CN112946229A - Method for acquiring performance of aluminum-containing explosive based on cylinder-sheet device - Google Patents
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 166
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Inorganic materials [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及基于圆筒‑薄片装置的含铝炸药性能获取方法，属于评价含铝炸药做功性能技术领域，解决了现有圆筒实验局限性强、无法基于圆筒实验研究含铝炸药性能的问题。方法步骤为：利用圆筒‑薄片装置分别对含铝炸药、含惰性材料炸药进行爆炸实验，获得含铝炸药在爆轰驱动过程中圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系、薄片运动距离随时间的第一变化关系，以及含惰性材料炸药在爆轰驱动过程中薄片运动距离随时间的第二变化关系；基于圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系、第一变化关系及第二变化关系，得到含铝炸药爆轰产物的状态方程；基于含铝炸药爆轰产物的状态方程，得到含铝炸药的爆炸性能。
The invention relates to a performance acquisition method of aluminum-containing explosives based on a cylinder-sheet device, belongs to the technical field of evaluating the performance performance of aluminum-containing explosives, and solves the problem that the existing cylinder experiments have strong limitations and the performance of aluminum-containing explosives cannot be studied based on the cylinder experiments. . The steps of the method are as follows: using a cylinder-sheet device to conduct explosion experiments on aluminum-containing explosives and inert material-containing explosives, respectively, to obtain the relationship between the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder and the time-dependent variation of the movement distance of the aluminum-containing explosive during the detonation driving process. The first variation relationship, and the second variation relationship of the sheet moving distance with time during the detonation drive process of the explosive containing inert material; The equation of state of the detonation products of aluminum explosives; based on the equation of state of the detonation products of aluminum-containing explosives, the explosive properties of aluminum-containing explosives are obtained.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及评价含铝炸药做功性能技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于圆筒-薄片装置的含铝炸药性能获取方法。The invention relates to the technical field of evaluating the performance of aluminum-containing explosives, in particular to a method for obtaining the performance of aluminum-containing explosives based on a cylinder-sheet device.
背景技术Background technique
在高能炸药研究中，高威力是追求的主要目标之一。在炸药中加入金属颗粒是提高炸药威力的重要途径。目前，在军用高威力炸药中，含铝炸药占了很大比例。铝粉主要从两方面提高炸药爆炸威力：一方面，铝粉反应放出大量热量，提高炸药爆热，使炸药总能量增加；另一方面，铝粉反应改变了炸药爆轰能量释放进程，使炸药爆轰能量输出时间延长，从而提高炸药做功能力。充分认识含铝炸药爆轰特性和铝粉在爆轰中的反应机理，能够优化含铝炸药配方，改善炸药能量输出结构，从而提高炸药威力。In high explosive research, high power is one of the main goals pursued. Adding metal particles to explosives is an important way to improve the power of explosives. At present, aluminum-containing explosives account for a large proportion of military high-power explosives. Aluminum powder mainly improves the explosive power of explosives from two aspects: on the one hand, the reaction of aluminum powder releases a lot of heat, which increases the explosion heat of the explosive and increases the total energy of the explosive; The detonation energy output time is prolonged, thereby improving the explosive performance. Fully understanding the detonation characteristics of aluminum-containing explosives and the reaction mechanism of aluminum powder in detonation can optimize the formula of aluminum-containing explosives, improve the energy output structure of the explosives, and thus increase the power of the explosives.
炸药驱动圆筒的实验方法可以评估其金属加速做功能力，实验获得的是圆筒二维定常膨胀状态下的速度，含铝炸药圆筒实验忽略起爆方式和轴向边界稀疏的影响，便于对铝粉的二次反应情况评估。目前对于含铝炸药驱动圆筒做功，国内外研究重点在实验方面，然而圆筒实验无法对圆筒膨胀过程中铝粉的反应规律进行准确的测量和描述，进而无法建立炸药的做功性能和铝粉在爆轰产物中反应机理的关系，因此圆筒实验对于含铝炸药而言具有很大的局限性。The experimental method of the explosive-driven cylinder can evaluate its metal acceleration working force. The experiment obtains the velocity of the cylinder in a two-dimensional steady expansion state. The experiment of the aluminum-containing explosive cylinder ignores the influence of the detonation mode and the sparse axial boundary, which is convenient for Evaluation of secondary reaction of aluminum powder. At present, for the work of aluminum-containing explosives driving the cylinder, the research at home and abroad focuses on experiments. However, the cylinder experiment cannot accurately measure and describe the reaction law of aluminum powder during the expansion process of the cylinder, so it is impossible to establish the work performance of the explosive and aluminum. The relationship between the reaction mechanism of powder in the detonation product, so the cylinder experiment has great limitations for aluminum-containing explosives.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
鉴于上述的分析，本发明实施例旨在提供一种基于圆筒-薄片装置的含铝炸药性能获取方法，用以解决现有圆筒实验对于含铝炸药而言具有很大的局限性、无法基于圆筒实验研究含铝炸药性能的问题。In view of the above analysis, the embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a method for obtaining the properties of aluminum-containing explosives based on a cylinder-sheet device, so as to solve the problem that the existing cylinder experiments have great limitations for aluminum-containing explosives and cannot Research on the performance of aluminum-containing explosives based on cylinder experiments.
本发明实施例提供了一种基于圆筒-薄片装置的含铝炸药性能获取方法，所述圆筒-薄片装置至少包括圆筒及设置在所述圆筒中的、随爆轰驱动过程轴向运动的金属薄片，所述方法包括：An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for obtaining the properties of an aluminum-containing explosive based on a cylinder-sheet device, wherein the cylinder-sheet device at least includes a cylinder and a cylinder arranged in the cylinder, which moves axially with the detonation driving process The metal sheet, the method includes:
步骤S1：利用圆筒-薄片装置分别对含铝炸药、含惰性材料炸药进行爆炸实验，获得所述含铝炸药在爆轰驱动过程中圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系、薄片运动距离随时间的第一变化关系，以及所述含惰性材料炸药在爆轰驱动过程中薄片运动距离随时间的第二变化关系；所述含惰性材料炸药由所述含铝炸药中的铝替换为等质量的惰性材料得到；Step S1: use the cylinder-sheet device to conduct explosion experiments on the aluminum-containing explosive and the inert material-containing explosive respectively, and obtain the relationship between the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder and the time change of the movement distance of the sheet during the detonation driving process of the aluminum-containing explosive. The first variation relationship of the inert material-containing explosive, and the second variation relationship of the sheet moving distance with time during the detonation driving process of the inert material-containing explosive; the inert material-containing explosive is replaced by the aluminum in the aluminum-containing explosive with the same mass inert material is obtained;
步骤S2：基于所述圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系、第一变化关系及第二变化关系，得到含铝炸药爆轰产物的状态方程；Step S2: obtaining the state equation of the detonation product of the aluminum-containing explosive based on the time-varying relationship, the first changing relationship and the second changing relationship of the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder;
步骤S3：基于所述含铝炸药爆轰产物的状态方程，得到所述含铝炸药的爆炸性能。Step S3: Obtain the explosive performance of the aluminum-containing explosive based on the state equation of the detonation product of the aluminum-containing explosive.
在上述方案的基础上，本发明还做出了如下改进：On the basis of the above scheme, the present invention has also made the following improvements:
进一步，所述步骤S2包括：Further, the step S2 includes:
步骤S21：基于所述圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系、第一变化关系及第二变化关系，得到铝粉反应度随爆轰产物相对比容变化关系；Step S21: obtaining the relationship between the reactivity of the aluminum powder and the relative specific volume of the detonation product based on the time-varying relationship, the first changing relationship and the second changing relationship of the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder;
步骤S22：基于所述铝粉反应度随爆轰产物相对比容变化关系，得到所述含铝炸药爆轰产物的状态方程。Step S22: Based on the relationship between the reactivity of the aluminum powder and the relative specific volume of the detonation product, the state equation of the detonation product of the aluminum-containing explosive is obtained.
进一步，所述步骤S21中通过执行以下步骤获取所述铝粉反应度随爆轰产物相对比容的变化关系：Further, in the step S21, the change relationship between the reactivity of the aluminum powder and the relative specific volume of the detonation product is obtained by performing the following steps:
步骤S211：基于所述第一变化关系及第二变化关系及公式(1)，得到每一时刻的铝粉反应度：Step S211: Based on the first change relationship, the second change relationship and the formula (1), obtain the reactivity of the aluminum powder at each moment:
其中，m表示所述薄片的质量，η表示薄片驱动做功效率，QAl表示铝的反应热，m1表示所述含铝炸药的质量；α表示所述含铝炸药中铝粉的质量分数；vAl(t)和vLiF(t)分别表示所述含铝炸药、含惰性材料炸药在爆轰驱动过程中第t时刻的薄片速度，基于所述第一变化关系得到vAl(t)，基于所述第二变化关系得到vLiF(t)，λ(t)表示第t时刻的铝粉反应度；Wherein, m represents the mass of the flake, η represents the driving work efficiency of the flake, Q Al represents the reaction heat of aluminum, m 1 represents the mass of the aluminum-containing explosive; α represents the mass fraction of aluminum powder in the aluminum-containing explosive; v Al (t) and v LiF (t) respectively represent the sheet velocity of the aluminum-containing explosive and the inert material-containing explosive at the t-th time during the detonation driving process, and v Al (t) is obtained based on the first variation relationship, Based on the second variation relationship, v LiF (t) is obtained, and λ (t) represents the reactivity of the aluminum powder at the t-th time;
步骤S212：基于所述圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系，得到每一时刻的爆轰产物相对比容；Step S212: Obtain the relative specific volume of the detonation product at each moment based on the time-varying relationship of the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder;
步骤S213：基于所述每一时刻的铝粉反应度及爆轰产物相对比容，得到铝粉反应度随爆轰产物相对比容变化关系。Step S213: Based on the reactivity of the aluminum powder and the relative specific volume of the detonation product at each moment, the relationship between the reactivity of the aluminum powder and the relative specific volume of the detonation product is obtained.
进一步，通过执行以下操作获取所述含铝炸药爆轰产物的状态方程：Further, obtain the state equation of the detonation product of the aluminum-containing explosive by performing the following operations:
步骤S221：基于所述述圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系，得到等熵内能随爆轰产物相对比容变化关系；Step S221: based on the variation relation of the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder with time, obtain the variation relation of the isentropic internal energy with the relative specific volume of the detonation product;
步骤S222：基于所述爆轰产物相对比容的取值，划分低压阶段和中压阶段；Step S222: dividing the low pressure stage and the medium pressure stage based on the value of the relative specific volume of the detonation product;
基于低压阶段的两组或多组爆轰产物相对比容及对应的铝粉反应度、等熵内能数据拟合公式(2)，得到公式(2)中的未知参数C、ω：Based on the relative specific volume of two or more groups of detonation products in the low pressure stage and the corresponding aluminum powder reactivity and isentropic internal energy data fitting formula (2), the unknown parameters C and ω in formula (2) are obtained:
其中，
基于中压阶段的两组或多组爆轰产物相对比容及对应的铝粉反应度、等熵内能数据拟合公式(3)，得到公式(3)中的未知参数B和R2：Based on the relative specific volume of two or more groups of detonation products in the medium pressure stage and the corresponding aluminum powder reactivity, isentropic internal energy data fitting formula (3), the unknown parameters B and R 2 in formula (3) are obtained:
基于所述含铝炸药的爆压pJ和爆速DJ，联立公式(4)和(5)，得到公式(4)、(5)中的未知参数A和R1：Based on the detonation pressure p J and detonation velocity D J of the aluminum-containing explosive, formulas (4) and (5) are combined to obtain the unknown parameters A and R 1 in formulas (4) and (5):
其中，
步骤S223：确定未知参数C、ω、B、R2、A及R1后，从而得到所述含铝炸药爆轰产物的状态方程：Step S223: After determining the unknown parameters C, ω, B, R 2 , A and R 1 , the state equation of the detonation product of the aluminum-containing explosive is obtained:
进一步，所述惰性材料为氟化锂。Further, the inert material is lithium fluoride.
进一步，所述圆筒-薄片装置还包括：依次连接的雷管、炸药平面波透镜、触发探针、传爆药柱、药柱套、圆筒；以及，设置在所述圆筒径向方向和轴向方向的激光位移干涉仪；Further, the cylinder-sheet device also includes: a detonator, an explosive plane wave lens, a trigger probe, a booster charge column, a charge column sleeve, and a cylinder connected in sequence; and, arranged in the radial direction and the axis of the cylinder Laser displacement interferometer in the direction of direction;
所述圆筒用于放置待实验的所述含铝炸药、含惰性材料炸药。The cylinder is used for placing the aluminum-containing explosive and the inert material-containing explosive to be tested.
进一步，所述爆轰驱动过程起始于所述触发探针动作、终止于圆筒完全破裂。Further, the detonation driving process starts with the trigger probe action and ends with the complete rupture of the cylinder.
进一步，所述设置在所述圆筒径向方向的激光位移干涉仪，用于获取在爆轰驱动下的圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系；Further, the laser displacement interferometer arranged in the radial direction of the cylinder is used to obtain the time-varying relationship of the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder driven by the detonation;
所述设置在所述圆筒轴向方向的激光位移干涉仪，用于获取在爆轰驱动下的薄片运动距离随时间变化关系。The laser displacement interferometer arranged in the axial direction of the cylinder is used to obtain the time-varying relationship of the movement distance of the sheet driven by the detonation.
进一步，在所述圆筒径向方向的不同位置布设多个激光位移干涉仪，基于所述多个激光位移干涉仪采集数据的平均值，得到所述在爆轰驱动下的圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系。Further, a plurality of laser displacement interferometers are arranged at different positions in the radial direction of the cylinder, and based on the average value of the data collected by the plurality of laser displacement interferometers, the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder under the detonation drive is obtained. relationship over time.
进一步，所述圆筒-薄片装置还包括底座；所述底座包括底板，以及垂直设置在所述底板上的侧挡板、2片设有通孔的圆筒外箍和底挡板，所述圆筒穿过所述通孔；其中，所述2片圆筒外箍相互平行；所述侧挡板用于固定所述设置在所述圆筒径向方向的激光位移干涉仪；所述底挡板用于固定所述设置在所述圆筒轴向方向的激光位移干涉仪Further, the cylinder-sheet device further includes a base; the base includes a base plate, a side baffle vertically arranged on the base plate, two cylindrical outer hoop and a bottom baffle plate provided with through holes, the The cylinder passes through the through hole; wherein, the two outer rings of the cylinder are parallel to each other; the side baffle is used to fix the laser displacement interferometer arranged in the radial direction of the cylinder; the bottom The baffle is used to fix the laser displacement interferometer arranged in the axial direction of the cylinder
与现有技术相比，本发明至少可实现如下有益效果之一：Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:
本发明提供的基于圆筒-薄片装置的含铝炸药性能获取方法，将圆筒装置及薄片系统有机结合，提供了一种的新的圆筒-薄片装置，该装置能够同时获取到含铝炸药在爆轰驱动过程中圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系、薄片运动距离随时间的第一变化关系，进而可以更加准确地评价该含铝炸药在垂直爆轰波传播方向和沿爆轰波传播方向上的驱动做功能力。The method for obtaining the properties of aluminum-containing explosives based on a cylinder-sheet device provided by the present invention organically combines the cylinder device and the sheet system to provide a new cylinder-sheet device, which can simultaneously obtain aluminum-containing explosives In the process of detonation driving, the relationship between the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder and the time, and the first relationship of the movement distance of the sheet with time, can more accurately evaluate the aluminum-containing explosive in the direction of the vertical detonation wave propagation and along the detonation wave propagation. The driving force in the direction.
本发明中，上述各技术方案之间还可以相互组合，以实现更多的优选组合方案。本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分优点可从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明而了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过说明书以及附图中所特别指出的内容中来实现和获得。In the present invention, the above technical solutions can also be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combination solutions. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and some of the advantages may become apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of particularly pointed out in the description and drawings.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图仅用于示出具体实施例的目的，而并不认为是对本发明的限制，在整个附图中，相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。The drawings are for the purpose of illustrating specific embodiments only and are not to be considered limiting of the invention, and like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the drawings.
图1为本发明实施例提供的圆筒-薄片结构示意图；1 is a schematic diagram of a cylinder-sheet structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的底座三维结构示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a base provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的基于圆筒-薄片装置的含铝炸药性能获取方法流程图。FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining properties of an aluminum-containing explosive based on a cylinder-sheet device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
附图标记：1-雷管；2-炸药平面波透镜；3-触发探针；4-传爆药柱；5-药柱套；6-圆筒；7-含铝炸药/含氟化锂炸药；8-金属薄片；9-激光位移干涉仪(DISAR)；10-激光位移干涉仪(DISAR)；11-底座。Reference signs: 1-detonator; 2-explosive plane wave lens; 3-trigger probe; 4-boost column; 5-column sleeve; 6-cylinder; 7-aluminum-containing explosive/lithium fluoride-containing explosive; 8-metal foil; 9-laser displacement interferometer (DISAR); 10-laser displacement interferometer (DISAR); 11-base.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图来具体描述本发明的优选实施例，其中，附图构成本申请一部分，并与本发明的实施例一起用于阐释本发明的原理，并非用于限定本发明的范围。The preferred embodiments of the present invention are specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings constitute a part of the present application, and together with the embodiments of the present invention, are used to explain the principles of the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.
首先，介绍本实施例中用到的圆筒-薄片装置：结构示意图如图1所示，圆筒-薄片装置包括：依次连接的雷管1、炸药平面波透镜2、触发探针3、传爆药柱4、药柱套5、圆筒6；设置在所述圆筒中的、随爆轰驱动过程轴向运动的金属薄片8，以及，设置在所述圆筒径向方向和轴向方向的激光位移干涉仪；其中，设置在所述圆筒径向方向的激光位移干涉仪9用于获取在爆轰驱动下的圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系；设置在所述圆筒轴向方向的激光位移干涉仪10用于获取在爆轰驱动下的薄片运动距离随时间变化关系。利用上述圆筒-薄片装置进行实验室，将含铝炸药/含氟化锂炸药7放置在圆筒6中。First, the cylinder-sheet device used in this embodiment is introduced: the schematic structural diagram is shown in Figure 1, the cylinder-sheet device includes: a detonator 1, an explosive
在圆筒径向方向的不同位置布设多个激光位移干涉仪(如图1中9-a、9-b、9-c所示)，基于所述多个激光位移干涉仪采集数据的平均值，得到在爆轰驱动下的圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系，通过这种方式确定的圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系准确度更高。此外，为避免数据误差对结果造成的影响，利用圆筒径向方向布设的多个激光位移干涉仪采集到同一时刻的多个圆筒外壁膨胀距离后，可以先进行误差分析，若每一圆筒外壁膨胀距离均满足误差要求，则直接求取采集的多个距离的平均值；若存在一个或多个圆筒外壁膨胀距离不满足误差要求，则剔除不满足误差要求的圆筒外壁膨胀距离、仅求取剩余圆筒外壁膨胀距离的平均值。误差要求可根据实验精度要求适应性设置。A plurality of laser displacement interferometers are arranged at different positions in the radial direction of the cylinder (as shown in 9-a, 9-b, 9-c in FIG. 1 ), and the average value of the data collected by the plurality of laser displacement interferometers is used , to obtain the time-varying relationship of the cylinder outer wall expansion distance driven by detonation, and the time-varying relationship of the cylinder outer wall expansion distance determined in this way is more accurate. In addition, in order to avoid the influence of data errors on the results, after using multiple laser displacement interferometers arranged in the radial direction of the cylinder to collect the expansion distances of the outer walls of multiple cylinders at the same time, the error analysis can be performed first. If the expansion distances of the outer wall of the cylinder all meet the error requirements, the average value of the multiple distances collected is directly obtained; if there are one or more expansion distances of the outer wall of the cylinder that do not meet the error requirements, the expansion distances of the outer wall of the cylinder that do not meet the error requirements are eliminated. , and only obtain the average value of the expansion distance of the remaining cylinder outer wall. The error requirement can be adaptively set according to the experimental accuracy requirement.
为固定圆筒-薄片装置中的圆筒及激光位移干涉仪的位置，本实施例提供的圆筒-薄片装置还设置了底座11，底座的三维结构示意图如图2所示；所述底座11包括底板，以及垂直设置在所述底板上的侧挡板、2片设有通孔的圆筒外箍和底挡板，所述圆筒穿过所述通孔；所述2片圆筒外箍相互平行；所述侧挡板用于固定所述设置在所述圆筒径向方向的激光位移干涉仪；所述底挡板用于固定所述设置在所述圆筒轴向方向的激光位移干涉仪。In order to fix the positions of the cylinder and the laser displacement interferometer in the cylinder-sheet device, the cylinder-sheet device provided in this embodiment is also provided with a base 11 , and the three-dimensional structure diagram of the base is shown in FIG. 2 ; the base 11 It includes a bottom plate, a side baffle vertically arranged on the bottom plate, two cylindrical outer hoops with through holes and a bottom baffle plate, and the cylinder passes through the through holes; The hoops are parallel to each other; the side baffle is used to fix the laser displacement interferometer arranged in the radial direction of the cylinder; the bottom baffle is used to fix the laser arranged in the axial direction of the cylinder Displacement Interferometer.
实验过程中，也按照表1中的方式设置参数和选取材料：During the experiment, the parameters and materials were also set according to the methods in Table 1:
表1辅助材料和工具的相关物理参数Table 1 Relevant physical parameters of auxiliary materials and tools
其中，圆筒的材料选取无氧铜，利于延迟圆筒的膨胀时间，加大铝粉二次反应区的宽度；同时为避免金属薄片在实验过程中发生层裂，金属薄片的材料也为无氧铜。Among them, the material of the cylinder is made of oxygen-free copper, which is beneficial to delay the expansion time of the cylinder and increase the width of the secondary reaction zone of the aluminum powder; at the same time, in order to avoid the spallation of the metal sheet during the experiment, the material of the metal sheet is also free of Oxygen copper.
实验前，将圆筒穿过底座的圆筒外箍中的通孔进行固定，并按照图1依次安装炸药样品和实验装置，其中底座的侧挡板用于固定测点1～3的激光位移干涉仪，底挡板用于固定测点4的激光位移干涉仪，底座主要用于固定圆筒及激光位移干涉仪，以便利用激光位移干涉仪记录数据，两个圆筒外箍均位于圆筒的后半段，在不影响圆筒前半段膨胀的情况下，通过限制圆筒后半段的变形来保持薄片在圆筒后半段内的运动畅通和运动方向不受影响。Before the experiment, fix the cylinder through the through hole in the cylinder outer hoop of the base, and install the explosive sample and the experimental device in sequence according to Figure 1. The side baffle of the base is used to fix the laser displacement of measuring points 1 to 3. Interferometer, the bottom baffle is used to fix the laser displacement interferometer of measuring
实验时，首先雷管起爆炸药平面波透镜，爆炸产生的平面爆轰波起爆传爆药柱，进而产生更强的爆轰波起爆含铝炸药样品7，并且炸药平面波透镜的爆轰产物使电离探针给出信号起动测点1～4位置处的激光位移干涉仪9和激光位移干涉仪10，在含铝炸药爆轰的同时驱动圆筒膨胀和薄片向前运动时，激光位移干涉仪记录薄片中心点轴向运动速度以及圆筒外壁的膨胀速度。需要说明的是，本实施例中采集的爆轰驱动过程的数据，起始于触发探针动作、终止于圆筒完全破裂。During the experiment, the detonator first detonated the plane wave lens of the explosive, and the plane detonation wave generated by the explosion detonated the booster column, and then a stronger detonation wave was generated to detonate the aluminum-containing explosive sample 7, and the detonation products of the explosive plane wave lens ionized the probe. The laser displacement interferometer 9 and the laser displacement interferometer 10 at the positions 1 to 4 of the measuring points are given a signal to start. When the aluminum-containing explosive is detonated while driving the cylinder to expand and the sheet to move forward, the laser displacement interferometer records the center of the sheet. The axial velocity of the point and the expansion velocity of the outer wall of the cylinder. It should be noted that, the data of the detonation driving process collected in this embodiment starts from triggering the action of the probe and ends when the cylinder is completely broken.
实验过程中，测量圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系时，每发实验在距离圆筒起爆端300mm位置处对称布置两个测点1～2，然后在距离圆筒起爆端350mm位置处布置一个测点3，测点3和1在同一侧，一发实验中三个激光位移干涉仪获得三组实验数据，并对其进行误差分析及取平均值。During the experiment, when measuring the time-dependent relationship of the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder, two measuring points 1-2 were symmetrically arranged at a position 300mm away from the detonating end of the cylinder in each experiment, and then one measuring point was arranged at a position 350mm away from the detonating end of the cylinder. Measuring
含铝炸药通过在理想基炸药中添加铝粉来提高炸药的做功性能，铝粉的后效反应对炸药做功能力有重要影响。为对比铝粉的加入对炸药驱动做功的影响以及爆轰驱动过程中每一时刻的铝粉反应度，除需要对含铝炸药进行实验外，还需要对含惰性材料(如氟化锂LiF)炸药7按照图1所示的实验设置进行实验；由于LiF是惰性材料，当其作为炸药的组分时不参与炸药的化学反应，同时其密度与铝粉相近，可按质量比为1:1替换。因此，实验完成后，将上述含铝炸药配方中的铝粉换成等质量的氟化锂配制成含氟化锂炸药，根据图1所示的实验设置对含氟化锂炸药进行实验，其中实验步骤和采集的物理参量与上述实验相同。Aluminum-containing explosives can improve the work performance of the explosive by adding aluminum powder to the ideal base explosive. The after-effect reaction of aluminum powder has an important influence on the work performance of the explosive. In order to compare the influence of the addition of aluminum powder on the work of the explosive drive and the reactivity of the aluminum powder at each moment in the detonation drive process, in addition to the experiments on aluminum-containing explosives, it is also necessary to conduct experiments on inert materials (such as lithium fluoride LiF) Explosive 7 was tested according to the experimental setup shown in Figure 1; since LiF is an inert material, it does not participate in the chemical reaction of the explosive when it is used as a component of the explosive, and its density is similar to that of aluminum powder, which can be 1:1 by mass ratio replace. Therefore, after the experiment is completed, the aluminum powder in the above-mentioned aluminum-containing explosive formula is replaced with lithium fluoride of equal quality to prepare the lithium-fluoride-containing explosive, and the lithium fluoride-containing explosive is tested according to the experimental setup shown in FIG. 1 , wherein The experimental steps and the collected physical parameters are the same as the above experiments.
本实施例基于上述介绍的圆筒-薄片装置，形成了本实施例中的基于圆筒-薄片装置的含铝炸药性能获取方法，流程图如图3所示，所述方法包括：Based on the cylinder-sheet device described above, this embodiment forms the method for obtaining the properties of aluminum-containing explosives based on the cylinder-sheet device in this embodiment. The flow chart is shown in FIG. 3 , and the method includes:
步骤S1：利用圆筒-薄片装置分别对含铝炸药、含惰性材料炸药进行爆炸实验，获得所述含铝炸药在爆轰驱动过程中圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系、薄片运动距离随时间的第一变化关系，以及所述含惰性材料炸药在爆轰驱动过程中薄片运动距离随时间的第二变化关系；所述含惰性材料炸药由所述含铝炸药中的铝替换为等质量的惰性材料得到；Step S1: use the cylinder-sheet device to conduct explosion experiments on the aluminum-containing explosive and the inert material-containing explosive respectively, and obtain the relationship between the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder and the time change of the movement distance of the sheet during the detonation driving process of the aluminum-containing explosive. The first variation relationship of the inert material-containing explosive, and the second variation relationship of the sheet moving distance with time during the detonation driving process of the inert material-containing explosive; the inert material-containing explosive is replaced by the aluminum in the aluminum-containing explosive with the same mass inert material is obtained;
步骤S2：基于所述圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系、第一变化关系及第二变化关系，得到含铝炸药爆轰产物的状态方程；Step S2: obtaining the state equation of the detonation product of the aluminum-containing explosive based on the time-varying relationship, the first changing relationship and the second changing relationship of the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder;
步骤S3：基于所述含铝炸药爆轰产物的状态方程，得到所述含铝炸药的爆炸性能。Step S3: Obtain the explosive performance of the aluminum-containing explosive based on the state equation of the detonation product of the aluminum-containing explosive.
与现有技术相比，本实施例通过将圆筒装置及薄片系统有机结合，提供了一种的新的圆筒-薄片装置，该装置能够同时获取到含铝炸药在爆轰驱动过程中圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系、薄片运动距离随时间的第一变化关系，进而可以更加准确地评价该含铝炸药在垂直爆轰波传播方向和沿爆轰波传播方向上的驱动做功能力。Compared with the prior art, this embodiment provides a new cylinder-sheet device by organically combining the cylinder device and the sheet system, which can simultaneously obtain the circular shape of the aluminum-containing explosive during the detonation driving process. The relationship between the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder and the time, and the first change relationship of the moving distance of the sheet with time, can more accurately evaluate the driving force of the aluminum-containing explosive in the direction of vertical detonation wave propagation and along the detonation wave propagation direction. .
优选地，所述步骤S2包括：Preferably, the step S2 includes:
步骤S21：基于所述圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系、第一变化关系及第二变化关系，得到铝粉反应度随爆轰产物相对比容变化关系；具体地，Step S21: Based on the variation relationship of the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder with time, the first variation relationship and the second variation relationship, obtain the variation relationship between the reactivity of the aluminum powder and the relative specific volume of the detonation product; specifically,
步骤S211：基于所述第一变化关系及第二变化关系及公式(1)，得到每一时刻的铝粉反应度：Step S211: Based on the first change relationship, the second change relationship and the formula (1), obtain the reactivity of the aluminum powder at each moment:
考虑到在进行含氟化锂炸药实验时，由于氟化锂保持惰性、不参与反应，对圆筒和薄片做功完全是基炸药爆轰能量的贡献；而含铝炸药对圆筒和薄片做功除了基炸药的爆轰能量外，还有铝粉参与反应释放的能量。在含铝炸药同时驱动圆筒和薄片过程中，通过薄片的运动规律可以获得爆轰产物对圆筒和薄片做功过程中的铝粉反应度随时间变化规律，如公式(1)所示。其原理为：用含铝炸药驱动下的薄片动能减去含氟化锂炸药驱动下的薄片动能，可以得到铝粉反应释放的能量对薄片所做的有用功，然后根据含铝炸药释放的能量驱动薄片运动的效率，可以得到爆轰产物对圆筒和薄片做功过程中的铝粉反应度。Considering that in the experiment of lithium fluoride-containing explosives, since lithium fluoride remains inert and does not participate in the reaction, the work done on the cylinder and the sheet is entirely the contribution of the detonation energy of the base explosive; while the work done by the aluminum-containing explosive on the cylinder and sheet is in addition to In addition to the detonation energy of the base explosive, there is also the energy released by the aluminum powder participating in the reaction. In the process that the aluminum-containing explosive drives the cylinder and the sheet at the same time, the change law of the reactivity of the aluminum powder in the process of the detonation product doing work on the cylinder and the sheet can be obtained through the motion law of the sheet, as shown in formula (1). The principle is: the kinetic energy of the sheet driven by the aluminum-containing explosive is subtracted from the kinetic energy of the sheet driven by the lithium-fluoride explosive, and the useful work done by the energy released by the reaction of the aluminum powder to the sheet can be obtained, and then the energy released by the aluminum-containing explosive can be obtained. The efficiency of driving the movement of the flakes can be used to obtain the reactivity of the aluminum powder during the work done by the detonation products on the cylinder and flakes.
其中，m表示所述薄片的质量，η表示薄片驱动做功效率，QAl表示铝的反应热，m1表示所述含铝炸药的质量；α表示所述含铝炸药中铝粉的质量分数；根据经验，QAl取20.126KJ/g，η取0.18；vAl(t)和vLiF(t)分别表示所述含铝炸药、含惰性材料炸药在爆轰驱动过程中第t时刻的薄片速度，基于所述第一变化关系得到vAl(t)(即距离、速度、时间三者之间的关系)，基于所述第二变化关系得到vLiF(t)(同上)；将第t时刻的vAl(t)、vLiF(t)带入公式(1)中即可得到第t时刻的铝粉反应度λ(t)，重复上述过程即可得到每一时刻的铝粉反应度；Wherein, m represents the mass of the flake, η represents the driving work efficiency of the flake, Q Al represents the reaction heat of aluminum, m 1 represents the mass of the aluminum-containing explosive; α represents the mass fraction of aluminum powder in the aluminum-containing explosive; According to experience, Q Al is taken as 20.126KJ/g, and η is taken as 0.18; v Al (t) and v LiF (t) respectively represent the sheet velocity of the aluminum-containing explosive and the inert material-containing explosive at the t-th moment in the detonation driving process , obtain v Al (t) (that is, the relationship between distance, speed, and time) based on the first change relationship, and obtain v LiF (t) (same as above) based on the second change relationship; The v Al (t) and v LiF (t) are brought into the formula (1) to obtain the reactivity λ(t) of the aluminum powder at the t-th time, and the reactivity of the aluminum powder at each moment can be obtained by repeating the above process;
步骤S212：基于所述圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系，得到每一时刻的爆轰产物相对比容；Step S212: Obtain the relative specific volume of the detonation product at each moment based on the time-varying relationship of the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder;
在该步骤中，爆轰产物相对比容
其中，v表示爆轰产物比容，v0表示炸药初始比容。其中，v＝V产物/m产物，V产物是测点处的爆轰产物体积，即圆筒的容积(V产物＝πr2dx，r为圆筒的内径，dx为测点沿圆筒长度方向的长度)，m产物是测点处的爆轰产物质量，根据含铝炸药爆轰过程中的质量守恒定律可知，爆轰产物质量等于炸药初始质量(
此外，本实施例中测点1～3处的激光位移干涉仪记录了圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间的变化关系，根据圆筒材料不可压缩、圆筒在膨胀过程中圆筒材料的体积保持不变的性质，可得如式(3)所示圆筒内、外径之间的关系：In addition, the laser displacement interferometer at the measuring points 1 to 3 in this embodiment records the variation relationship of the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder with time. According to the incompressibility of the cylinder material, the volume of the cylinder material remains constant during the expansion process. The relationship between the inner and outer diameters of the cylinder can be obtained as shown in formula (3):
R(t)2-r(t)2＝R0 2-r0 2且R(t)＝R0+ΔR(t) (3)R(t) 2 -r(t) 2 =R 0 2 -r 0 2 and R(t)=R 0 +ΔR(t) (3)
R(t)表示圆筒在t时刻的外径，R0是圆筒初始外径，r(t)表示圆筒在t时刻的内径，r0是圆筒初始内径，ΔR(t)是激光位移干涉仪在t时刻记录的圆筒外表面位移距离(即第t时刻的圆筒外壁膨胀距离)，通过对图1中的1～3测点记录的圆筒外表面的位移随时间变化规律进行误差分析并取平均值得到ΔR(t)，根据参量R0、r0和ΔR(t)求得圆筒在t时刻的内外径。R(t) is the outer diameter of the cylinder at time t, R 0 is the initial outer diameter of the cylinder, r(t) is the inner diameter of the cylinder at time t, r 0 is the initial inner diameter of the cylinder, ΔR(t) is the laser The displacement distance of the outer surface of the cylinder recorded by the displacement interferometer at time t (that is, the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder at time t), and the time-varying law of the displacement of the outer surface of the cylinder recorded by measuring points 1 to 3 in Figure 1 Carry out error analysis and take the average value to obtain ΔR(t). According to the parameters R 0 , r 0 and ΔR(t), the inner and outer diameters of the cylinder at time t are obtained.
整理公式(2)和(3)可得，爆轰产物相对比容随时间变化关系的表达式：After arranging formulas (2) and (3), we can obtain the expression of the relative specific volume of detonation products as a function of time:
其中，ΔR(t)表示含铝炸药在第t时刻的圆筒外壁膨胀距离，将第t时刻的圆筒外壁膨胀距离带入公式(4)即可得到第t时刻的爆轰产物相对比容，重复上述过程即可得到每一时刻的爆轰产物相对比容；Among them, ΔR(t) represents the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder at the t-th time of the aluminum-containing explosive, and the relative specific volume of the detonation product at the t-th time can be obtained by putting the expansion distance of the cylinder outer wall at the t-th time into the formula (4). , and repeating the above process can obtain the relative specific volume of the detonation product at each moment;
步骤S213：基于所述每一时刻的铝粉反应度及爆轰产物相对比容，得到铝粉反应度随爆轰产物相对比容变化关系。Step S213: Based on the reactivity of the aluminum powder and the relative specific volume of the detonation product at each moment, the relationship between the reactivity of the aluminum powder and the relative specific volume of the detonation product is obtained.
此外，基于每一时刻的铝粉反应度及圆筒外壁膨胀距离，可以得到铝粉反应度随圆筒外壁膨胀距离变化关系；基于每一时刻的铝粉反应度及所述第一变化关系，可以得到铝粉反应度随薄片运动距离变化关系。In addition, based on the reactivity of the aluminum powder at each moment and the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder, the relationship between the reactivity of the aluminum powder and the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder can be obtained; based on the reactivity of the aluminum powder at each moment and the first variation relationship, The relationship between the reactivity of aluminum powder and the moving distance of the sheet can be obtained.
步骤S22：基于所述铝粉反应度随爆轰产物相对比容变化关系，得到所述含铝炸药爆轰产物的状态方程。Step S22: Based on the relationship between the reactivity of the aluminum powder and the relative specific volume of the detonation product, the state equation of the detonation product of the aluminum-containing explosive is obtained.
步骤S221：基于所述述圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系，得到等熵内能随爆轰产物相对比容变化关系；Step S221: based on the variation relation of the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder with time, obtain the variation relation of the isentropic internal energy with the relative specific volume of the detonation product;
步骤S2211：基于所述述圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系，得到每一时刻的等熵内能及轰爆产物比容；具体地，Step S2211: Based on the time-varying relationship of the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder, obtain the isentropic internal energy and the specific volume of the detonation product at each moment; specifically,
处理每一时刻的圆筒外壁膨胀距离得到当前时刻的圆筒外壁膨胀速度(根据距离、速度、时间三者之间的关系)，将其带入公式(5)中，即可得到每一时刻对应的等熵内能：Process the expansion distance of the outer wall of the cylinder at each moment to obtain the expansion speed of the outer wall of the cylinder at the current moment (according to the relationship between distance, speed and time), and bring it into formula (5) to get each moment. The corresponding isentropic internal energy:
其中，μ表示圆筒与炸药的质量比，u(t)表示含铝炸药在第t时刻的圆筒外壁膨胀速度，处理所述圆筒外壁膨胀距离随时间变化关系得到所述圆筒外壁膨胀速度；Q表示所述含铝炸药的爆热；M为与圆筒材料性质有关的常数，当圆筒为无氧铜时，其取值为0.5；
步骤S2212：基于所述每一时刻的等熵内能及爆轰产物相对比容，得到等熵内能随爆轰产物相对比容变化关系；Step S2212: based on the isentropic internal energy and the relative specific volume of the detonation product at each moment, obtain the relationship between the isentropic internal energy and the relative specific volume of the detonation product;
需要说明的是，含铝炸药爆轰产物的状态方程满足如下关系：It should be noted that the equation of state of the detonation product of the aluminum-containing explosive satisfies the following relationship:
但是，其中参数A、B、C、ω、R1、R2均为未知数，需要根据获取到的以上信息进行确定，未知参数的确定过程描述如下：However, the parameters A, B, C, ω, R 1 , and R 2 are all unknowns, which need to be determined according to the obtained information. The process of determining the unknown parameters is described as follows:
步骤S222：基于所述爆轰产物相对比容的取值，划分低压阶段和中压阶段；示例性地，当爆轰产物相对比容大于6时，处于低压阶段；当爆轰产物相对比容在2-5之间时，处于中压阶段；Step S222: Based on the value of the relative specific volume of the detonation product, divide the low pressure stage and the medium pressure stage; exemplarily, when the relative specific volume of the detonation product is greater than 6, it is in the low pressure stage; when the relative specific volume of the detonation product is in the low pressure stage; When it is between 2-5, it is in the medium pressure stage;
基于低压阶段的两组或多组爆轰产物相对比容及对应的铝粉反应度、等熵内能数据拟合公式(7)，得到公式(7)中的未知参数C、ω：Based on the relative specific volume of two or more groups of detonation products in the low pressure stage and the corresponding aluminum powder reactivity and isentropic internal energy data fitting formula (7), the unknown parameters C and ω in formula (7) are obtained:
其中，
基于中压阶段的两组或多组爆轰产物相对比容及对应的铝粉反应度、等熵内能数据拟合公式(8)，得到公式(8)中的未知参数B和R2：Based on the relative specific volume of two or more groups of detonation products at the medium pressure stage and the corresponding aluminum powder reactivity and isentropic internal energy data fitting formula (8), the unknown parameters B and R 2 in formula (8) are obtained:
基于所述含铝炸药的爆压pJ和爆速DJ，联立公式(9)和(10)，得到公式(9)、(10)中的未知参数A和R1：Based on the detonation pressure p J and detonation velocity D J of the aluminum-containing explosive, formulas (9) and (10) are combined to obtain the unknown parameters A and R 1 in formulas (9) and (10):
其中，
步骤S223：确定未知参数C、ω、B、R2、A及R1后，从而得到所述含铝炸药爆轰产物的状态方程：Step S223: After determining the unknown parameters C, ω, B, R 2 , A and R 1 , the state equation of the detonation product of the aluminum-containing explosive is obtained:
确定含铝炸药爆轰产物的状态方程后，即可基于含铝炸药爆轰产物的状态方程得到所述含铝炸药的爆炸性能，具体地，基于拟合得到的含铝炸药爆轰产物的状态方程，通过模拟仿真的方法可以研究该含铝炸药的爆轰毁伤效应和驱动做功性能。After determining the state equation of the detonation product of the aluminum-containing explosive, the explosive performance of the aluminum-containing explosive can be obtained based on the state equation of the detonation product of the aluminum-containing explosive. Specifically, based on the state of the detonation product of the aluminum-containing explosive obtained by fitting Equation, the detonation damage effect and driving work performance of the aluminum-containing explosive can be studied by means of simulation.
本领域技术人员可以理解，实现上述实施例方法的全部或部分流程，可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，所述的程序可存储于计算机可读存储介质中。其中，所述计算机可读存储介质为磁盘、光盘、只读存储记忆体或随机存储记忆体等。Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the process of implementing the methods in the above embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a computer program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Wherein, the computer-readable storage medium is a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only storage memory, or a random-access storage memory, or the like.
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Substitutions should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
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