CN112946379B - Electromagnetic signal injection vehicle-mounted Ethernet harness and testing method - Google Patents
Electromagnetic signal injection vehicle-mounted Ethernet harness and testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112946379B CN112946379B CN202110055193.0A CN202110055193A CN112946379B CN 112946379 B CN112946379 B CN 112946379B CN 202110055193 A CN202110055193 A CN 202110055193A CN 112946379 B CN112946379 B CN 112946379B
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
The invention provides an electromagnetic signal injection vehicle-mounted Ethernet harness and a testing method, comprising the following steps: s1, arranging a wire harness transmission characteristic test system; s2, injecting electromagnetic signals into the wire harness, and obtaining a wire harness transmission characteristic parameter test result through a wire harness transmission characteristic test system. The electromagnetic signals are actual external electromagnetic signals, are generated by a complex electromagnetic environment playback system, and are injected into the wire harness to be tested through the BCI probe. According to the invention, various vehicle-mounted Ethernet cable harnesses are taken as research objects, the network analyzer is adopted to measure the change of transmission characteristic parameters of the cable harnesses in real time, and the corresponding relation between a standard heavy current injection method, an external complex electromagnetic environment BCI (binary coded decimal) injection harness method and the characteristic parameters of the cable harnesses is researched; the method for injecting the complex electromagnetic signals in the actual environment into the vehicle-mounted Ethernet wire harness is provided for enterprises or laboratories, and a reference basis is provided for researching the immunity of the vehicle-mounted Ethernet wire harness in the actual environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic compatibility testing, and particularly relates to an electromagnetic signal injection vehicle-mounted Ethernet harness and a testing method.
Background
The wireless communication connection mainly comprising GPS, V2X and 3G/4G has opened the way for connecting the automobile with the outside, the connection mode inside the automobile is also urgently needed to be upgraded, and a plurality of domestic and foreign automobile enterprises aim at the on-board Ethernet communication technology. Because the traditional CAN bus cannot meet the increasing vehicle function requirements, and the vehicle-mounted Ethernet communication has the advantages of high bandwidth, low cost, low delay and the like, the vehicle-mounted Ethernet communication is favored in industry.
However, the reliability and the safety of the electromagnetic compatibility of the information transmission system need to be further verified, but the related testing method has no mature standard for reference. Therefore, a set of effective testing methods for electromagnetic interference resistance of the Ethernet harness needs to be studied.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a testing method for injecting electromagnetic signals into a vehicle-mounted ethernet harness, so as to provide a reference for researching the noise immunity of the vehicle-mounted ethernet harness.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an electromagnetic signal injection vehicle-mounted Ethernet harness and a testing method thereof, comprising the following steps:
s1, arranging a wire harness transmission characteristic test system;
s2, injecting electromagnetic signals into the wire harness, and obtaining a wire harness transmission characteristic parameter test result through a wire harness transmission characteristic test system.
Further, the wire harness transmission characteristic testing system comprises a vector network analyzer and a testing clamp, wherein an input port and an output port of a wire harness to be tested are connected to one end of the testing clamp, and the other end of the testing clamp is connected with the vector network analyzer through a calibration line signal.
Further, the electromagnetic signal is a standard interference signal, is generated by a BCI test system and is injected into the wire harness to be tested through a BCI probe; the BCI test system comprises a signal source and a power amplifier which are connected through signals, wherein the power amplifier is connected with a BCI probe through signals, and the BCI probe is of an annular structure and is sleeved on the outer side of a wire harness to be tested.
Further, the electromagnetic signal is an actual external electromagnetic signal, is generated by a complex electromagnetic environment playback system, and is injected into the wire harness to be tested through the BCI probe; the complex electromagnetic environment playback system comprises an IQR data recorder, a signal source and a power amplifier which are sequentially connected in a signal mode, wherein the power amplifier is connected with a BCI probe in a ring-shaped structure, and the BCI probe is sleeved on the outer side of a wire harness to be tested; stored in the IQR data recorder is an actual external electromagnetic environment signal acquired.
Further, the wire harness transmission characteristic parameters include:
parameter S11, which indicates the magnitude of the reflection component of the transmitting-end signal;
parameters S12 or S21 represent the feed loss of the signals at the transmitting end and the receiving end;
parameter Sdd, representing differential signal input, differential signal output;
parameter Sdc represents differential signal input, common mode signal output.
Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, various vehicle-mounted Ethernet cable harnesses are taken as research objects, the network analyzer is adopted to measure the change of transmission characteristic parameters of the cable harnesses in real time, and the corresponding relation between a standard heavy current injection method, an external complex electromagnetic environment BCI (binary coded decimal) injection harness method and the characteristic parameters of the cable harnesses is researched; the method for injecting the complex electromagnetic signals in the actual environment into the vehicle-mounted Ethernet wire harness is provided for enterprises or laboratories, and a reference basis is provided for researching the immunity of the vehicle-mounted Ethernet wire harness in the actual environment.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a wiring harness transmission characteristic test system layout;
FIG. 2 is a field layout of a wiring harness;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a standard BCI signal injection harness test system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an actual external electromagnetic signal injection harness test system;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a change of transmission characteristic parameters of a wire harness at 1 meter;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a change of transmission characteristic parameters of a wire harness at 2 meters;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a change of transmission characteristic parameters of a wire harness at 3 meters;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a change of transmission characteristic parameters of a wire harness at 5 meters;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a change of transmission characteristic parameters at 7 m of the wire harness;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a change of transmission characteristic parameters of a wire harness at 10 meters;
FIG. 11 is a graph of test results for a non-shielding layer harness standard BCI interference signal harness injection;
FIG. 12 is a graph of test results when a single layer aluminum foil shield plus ground standard BCI interference signal is injected;
FIG. 13 is a graph of test results for a 35% single aluminum foil braided wire harness standard BCI interference signal injection;
FIG. 14 is a graph of test results for a single aluminum foil 65% braided wire harness standard BCI interference signal injection;
FIG. 15 is a graph of test results for single aluminum foil 95% braided wire harness standard BCI interference signal injection;
FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the variation of transmission characteristic parameters during injection of a standard BCI interference signal for a double aluminum foil 90% braided wire harness;
FIG. 17 is a graph of test results when non-shielding layer-Zhejiang Jinhua electromagnetic environment is infused;
FIG. 18 is a graph of test results when a single layer aluminum foil shield is used with ground wire-Zhejiang Jinhua electromagnetic environment is injected;
fig. 19 is a graph of test results of 35% braiding of a single layer aluminum foil for electromagnetic environment injection in beijing hills;
FIG. 20 is a graph of test results of a 65% weave of a single layer aluminum foil for electromagnetic environmental infusion in Beijing hills;
FIG. 21 is a graph of test results of 95% braid-Tianjin electromagnetic environment infusion of a single layer aluminum foil;
fig. 22 is a graph of test results when double layer aluminum foil is 95% woven-Tianjin electromagnetic environment is infused.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
According to the invention, various types of Ethernet wire bundles are taken as research objects, the network analyzer is adopted to measure the change of transmission characteristic parameters of the Ethernet wire bundles in real time, and the corresponding relation between the standard heavy current injection method (BCI), the external complex electromagnetic environment BCI injection wire bundle method and the characteristic parameters of the wire bundles is researched.
The method aims at providing a method for injecting complex electromagnetic signals in an actual environment into the vehicle-mounted Ethernet wire harness for enterprises or laboratories and providing a reference basis for researching the immunity of the vehicle-mounted Ethernet wire harness in the actual environment.
1. Basic transmission characteristics of Ethernet harness
The transmission characteristics of the ethernet harness are generally characterized by an S parameter, the characteristics of a single ethernet harness are represented by S11, S21, the characteristic relationships of the two harnesses are represented by S31, S41, and the signal components of the different modes (differential mode and common mode) are represented by Sdd, scc, scd, sdc.
The main test object of the invention is a vehicle-mounted Ethernet harness similar to a vehicle-mounted CAN harness, which is of a twisted pair structure, and signals of the vehicle-mounted Ethernet harness also relate to common mode signals and differential mode signals. Therefore, the invention indirectly demonstrates the transmission performance of the vehicle-mounted Ethernet harness by researching four transmission characteristic parameters of Sdd11, sdd12, sdc11 and Sdc 12.
The meaning of the S parameter related to the invention is as follows:
s11 represents the magnitude of the signal reflection component at the transmitting end, and the closer the value is to 0 (the general wire harness is-25 dB to-40 dB), the smaller the reflection energy in the transmission process is, which is also called the input reflection coefficient or return loss.
S12 or S21 represents the feed loss of the signals at the transmitting end and the receiving end, and the closer the value is to 1, the smaller the energy loss in the transmission process, also called forward penetration coefficient or insertion loss.
Sdd denotes a differential signal input, a differential signal output.
Sdc denotes a differential signal input, a common mode signal output.
2. Transmission characteristic test scheme design of Ethernet harness
The vehicle-mounted Ethernet harness is a twisted pair and is provided with two input ports and two output ports, so that the selected testing instrument is a network analyzer with at least four ports, and meanwhile, a proper testing clamp is selected. Good contact is critical to the accuracy of the test results of the wiring harness, so the invention lays the tested Ethernet wiring harness on a test table, and is not bendable or strapped.
The transmission characteristic test arrangement of the ethernet harness is as shown in fig. 1, and integrally includes four parts: the vector network analyzer comprises four calibration lines, a set of test fixture and a tested Ethernet harness.
To verify the variability between the performance of different types of ethernet harnesses, 6 different configurations of harnesses were selected, see in particular table 1.
TABLE 1 type of wire harness
In the wiring harness arrangement process, the wiring harnesses are laid on a tabletop in a straight and orderly manner as much as possible, so that energy loss is minimized, the accuracy of a test result is ensured, and the wiring harness arrangement diagram is shown in fig. 2 and is an Ethernet wiring harness test arrangement diagram with the length of 10 meters.
3. Harness electromagnetic immunity (BCI) test scheme design
At present, the national standard GB/T33012.4-2016 part 4 of an anti-interference test method of road vehicle for narrowband radiant electromagnetic energy: the large current injection method is a very mature standard, but interference signals involved in the standard are all standard signals (AM, PM), and actual external electromagnetic signals have more practical significance on beam interference.
In order to study the transmission parameter characteristics and the wire harness performance of the wire harness in the complex electromagnetic environment in the vehicle, the section not only researches a standard BCI method, but also provides a research scheme that actual external complex electromagnetic environment signals are injected into the wire harness in a BCI mode.
3.1 standard BCI signal injection harness scheme
In the standard high-current injection method, a wire harness is used as a part of the tested equipment, and the function in the test is mainly to monitor whether the working state of the tested equipment is abnormal or not. The object of the invention is the wire harness itself, so that the performance of the wire harness is monitored by means of the system built in section 1 when an interference signal is injected into the wire harness. A specific system arrangement is shown in fig. 3.
The BCI test system mainly comprises a signal source and a power amplifier, standard signals are injected into a wire harness through a BCI probe according to certain power requirements, and three power levels of 15mA,25mA and 30mA are selected in consideration of small power bearable by a network.
3.2 actual external electromagnetic Signal injection harness scheme
Similar to the 3.1 test system, the actual external electromagnetic signals are stored in the IQR data logger, and the external actual electromagnetic signals are injected into the harness by BCI through joint debugging between the signal source (SMBV 100A) instruments, as shown in fig. 4.
Before conducting the test, it is necessary to collect the electromagnetic environment into the IQR data logger to a typical site. The invention is not repeated.
Three typical locations selected by the present invention are shown in Table 2 below:
TABLE 2 selection of external electromagnetic Environment sites
4 experiment verification and conclusion
4.1 correspondence between transmission characteristics of wire harness and wire harness length
Because the types of the wire harnesses are more, only the transmission characteristic test result of one wire harness is listed, the trend of other types of wire harnesses is consistent,
taking the non-shielding layer wire harness as an example, the lengths of the wire harnesses are respectively 1 meter, 2 meters, 3 meters, 5 meters, 7 meters and 10 meters, and fig. 5-10 respectively show the change condition of transmission characteristic parameters under different wire harness lengths.
By comparing the different beam transmission characteristics (Sdd 11, sdd12, sdc11, sdc 12), the invention concludes as follows:
sdd12 gradually reduces the power value along with the increase and decrease of the length of the wire harness, which indicates that the insertion loss of the Ethernet wire harness is inversely proportional to the length of the wire harness;
2, sdd11 has no obvious corresponding relation with the length of the wire harness, but the fluctuation range of the return loss is large in a low-frequency range (below 2 GHz);
the fluctuation frequency of the Sdc12 is lower under the condition of lower wire harness length, the Sdc12 is very smooth under the condition of 1 meter wire harness, and the fluctuation amplitude of insertion loss such as 2.1 GHz-3.8 GHz,4.5 GHz-5.2 GHz and the like is larger in certain frequency band range along with the increase of the wire harness length.
According to the invention, through analysis and comparison of test results, the fact that different transmission characteristic parameters of the Ethernet wire harness have certain correlation with the length is considered, and the reasonable wire harness length is selected as much as possible in vehicle type development, so that the Ethernet wire harness can not be treated at will.
4.2 Standard BCI method injection harness
The 6 harnesses of table 1 were subjected to standard BCI interference signal harness injection, respectively, and the test results for the different harness types are shown in fig. 11-16.
The BCI used three severe grades, 15ma,25ma,35ma respectively, with interference bands ranging from 1MHz to 400MHz, and the specific problem phenomena were summarized in table 3 below.
Table 3 standard BCI injection harness results
The test results are collated by the table above, and the following conclusions are preliminarily drawn:
1. under the interference resistance of standard BCI waveforms, four characteristic parameters (Sdd 11, sdd12, sdc11 and Sdc 12) of different types of wire harnesses are all in different frequency points, energy leakage exists, and the shielding layer treatment of the wire harnesses needs to be further perfected;
2. although the interference frequency band is 1 MHz-400 MHz, the test result can see that the frequency point still has problems beyond 400MHz, which indicates that the wire harness has energy leakage in the adjacent frequency range of the interference frequency point;
3. the number and the range of the interference frequency points of the wire harness of different types are different, so that the type, the physical structure, the process perfection and the shielding effectiveness of the wire harness are relevant.
4.3 actual external electromagnetic Signal injection harness
The electromagnetic environment of different places is collected through an external field, signals are injected into the wire harness in a BCI mode, the places are specifically selected, the center frequency point, the bandwidth and the like are shown in Table 2, and typical signals are distributed below 1GHz, so that the frequency range of the wire harness is mainly 9 kHz-1 GHz, and specific test results are shown in figures 17-22.
The specific test results are collated in Table 4 below:
TABLE 4 external electromagnetic Environment Signal BCI injection harness results
From the above table, the test results are collated, and the following conclusions can be preliminarily drawn:
1. compared with the standard BCI interference signal, the external complex electromagnetic signal has difference on the quantity of transmission characteristic parameters of the wire harness, for example, in the standard BCI interference signal injection wire harness, four parameters of Sdd11, sdd12, sdc11 and Sdc12 are affected to different degrees. In the process of injecting external electromagnetic environment signals into the wire harness, only the Sdc11 and the Sdc12 of the wire harness of the non-shielding layer are affected, and only one transmission characteristic parameter of the single-layer aluminum foil shielding and grounding wire and the single-aluminum foil 65% braided wire harness is affected respectively.
2. Compared with the standard BCI interference signal, the interference frequency points of the external complex electromagnetic signal to the wire harness are fewer. From the primary analysis, the standard signal is more severe, and the peak point of the power is always reached; the actual electromagnetic environment is to collect a signal of a certain section, and the peak value is scattered and has certain discreteness, so that the severity level is relatively weak.
In accordance with the best mode of carrying out the invention,
preferably, the electromagnetic environment is acquired into the IQR data recorder at a typical site. Secondly, through joint debugging among signal source (SMBV 100A) instruments, external actual electromagnetic signals are injected into the wire harness through a BCI mode. And further, the complex electromagnetic signals in the actual environment are injected into the wiring harness. And the feasibility of the method for injecting the actual complex electromagnetic environment signals into the vehicle-mounted Ethernet cable harness is demonstrated by the practice.
According to the invention, a plurality of vehicle-mounted Ethernet cable harnesses are taken as research objects, and the method for injecting complex electromagnetic environment signals into the vehicle-mounted Ethernet is researched aiming at transmission characteristic parameters of the cable harnesses.
The electromagnetic interference sources of the invention are mainly two types: one is a standard BCI interference signal and one is an external electromagnetic environment interference signal. The contrast test shows that the two interference signals can generate interference to the wire harness to a certain extent, the two signals have different test meanings, the standard BCI interference source is more severely suitable for research and development tests, and the external electromagnetic environment interference signal has practical reference value.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. An electromagnetic signal injection vehicle-mounted Ethernet harness and a testing method are characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, arranging a wire harness transmission characteristic test system;
s2, injecting electromagnetic signals into the wire harness, and obtaining a wire harness transmission characteristic parameter test result through a wire harness transmission characteristic test system;
the wire harness transmission characteristic test system comprises a vector network analyzer and a test fixture, wherein an input port and an output port of a wire harness to be tested are connected to one end of the test fixture, and the other end of the test fixture is connected with the vector network analyzer through a calibration line signal;
the electromagnetic signal is a standard interference signal, is generated by a BCI test system and is injected into the wire harness to be tested through a BCI probe; the BCI test system comprises a signal source and a power amplifier which are in signal connection, wherein the power amplifier is in signal connection with a BCI probe, and the BCI probe is of an annular structure and sleeved on the outer side of a wire harness to be tested;
when the standard interference signal is injected, monitoring the performance of the wire harness by means of the system built in the step S1; the frequency band of the interference signal is 1 MHz-400 MHz, and if a problem frequency point exists in an area beyond 400MHz as a result of the test, the wire harness has energy leakage in the adjacent frequency range of the interference frequency point;
the BCI test system mainly comprises a signal source and a power amplifier, standard signals are injected into a wire harness through a BCI probe according to certain power requirements, and three power levels of 15mA,25mA and 30mA are selected;
the wire harness transmission characteristic parameters include: parameter S11, which indicates the magnitude of the reflection component of the transmitting-end signal; parameters S12 or S21 represent the feed loss of the signals at the transmitting end and the receiving end; parameter Sdd, representing differential signal input, differential signal output; parameter Sdc, which represents differential signal input and common mode signal output;
the different wire harness transmission characteristic parameters have relevance with the wire harness length, and the corresponding wire harness length is required to be selected in vehicle type development.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the electromagnetic signals are actual external electromagnetic signals, are generated by a complex electromagnetic environment playback system, and are injected into the wire harness to be tested through the BCI probe; the complex electromagnetic environment playback system comprises an IQR data recorder, a signal source and a power amplifier which are sequentially connected in a signal mode, wherein the power amplifier is connected with a BCI probe in a ring-shaped structure, and the BCI probe is sleeved on the outer side of a wire harness to be tested; stored in the IQR data recorder is an actual external electromagnetic environment signal acquired.
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