGA. The image intensifier driving unit 10 includes a first MOS transistor switch circuit 11 and a second MOS transistor switch circuit 12. The input end of the first MOS tube switch circuit 11 is connected with the output end of the double pulse generating unit 92 with adjustable time-delay pulse width, and the output end is connected with the photocathode 34 of the image intensifier 3; the input end of the second MOS transistor switch circuit 12 is connected with the output end of the single pulse generating unit 91 with adjustable time-delay pulse width, and the output end is connected with the micro-channel plate output end 32 of the image intensifier 3.
The double-pulse generating unit 92 with adjustable delay pulse width outputs double-rectangular low-voltage pulses, the double-rectangular low-voltage pulses are converted into double-rectangular negative high-voltage pulses through the first MOS tube switching circuit, and the image intensifier 3 is controlled to finish opening the door twice according to the preset door opening time and door opening width; when the voltage output to the photocathode 34 by the first MOS transistor switching circuit is 0V, the image intensifier 3 is closed, and when the voltage is-250V, the image intensifier 3 is opened.
The single pulse generating unit 91 with adjustable delay pulse width outputs a single rectangular low voltage pulse according to a predetermined gain adjustment time and a duration width of gain adjustment, sets a single rectangular high voltage pulse amplitude according to a predetermined gain coefficient, converts the single rectangular low voltage pulse into a single rectangular negative high voltage pulse through the second MOS transistor switch circuit 12, controls the gain coefficient (same as the predetermined gain coefficient) of the image intensifier 3 when the door is opened at one time, and can be preset by setting the initial gain high voltage of the microchannel plate output end 32 when the door is opened at the other time according to detection needs. The second MOS transistor switch circuit outputs a rectangular negative high voltage pulse to the microchannel plate output end 32, and can instantaneously lower the gain coefficient of the image intensifier 3, when the voltage output to the microchannel plate output end 32 by the second MOS transistor switch circuit is 0V, the gain coefficient of the image intensifier 3 is unchanged, and when the voltage is a certain negative pressure between 0 and-500V, the gain coefficient of the image intensifier 3 is reduced, and the reduced gain coefficient corresponds to the negative pressure amplitude. The initial voltage of the microchannel plate output end 32 relative to the ground potential can be adjusted between 500V and 1000V, and the initial voltage is used for setting the gain of the microchannel plate in an initial state, when the second MOS switch circuit 12 outputs a rectangular negative high-voltage pulse with adjustable amplitude of 0V to-500V, the gain of the image enhancement is instantly reduced, the gain of the image enhancer 3 can only be instantly reduced according to the scheme provided at present, and the gain corresponding to one image of the two images can be selected for reduction adjustment according to the actual situation. It should be noted that it is technically feasible to use rectangular positive high voltage pulses for gain adjustment, i.e. to select a gain corresponding to one of the two images for gain increase adjustment according to the actual situation. When the test is performed on the stigmata image intensifier 3, after the second MOS transistor switch circuit 12 outputs the negative high voltage for 75ns, the gain adjustment of the image intensifier 3 is completed, so that the sensitivity of the image detection system can be adjusted instantaneously when a certain sub-image intensifier 3 is opened according to the requirement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can precisely control the exposure time of the camera 5 and the moment and width of the image intensifier 3 when opening the door twice by triggering the control unit 82, so that the optimal configuration of the time relationship can be realized, and the shortest interval time of the two images can reach 300ns; on the other hand, the gain high voltage of the microchannel plate output end 32 can be adjusted instantaneously, when the system sets the gain voltage for detecting one image, the detection sensitivity of the system can be adjusted instantaneously by adjusting the gain high voltage of the microchannel plate output end 32 instantaneously when detecting the other image, so as to adapt to the detection of the other image, and the adjustment range can be up to 1000 times at maximum. Therefore, the invention improves the comparison precision of the two double-energy-section neutron images and improves the adaptability of the double-energy-section neutron image detection with larger neutron flux difference.
The invention can also accurately calibrate the uniformity of the system space response in different source strong illumination by adjusting the intensity of the pulse uniform radiation source 81, thereby improving the consistency and the accurate comparability of the detection results at different positions in space.
The pulsed uniform radiation source 81 of the present invention may be a radiation source or a light source, and when it is a radiation source, is placed in front of the image conversion screen 1, the radiation source is uniformly illuminated on the image conversion screen 1 spatially, so that the spatial response uniformity of the whole system can be calibrated, and when it is a light source, is placed in front of the image intensifier 3, the light source is uniformly illuminated on the image plane of the image intensifier 3 spatially, so that the spatial response uniformity of the image detection system in which the image intensifier 3 and the camera 5 are combined can be calibrated.
The calibration process of the system space response uniformity is as follows: first, a pulsed homogeneous radiation source 81 is placed in a suitable position in front of the image conversion screen 1 if the radiation source is a radiation source and in front of the image intensifier 3 if the radiation source is a light source. Secondly, setting proper opening time, opening width and gain coefficient of the image intensifier 3 according to the irradiation time of the pulse uniform radiation source, and setting proper exposure time of the camera 5 to ensure that the gray scale of the acquired image is close to saturation when the radiation source intensity is maximum, wherein the gain coefficient of the image intensifier 3 needs to be set as the gain coefficient when formally detecting the pulse neutron image as much as possible, because the spatial response uniformity of the image intensifier 3 is slightly different under different gain conditions. Finally, the intensity of the radiation source is adjusted through the attenuation sheet and distance adjustment, and image data under different intensities are obtained and used as calibration data of the spatial response uniformity of the system. The image gray scale is close to saturation and the image gray scale is background data, and the image gray scale is background data corresponding to zero radiation source intensity. The radiation source intensity is preferably attenuated gradually according to equal multiples, such as 2 times or 1.5 times, so that the image can find two effective gray data in a multiple interval for comparison correction in a larger dynamic range.
The calibration result of the system space response uniformity is used as follows: as shown in fig. 2, the obtained image can be regarded as an m×n matrix, and the gray value of each pixel is represented by adu i,j And (3) representing that i takes values from 1 to m, and j takes values from 1 to n. Since the uniform source of radiation is applied to the image detection system, each pixel receives the same intensity of illumination, denoted by I, and a series of intensities I are selected k Wherein k is a value from 1 to s, the intensity is gradually increased, I 1 When no illumination intensity exists, the corresponding image gray scale is background data, I s The intensity of the illumination corresponds to the gray value of the acquired image approaching saturation. Thus corresponding to each illumination intensity I k Each pixel corresponds to a gray value adu i,j _I k . When the neutron image is obtained by system detection, the gray value of the image is assumed to be img i,j Intensity I of illumination on each pixel i,j Combinable spatial response uniformity calibration results I k And the corresponding gray adu i,j _I k Obtained by interpolation, compared with the image img obtained directly i,j ，I i,j More truly reflects the spatial distribution of neutron flux impinging on each pixel.
According to the calibration process of the system space response uniformity, when the pulse uniform radiation source 81 is selected as a light source to irradiate the image intensifier 3 for space response uniformity calibration, after calibration, the image intensifier 3 is irradiated by a uniform source with specific intensity to obtain an original gray value image, as shown in (a) of fig. 3, vertical stripes in the image are caused by mode noise of the CMOS camera 5, and the calibration result is used for interpolation to give a relative light intensity space distribution image irradiated on the image intensifier 3, as shown in (b) of fig. 3, and the result reflects the uniform light intensity space distribution irradiated on the image intensifier 3. The two images give a comparison of the image acquired by the camera 5 with the image of the light intensity distribution actually impinging on the image intensifier 3.
In a specific experiment, referring to fig. 5, taking a pulse neutron image of a high energy section and a low energy section taken at a 76m measuring point of a spallation neutron source in China as an example for explanation, fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a gamma signal and a neutron signal at the measuring point. Before the experiment starts, a light source is selected as a pulse uniform radiation source 81, and the spatial response uniformity of an image detection system formed by the image intensifier 3 and the camera 5 is calibrated. The radiation probe 7 employs a detector of ST401 scintillator in combination with 9815 photomultiplier, placed on the beam path and after the image detection system, the gamma signal waveform detected by the detector is used to trigger the signal generator 821, the signal generator 821 triggers the image intensifier control circuit 822 and the camera 5. The trigger image booster control circuit 822 needs two signals, one is used for triggering the double pulse generating unit 92 with adjustable delay pulse width, and the other is used for triggering the single pulse generating unit 91 with adjustable delay pulse width. The method for setting the door opening time and the door opening width of the image intensifier 3 for opening the door twice according to the energy intervals of the high-energy section and the low-energy section corresponding to the shot image is as follows, assuming that neutron energy corresponding to the neutron image of the first high-energy section is from EH1 to EH2, EH1 is less than EH2, and neutron energy corresponding to the neutron image of the second low-energy section is from EL1 to EL2, EL1<EL2. The time of flight of neutrons can be calculated using the following formula which, when the relativistic effects are not considered,
in considering relativistic effects ++>
Wherein t is n The unit is ns, L is neutron flight distance, m and E n Neutron energy in MeV; the time of flight of gamma can be calculated using the formula t γ =l/c, where t γ The gamma flight time is given in ns, the L is the gamma flight distance, the m is given in c is the gamma flight speed, i.e. the speed of light, the m/ns is given in m/c, based on the above conditions,the neutron flight time difference corresponding to the opening width of the image intensifier 3 of the first image is EH1 and EH2, and is +.>
The second image has an image enhancement door opening width of EL1 and EL2 corresponding to neutron flight time difference of two energy values, which is
According to the difference between neutron flight time and gamma flight time of energy EH1 at the measuring point, +.>
The moment of opening the door of the first image intensifier 3 can be determined, according to the difference between the neutron time of flight and the gamma time of flight of the energy EL1 at the measuring point, < >>
The moment of opening the door of the second image intensifier 3 can be determined. According to neutron flux to be shot, setting a gain coefficient when two images are shot, setting the gain coefficient by directly setting a high voltage amplitude value loaded at the output end 32 of the microchannel plate at initial time by the image with high gain, setting the gain coefficient by setting a rectangular negative high voltage pulse amplitude value output by the second MOS tube switch circuit 12 by the image with low gain, and simultaneously, taking care that the time for outputting the rectangular negative high voltage by the second MOS tube switch circuit 12 is synchronous with the door opening time and the door opening width of the image intensifier 3 of the image with the adjusted gain, the time for outputting the negative high voltage is earlier than the door opening time by 75ns, and the time for outputting the negative high voltage can be the same as the door closing time. The exposure time of the two images of the camera 5 is set according to the opening time and the opening width of the image intensifier 3, so that the exposure of the first frame image of the CMOS camera 5 is ensured to be finished after the afterglow of the first image output by the image intensifier 3 is finished, and the CMOS camera 5 waits for 200ns to enter the second frame exposure after the exposure of the first frame image is finished, therefore, the time from the opening of the first image of the image intensifier 3 to the opening of the second image is required to wait for 300ns at least, and the time is that two images are shotMinimum separation time of sub-images in the amplitude dual-band pulse. In order to avoid radiation of the beam path from affecting devices such as the image intensifier 3 and the camera 5, a reflecting mirror can be added in the first image coupling structure 2 to enable the light path to be reflected vertically, so that the image intensifier 3 and the camera 5 are ensured to be far away from the beam path. In the experiment, since gamma photons reach the radiation probe 7 before neutrons, the radiation probe 7 triggers the signal generator 821 when receiving gamma signals, the signal generator 821 triggers the image intensifier control circuit 822 and the camera 5, the image intensifier control circuit 822 controls the door opening time, the door opening width and the gain of two images of the image intensifier 3, the camera 5 obtains a first high-energy neutron image and a second low-energy neutron image through exposure in proper time, the two images are processed by using system space response uniformity calibration data calibrated before the experiment, and the processed two dual-energy pulse neutron images can be used for accurate comparison.
Claims (10)
1. A dual-energy-segment pulse neutron image detection device comprises an image conversion screen (1), a first image coupling structure (2), an image enhancer (3), a second image coupling structure (4) and a camera (5); the image conversion screen (1) is used for converting the pulse neutron image into a visible light image; the first image coupling structure (2) is used for transmitting the visible light image to the image input end of the image intensifier (3); the second image coupling structure (4) is used for transmitting the output image of the image intensifier (3) to the image input end of the camera (5);
the method is characterized in that: the system also comprises a radiation probe (7), a space response uniformity calibration and time triggering system (8) and a computer (6);
the radiation probe (7) is used for providing synchronous trigger signals for pulse neutron image detection;
the spatial response uniformity calibration and time triggering system (8) comprises a pulse uniform radiation source (81) and a triggering control unit (82) which are connected with each other;
the pulse uniform radiation source (81) is used for calibrating the spatial response uniformity of the image detection system and obtaining spatial response uniformity calibration data;
the trigger control unit (82) comprises a signal generator (821) and an image intensifier control circuit (822); the signal generator (821) is synchronized with the pulsed homogeneous radiation source (81); the signal generator (821) is connected with the image intensifier control circuit (822) and the camera (5); the image intensifier control circuit (822) is connected with a photocathode (34), a microchannel plate input end (33), a microchannel plate output end (32) and a fluorescent screen (31) of the image intensifier (3); the signal generator (821) is used for synchronously triggering the image intensifier control circuit (822) and the camera (5) according to the synchronous trigger signal sent by the radiation probe (7); the image intensifier control circuit (822) is used for controlling the door opening time, the door opening width and the gain coefficient of the image intensifier (3) for two times according to the door opening time, the door opening width and the gain coefficient of the image intensifier (3) corresponding to the first high-energy neutron image and the second low-energy neutron image which are determined in advance; the camera (5) is used for synchronously exposing with the image intensifier (3) twice to obtain a first high-energy neutron image and a second low-energy neutron image; the computer (6) corrects the first high-energy neutron image and the second low-energy neutron image by using the spatial response uniformity calibration data;
when the radiation probe (7) receives a signal when a pulse neutron is about to arrive, the radiation probe transmits a synchronous trigger signal to trigger the signal generator (821), and the signal generator (821) synchronously triggers the image intensifier control circuit (822) and the camera (5); the pulse neutron image is converted into a visible light image through an image conversion screen (1), the visible light image is transmitted to an image input end of an image intensifier (3) through a first image coupling structure (2), an image intensifier control circuit (822) corresponds to the opening time, the opening width and the gain coefficient of the image intensifier (3) according to a first high-energy neutron image and a second low-energy neutron image which are determined in advance, the opening time, the opening width and the gain coefficient of the image intensifier (3) are controlled, the output image of the image intensifier (3) is transmitted to the image input end of a camera (5) through a second image coupling structure (4), the camera (5) and the image intensifier (3) are synchronously exposed for two times, and the first high-energy neutron image and the second low-energy neutron image are obtained.
2. The dual-energy pulsed neutron image detection device of claim 1, wherein: the image intensifier control circuit (822) comprises a pulse signal generating unit (9) and an image intensifier driving unit (10);
the pulse signal generating unit (9) comprises a double pulse generating unit (92) with adjustable time delay pulse width and a single pulse generating unit (91) with adjustable time delay pulse width; the input ends of the double pulse generating unit (92) with adjustable time-delay pulse width and the single pulse generating unit (91) with adjustable time-delay pulse width are connected with the output end of the signal generator (821);
the image intensifier driving unit (10) comprises a first MOS tube switching circuit (11) and a second MOS tube switching circuit (12); the input end of the first MOS tube switch circuit (11) is connected with the output end of the double-pulse generating unit (92) with adjustable time-delay pulse width, and the input end of the second MOS tube switch circuit (12) is connected with the output end of the single-pulse generating unit (91) with adjustable time-delay pulse width; the output end of the first MOS tube switching circuit (11) is connected with a photocathode (34) of the image intensifier (3), and the output end of the second MOS tube switching circuit (12) is connected with a microchannel plate output end (32) of the image intensifier (3);
the time-delay pulse width-adjustable double-pulse generating unit (92) outputs double-rectangular low-voltage pulses according to the preset opening time and opening width of the first high-energy neutron image and the second low-energy neutron image corresponding to the image intensifier (3), the double-rectangular low-voltage pulses are converted into double-rectangular negative high-voltage pulses through the first MOS tube switching circuit (11), the image intensifier (3) is controlled to open the door twice according to the preset opening time and opening width, wherein the front edge of the double-rectangular negative high-voltage pulses corresponds to the opening time and the pulse width corresponds to the opening width;
the single pulse generating unit (91) with adjustable delay pulse width outputs single rectangular low-voltage pulse, the single rectangular low-voltage pulse is converted into single rectangular negative high-voltage pulse through the second MOS tube switching circuit (12), the gain coefficient of the image intensifier (3) during one time of door opening is controlled, the front edge of the single rectangular negative high-voltage pulse corresponds to gain adjustment time, the pulse width corresponds to the duration width of gain adjustment, and the pulse amplitude corresponds to the gain coefficient;
the gain coefficient when the door is opened for the other time is preset by setting the initial gain high voltage of the microchannel plate output end (32) according to the detection requirement.
3. The dual-energy pulsed neutron image detection device of claim 2, wherein: the pulse uniform radiation source (81) is a ray source or a light source.
4. A dual-energy pulsed neutron image detection device according to any of claims 1-3, wherein: the image intensifier (3) is an image intensifier with the afterglow time of a fluorescent screen less than 100 ns; the camera (5) is a CMOS camera that completes switching from the end of the first frame exposure to the beginning of the second frame exposure in less than 200 ns.
5. The dual-energy pulsed neutron image detection device of claim 4, wherein: the image conversion screen (1) is a scintillator, and the first image coupling structure (2) is an imaging lens;
or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,
the image conversion screen (1) is a scintillation fiber array, and the first image coupling structure (2) is a light cone.
6. The dual-energy pulsed neutron image detection device of claim 5, wherein: the second image coupling structure (4) is a lens or a light cone; in the case of light cone, the image intensifier (3) and the camera (5) are respectively provided with an optical fiber panel output window and an optical fiber panel input window.
7. A method for detecting a dual-energy pulse neutron image, which is characterized by comprising the following steps based on the dual-energy pulse neutron image detection device as claimed in claim 1:
step 1, calibrating to obtain space response uniformity calibration data;
step 1.1, fixing a pulse uniform radiation source (81);
step 1.2, adjusting the irradiation intensity of a pulse uniform radiation source (81) to obtain gray values of images corresponding to different irradiation intensities, namely, spatial response uniformity calibration data;
step 2, detecting;
step 2.1, determining the door opening time, the door opening width and the gain coefficient of the first high-energy neutron image and the second low-energy neutron image corresponding to the image intensifier (3) for opening the door twice according to the time spectrum of the pulse neutrons and the time relation between the pulse neutron flight time spectrum and the output signal of the radiation probe (7); setting exposure time of the first high-energy sub-image and the second low-energy sub-image corresponding to the camera (5) for two exposures according to the opening time and the opening width of the image intensifier (3), and ensuring that after afterglow of the first high-energy sub-image output by the image intensifier (3) is finished, exposure of a first frame image of the camera (5) is finished, and after the exposure of the first frame image is finished, the camera (5) waits for the set time to enter a second frame exposure;
step 2.2, when the radiation probe (7) receives a signal about to arrive in a pulse neutron, a synchronous trigger signal generator (821) is sent, the signal generator (821) synchronously triggers an image intensifier control circuit (822) and a camera (5), a pulse neutron image is converted into a visible light image through an image conversion screen (1), the visible light image is transmitted to an image input end of an image intensifier (3) through a first image coupling structure (2), the image intensifier control circuit (822) controls the opening time, the opening width and the gain coefficient of the image intensifier (3) for two times according to the opening time, the opening width and the gain coefficient of the image intensifier (3), an output image of the image intensifier (3) is transmitted to the image input end of the camera (5) through a second image coupling structure (4), and the camera (5) and the image intensifier (3) are synchronously exposed twice to obtain a first high-energy neutron image and a second low-energy neutron image;
step 3, correcting the image by using the spatial response uniformity calibration data;
and (3) correcting the first high-energy neutron image and the second low-energy neutron image by using the spatial response uniformity calibration data obtained in the step (1), wherein the corrected two double-energy pulse neutron images can be used for accurate comparison.
8. The method of dual-energy pulsed neutron image detection of claim 7, wherein step 1.1 is specifically:
a ray source is selected as a pulse uniform radiation source (81), the pulse uniform radiation source (81) is placed in front of the image conversion screen (1), the ray source uniformly irradiates the image conversion screen (1) in space, and the spatial response uniformity of an image detection system comprising the image conversion screen (1), an image intensifier (3) and a camera (5) is calibrated;
or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,
selecting a light source as a pulse uniform radiation source (81), placing the pulse uniform radiation source (81) in front of the image intensifier (3), and uniformly irradiating the light source on the image plane of the image intensifier (3) in space; calibration includes spatial response uniformity of an image detection system in which an image intensifier (3) and a camera (5) are combined.
9. The method of dual-energy pulsed neutron image detection according to claim 7, wherein,
in step 2.2, the image intensifier control circuit (822) controls the door opening time, the door opening width and the gain coefficient of the image intensifier (3) to open the door twice according to the door opening time, the door opening width and the gain coefficient of the image intensifier (3) corresponding to the first high-energy neutron image and the second low-energy neutron image determined in step 2.1, specifically:
the time-delay pulse width-adjustable double-pulse generating unit (92) outputs double-rectangular low-voltage pulses according to the opening time and the opening width of the first high-energy neutron image and the second low-energy neutron image which are determined in the step 2.1 and correspond to the image intensifier (3), the first MOS tube switching circuit (11) converts the double-rectangular low-voltage pulses into double-rectangular negative high-voltage pulses, the image intensifier (3) is controlled to complete two opening according to the predetermined opening time and the predetermined opening width, the front edge of the double-rectangular negative high-voltage pulses corresponds to the opening time, and the pulse width corresponds to the opening width;
the single pulse generating unit (91) with adjustable time delay pulse width outputs a single rectangular low-voltage pulse, the single rectangular low-voltage pulse is converted into a single rectangular negative high-voltage pulse through the second MOS tube switching circuit (12), and the gain coefficient of the image intensifier (3) when the door is opened at one time is controlled; wherein the front edge of the single rectangular negative high voltage pulse corresponds to the gain adjustment moment, the pulse width corresponds to the duration width of the gain adjustment, and the pulse amplitude corresponds to the gain coefficient determined in the step 2.1; the gain coefficient when the door is opened for the other time is preset by setting the initial gain high voltage of the microchannel plate output end (32) according to the detection requirement.
10. The method of dual-energy pulsed neutron image detection according to any one of claims 7-9, wherein step 3 is specifically:
and (3) obtaining two double-energy-section pulse neutron images which can accurately reflect the neutron flux spatial distribution after processing by utilizing the gray value on each pixel of the first high-energy neutron image and the second low-energy neutron image and combining the spatial response uniformity calibration data through interpolation processing.
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