CN112945887B - Flue gas in-situ monitoring system and method - Google Patents

Flue gas in-situ monitoring system and method Download PDF

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CN112945887B
CN112945887B CN202110266759.4A CN202110266759A CN112945887B CN 112945887 B CN112945887 B CN 112945887B CN 202110266759 A CN202110266759 A CN 202110266759A CN 112945887 B CN112945887 B CN 112945887B
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flue gas
smoke
concentration
sampler
personal computer
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CN112945887A (en
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汤晓君
张宇生
郭琨
吕锡林
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/33Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using ultraviolet light
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2247Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
    • G01N1/2258Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a stack or chimney
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/286Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N2001/2282Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state with cooling means

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of flue gas monitoring, and discloses a flue gas in-situ monitoring system and a flue gas in-situ monitoring method, wherein the flue gas in-situ monitoring system comprises the following components: the smoke sampler is used for acquiring smoke with a preset volume; the flue gas compressor is used for compressing the acquired flue gas into liquid; the sample vessel is used for collecting the liquid after the flue gas is compressed; the ultraviolet spectrometer is used for measuring the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the liquid and outputting spectrogram data; and the industrial personal computer is used for receiving the spectrogram data and calculating and obtaining the concentration of the object to be monitored in the smoke according to the spectrogram data. The system has the advantages of higher precision, easy operation, higher stability, convenient maintenance and lower cost.

Description

Flue gas in-situ monitoring system and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flue gas monitoring, and particularly relates to a flue gas in-situ monitoring system and method.
Background
The continuous monitoring system (Continuous Emission Monitoring System, CEMS) for fume emission refers to equipment which is fixedly arranged at a pollution source monitoring port, continuously and real-time tracks and monitors the emission concentration of smoke dust and gaseous pollutants emitted by the pollution source, and transmits information to the monitoring system in real time. The installation of CEMS has very realistic application implications, including: monitoring particulate and gaseous pollutants (SO) in a pollution source flue gas in real time 2 、NO x CO, etc.), provides objective scientific basis for environmental protection management of pollution sources and safe and reasonable operation of dust removal, desulfurization and denitration equipment, is used for judging the combustion efficiency of the boiler, and controlling the proportion of air and coal of the boiler to achieve the optimal combustion state. At the same time, sewage disposal enterprises such as power plants and cement plantsAnd the like, the installed environmental protection facilities such as dust removal and desulfurization facilities also depend on monitoring data of CEMS to monitor and manage so as to monitor and ensure the operation rate and efficiency of the environmental protection facilities.
The complete CEMS system mainly comprises: the system comprises a gaseous pollutant monitoring subsystem, a particulate matter monitoring subsystem, a smoke emission parameter monitoring subsystem and a data acquisition and processing subsystem. Wherein, the polluted gas SO in the flue gas 2 、NO X Is monitored by the gaseous contaminant monitoring subsystem, so the gaseous contaminant monitoring subsystem is the core subsystem in the CEMS system; the flue gas contains a large amount of dust which is monitored by a particulate matter monitoring subsystem; in order to convert the pollutant concentration into a standard value required by environmental protection, the flue gas related parameters such as the temperature, humidity, pressure, flow rate and the like of the discharged flue gas need to be known, and the measurement of the parameters is obtained by a flue gas emission parameter monitoring subsystem; the data acquisition and processing subsystem mainly completes acquisition, storage and calculation processing functions of measurement data and uploads the measurement data to an enterprise monitoring platform and an environmental protection related department monitoring platform in a wired or wireless transmission mode according to a standard format.
The current state of the art of measuring gaseous pollutants in CEMS mainly comprises a direct measurement method and an extraction measurement method, and the traditional flue gas monitoring method generally firstly extracts air and samples, then performs measurement analysis, and cannot meet the real-time linearity of flue gas monitoring; in recent years, most of emerging gas analysis instruments can only measure single-point gas concentration, the measured gas is single, the measurement range is limited, and along with higher limit on smoke emission, the traditional smoke monitoring technology cannot meet the requirements; in addition, the traditional analysis equipment system used at present is high in complex cost, low in efficiency and poor in precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flue gas in-situ monitoring system and a flue gas in-situ monitoring method, which are used for solving one or more of the technical problems. The system has the advantages of higher precision, easy operation, higher stability, convenient maintenance and lower cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a flue gas in-situ monitoring system, which comprises:
the smoke sampler is used for acquiring smoke with a preset volume;
the flue gas compressor is used for compressing the acquired flue gas into liquid;
the sample vessel is used for collecting the liquid after the flue gas is compressed;
the ultraviolet spectrometer is used for measuring the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the liquid and outputting spectrogram data;
and the industrial personal computer is used for receiving the spectrogram data and calculating and obtaining the concentration of the object to be monitored in the smoke according to the spectrogram data.
The invention further improves that the flue gas sampler is a compression tube type conical body made of fixed-volume heat conducting materials, and the inner wall of the flue gas sampler is acid-resistant and water-resistant.
A further improvement of the present invention is that it further comprises: the air pump is used for being arranged between the flue gas sampler and the flue and sending the flue gas in the flue into the flue gas sampler.
A further development of the invention consists in that the sample vessel is provided with a liquid level sensor and an air-cooled heat sink.
The invention further improves that a pressure sensor is arranged between the flue gas compressor and the flue gas sampler.
A further improvement of the invention is that the pressure sensor is an isolating membrane pressure sensor.
A further improvement of the invention is that the liquid obtained by compression is an aqueous solution in which sulphate, sulphite and nitrate ions are dissolved.
The invention further improves that in the industrial personal computer, the concentration of the object to be monitored in the flue gas is obtained by calculation according to the spectrogram data specifically comprises the following steps: the industrial personal computer obtains the concentration of sulfate ions, nitrate ions and sulfite ions through spectrum analysis, and calculates and obtains the concentration of sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the flue gas according to the liquid level and the flue gas volume.
The invention further improves that in the industrial personal computer, the calculation expression of each monitoring object concentration is respectively as follows: c (C) SO2 =C SO3- ×s×h/V,C SO3 =C SO4- ×s×h/V,C NOx =C NO3- ×s×h/V,
Wherein h is the liquid level, s is the cross-sectional area of the sample vessel, V is the flue gas volume, C SO3- 、C SO4- And C NO3- Respectively representing the concentration of sulfite ion, sulfate ion and nitrate ion in the aqueous solution, C SO2 、C SO3 And C NOx Respectively represent the concentration of sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and nitrogen oxides in the flue gas.
The invention discloses a flue gas in-situ monitoring method, which comprises the following steps of:
acquiring a predetermined volume of flue gas;
compressing the obtained flue gas into liquid;
measuring the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the liquid and outputting spectrogram data;
and calculating according to the spectrogram data to obtain the concentration of the object to be monitored in the flue gas.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a novel smoke detection system which is high in precision, easy to operate, high in stability and convenient to maintain. Unlike conventional flue gas monitoring systems, which monitor by compressing a collected gas sample into a liquid (instead of conventional direct monitoring of the gas), and perform concentration conversion in combination with spectral data; because the concentration in the solution is far greater than that in the gas, the accuracy and reliability of the measurement result obtained by the system are higher. The invention has the unique advantages of simple measurement principle, instrument structure and operation, high measurement accuracy and sensitivity, high response speed and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description of the embodiments or the drawings used in the description of the prior art will make a brief description; it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the drawings in the following description are of some embodiments of the invention and that other drawings may be derived from them without undue effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas in situ monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a flue gas in-situ monitoring method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purposes, technical effects and technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it will be apparent that the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present invention. Other embodiments, which may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the disclosed embodiments without undue burden, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the continuous online flue gas monitoring system of the embodiment of the invention can be applied to flue gas emission monitoring in industries such as metallurgy, cement, thermal power generation and the like, and specifically comprises: the device comprises a smoke sampler, a pressure sensor, a smoke compressor, an ultraviolet spectrometer and an industrial personal computer.
In the embodiment of the invention, a high-precision isolating membrane pressure sensor is adopted for measuring the smoke pressure, the working principle is that mechanical energy is converted into electric energy, the pressure is calculated through measuring the electric energy, a piezoelectric film is made of polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF, when the film is stretched or bent, an electric signal is generated on the surfaces of an upper electrode and a lower electrode of the film, and the strength of the electric signal is in direct proportion to the stretching and bending deformation. The pressure sampling tube is inserted into the smoke sampler, an electric signal is generated after the pressure of the smoke is detected by the piezoelectric film, the electric signal is converted into a current value of 4-20m A by the pressure transmitter, and the current value of 4-20m A is converted into a corresponding pressure value. The calculation method of the pressure value is similar to the calculation method of the temperature value, and the measuring range of the pressure sensor adopted in the smoke monitoring system is as follows: -10Kpa to 10Kpa.
In the embodiment of the invention, the liquid level sensor adopts a floating ball type liquid level sensor, and consists of a magnetic floating ball, a measuring conduit, a signal unit, an electronic unit, a junction box and a mounting piece, wherein the specific gravity of the magnetic floating ball is generally less than 0.5, the magnetic floating ball can float above the liquid level and move up and down along a measuring vessel, a measuring element is arranged in the vessel, and the measuring element can convert a measured liquid level signal into a resistance signal proportional to the liquid level change under the external magnetic effect and convert the electronic unit into 4-20 mA or other standard signals for output. The liquid level sensor is a module circuit, has the advantages of acid resistance, moisture resistance, shock resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and contains a constant current feedback circuit and an internal protection circuit inside the circuit, so that the output maximum current does not exceed 28mA, thereby reliably protecting a power supply and preventing a secondary instrument from being damaged.
Because the industrial personal computer cannot directly process the 4-20m A current signals collected by the measuring unit, the 4-20 mA current signals must be converted into digital signals which can be identified by the industrial personal computer. The temperature current signal, the pressure current signal and the liquid level current signal in the smoke monitoring system are converted into digital signals through a hub, and the digital signals are transmitted to an industrial personal computer through an RS232 serial data line, and software of the industrial personal computer processes the digital signals to obtain corresponding monitoring data.
The hub comprises 8 current access ports with analog quantity of 4-20m A; the 8 analog current 4-20m A interfaces are basically 8 paths of A/D (Analog to Digital) converters, namely an analog-to-digital converter; the function of the smoke monitoring system is that the current signal of 4-20m A is converted into a digital signal, which is convenient to be transmitted to a computer for processing. Typically analog signals (including current signals and voltage signals) require amplification of their signals by an amplifying circuit before entering the a/D converter. A current amplifying chip is integrated in front of each path of A/D converter in the hub. The configuration of the 8 analog access ports on the hub is different. The first two paths are connected with equipment with three lines for analog current output, the middle three paths are connected with equipment with two lines for analog current output, and the last three paths are connected with equipment with four lines for analog current output.
SO based 3 -、SO 4 -and NO 3 The invention adopts ultraviolet spectrophotometry to absorb the ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 180-210 nmAnd (3) directly measuring the oxo acid radical. The inorganic oxygen acid radical was scanned by ultraviolet spectrum using general TU-1901 and T10 double beam ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometers, and the data obtained are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 SO 3 -、SO 4 -and NO 3 Ultraviolet absorption spectrum
The industrial personal computer can collect temperature, pressure and liquid level signals transmitted by the concentrator through the serial port 1, and can collect CSO transmitted by the spectrometer through the serial port 2 3 -、CSO 4 -and CNO 3 -an equal signal. And the acquired data are utilized to calculate the required data through corresponding software.
The conversion method is as follows: c (C) SO2 =C SO3- ×s×h/V,C SO3 =C SO4- ×s×h/V,C NOx =C NO3- ×s×h/V
Wherein h is the water solution level, s is the cross-sectional area of the sample vessel, V is the sampler volume, C SO3- 、C SO4- And C NO3- Respectively representing the concentration of sulfite ion, sulfate ion and nitrate ion in the aqueous solution, C SO2 、C SO3 And C NOx Respectively represent the concentration of sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and nitrogen oxides in the flue gas.
Typically, CEMS system software transmits data to the data acquisition instrument in accordance with protocol a specified by the data acquisition instrument. The data acquisition instrument transmits the acquired data to the environment-friendly monitoring platform in a wired and wireless (GPRS/CDMA) mode according to a data transmission protocol B required by the environment-friendly bureau. The environment-friendly monitoring platform receives data through special receiving equipment and classifies and counts the data so as to monitor and manage pollution discharge conditions. The data acquisition instrument comprises a wireless (GPRS/CDMA) and a wired remote connection module, and data transmission is carried out through the connection modules. One of the main tasks of CEMS system software is to transmit measurement data to a data acquisition instrument in accordance with a data transmission protocol provided by the manufacturer of the data acquisition instrument. The data acquisition instrument is provided with an independent operating system, an embedded Linux operating system is usually adopted, a few desktop windows operating systems are adopted by the data acquisition instrument, and no matter what operating system is adopted, the design of the data acquisition instrument database is designed according to the requirements of related environmental protection departments. In order to comprehensively collect monitoring data of the monitoring instrument, the data acquisition instrument is provided with rich data receiving ports, a plurality of analog quantity current receiving ports, a plurality of digital quantity RS232 receiving ports and a plurality of digital quantity RS485 receiving ports, can receive monitoring data from an industrial personal computer, a COD analyzer, a PH meter, an ammonia nitrogen analyzer and the like through the receiving ports, and is an environment-friendly monitoring platform for remotely transmitting the data through a wireless network provided by a mobile service provider, and the data acquisition instrument is provided with display equipment, so that the real-time condition of pollutant emission can be observed in real time, and the pollution condition can be stored for later inquiry.
The system mainly uses ADAM4024 module and ADAM4068 module, because they are all RS485 signal input, the industrial personal computer must connect with an RS232 to RS485 conversion module ADAM 4520 module in the middle when connecting with them.
The essence of the ADAM4024 modules is a group of D/A converters, the function of the ADAM4024 modules in the flue gas monitoring system is to convert digital signals transmitted by an industrial personal computer into 4-20m A analog signals to be output to a client DCS for use, one ADAM4024 module can output 4 paths of 4-20m A analog signals, if more than 4 paths of 4-20m A analog signals are needed, a plurality of ADAM4024 modules are needed, and then the addresses of the ADAM4024 modules are needed to be respectively set in the industrial personal computer.
The ADAM4068 module in the smoke monitoring system is used for converting a digital control signal output by the industrial personal computer software system into a switching value control signal. In the flue gas monitoring system, the industrial personal computer can set and control the flue gas sampling time, the back blowing time and the like through flue gas monitoring and monitoring software, when the set time is reached each time, the flue gas monitoring and monitoring software transmits a control signal to the ADAM 4520 module through a serial port RS232 of the industrial personal computer, the module transmits the signal to the ADAM4068 module, the ADAM4068 module converts the received digital signal into a switching signal to transmit a PLC, and the PLC receives a switching value control signal and opens corresponding control switches such as a pneumatic control valve, a back blowing electromagnetic valve and the like.
The industrial personal computer and the detection sensor or instrument can adopt FF (Foundation Fieldbus) bus, CAN (Controller Area Network) bus, lonworks bus, deviceNet bus, PROFIBUS bus, HART bus and CC-Link bus for information transmission; the data acquisition card can also be arranged in the lower computer, and the data acquisition card directly acquires signals of the sensors; two, three or even four buses may be used simultaneously.
The embodiment of the invention provides a novel smoke detection system, which comprises: the device comprises a smoke sampler, a pressure sensor, a smoke compressor, an ultraviolet spectrometer and an industrial personal computer. The smoke sampler takes out the smoke with a determined volume from the flue under the control of the industrial personal computer; the flue gas compressor is arranged above the flue gas sampler, is connected with the flue gas sampler, is provided with a pressure sensor in the middle, and is compressed downwards under the control of the industrial personal computer, so that the volume of the flue gas sampler is reduced. The flue gas compressor compresses the flue gas into a certain pressure environment under the control of the industrial personal computer, so that water vapor in the flue gas is changed into water, after the signal stabilizing time of the pressure sensor reaches 20-60 seconds, the ultraviolet spectrometer scans the spectrum of the solution in the sample vessel and sends the spectrum to the industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer obtains the concentration of sulfate ions, nitrate ions and sulfite ions through spectrum analysis, and the volume of the flue gas sampler is converted into the concentration of sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the flue gas according to the measured liquid level. And controlling the smoke compressor, then evacuating the tested gas and liquid, and entering the next monitoring period. The flue gas sampler is a fixed volume, the inner wall is a compression tube type conical body with acid resistance, water anaerobism and heat conduction materials, the upper end is provided with an air pump which is connected with a flue, the lower end is provided with a sample vessel, a liquid level sensor is arranged above the sample vessel, and an air cooling heat dissipation device is arranged outside the sample vessel. The spectrometer is an ultraviolet spectrophotometer and is used for collecting spectrums of sulfate ions, nitrate ions and sulfite ions. And information transmission is carried out between the industrial personal computer and the data acquisition device by adopting an FF bus, a CAN bus, a Lonworks bus, a DeviceNet bus, a PROFIBUS, a HART bus or a CC-Link bus. The industrial personal computer is provided with a data acquisition card for acquiring various signals sent by the data acquisition device.
Referring to fig. 2, a novel flue gas detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
(1) Under the control of an industrial personal computer, opening an electromagnetic valve under the bottom of a sample vessel, controlling a compressor to compress downwards, and discharging gas and liquid in a smoke sampler out of the smoke sampler;
(2) Under the control of an industrial personal computer, the compressor is lifted upwards, the air pump is started, the flue gas in the flue is sucked into the flue gas sampler, the flue gas in the sampler is completely updated, and then the electromagnetic valve and the air pump under the sample vessel are closed;
(3) The compressor is controlled to compress downwards, so that the pressure in the smoke sampler is increased, the temperature in the smoke sampler is reduced under the action of the air-cooled radiator, water vapor is condensed into water drops, and nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide are dissolved in the water drops and gradually accumulated in the sample vessel;
(4) After the signal stabilizing time of the pressure sensor reaches 20-60 seconds, the ultraviolet spectrometer scans the spectrum of the solution in the sample vessel and sends the spectrum to the industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer obtains the concentration of sulfate ions, nitrate ions and sulfite ions through spectrum analysis, and the volume of the smoke sampler is converted into the concentration of sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the smoke according to the measured liquid level, and then the smoke sampler returns to the step (1).
In order to meet the requirements of the actual working environment of the flue gas system, the measuring system selects an industrial personal computer with a wider temperature range, and replaces a commonly used hard disk with a solid state hard disk. The system software of the industrial personal computer is based on an embedded Windows operating system, and the minimum system clipping is performed according to the specific configuration requirement of the monitoring system. The flue gas monitoring system software functional module mainly comprises: the system comprises a data acquisition and control module, a data processing module, a key data display and local storage module and an auxiliary function module, wherein the data acquisition and control module mainly realizes the reading of spectrum signals and the motor control of a compression device; the data processing module is used for preprocessing the collected spectrum data and inverting the gas concentration by adopting a conversion formula; the auxiliary functional module mainly completes the functions of monitoring parameter setting, system calibration and calibration, software assistance, history record inquiry and the like. The parameter setting module can be used for setting key parameters such as instrument integration time, spectrum sampling interval and the like; the data display and storage module has the main functions of displaying gas concentration data and waveforms to an application interface, and storing the data and waveform information to a local storage.
In summary, the current direct measurement method is also called an on-line measurement method, which is divided into two types, i.e. point measurement and line measurement, and the monitoring system directly installed on the flue or chimney is used for measuring the flue gas in real time (without pumping and collecting the flue gas). The sensor is arranged at the end part of the probe, the probe is directly inserted into the flue, and the chemical or photoelectric sensor is used for measuring the pollutant concentration in a smaller range, namely, the point measurement: the sensor and the probe are directly arranged on a flue or a chimney, and the long-distance direct online measurement, namely the online measurement, of the measured pollutant is realized by utilizing a spectrum analysis technology (infrared, ultraviolet and differential optical absorption spectrum) or a laser technology. Current direct measurement techniques are mainly based on optics and spectroscopy, such as differential absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet band, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TD-LAS), differential absorption lidar (DIAL), etc. The probe open type direct measurement system used in China at present cannot directly guide the calibration gas into the measurement chamber for calibration like an extraction system, but the calibration gas can be guided into the measurement chamber by using a gas flow chamber inside or outside the instrument for calibration, and the calibration method is consistent with the method of calibrating the direct measurement system in Europe, and a filter can be used for replacing the calibration gas to calibrate the direct measurement system in Europe. The existing technical specification of continuous monitoring of fixed pollution source flue gas emission clearly provides that a calibration device can be used for introducing standard gas to calibrate a monitoring system for the gaseous pollutant CEMS by a direct measurement method so as to ensure the accuracy, reliability and the like of data acquired by an instrument. Is installed in ChinaIn the smoke continuous monitoring device, the direct measurement method is used for about 10 percent. The extraction measurement method is to extract part of sample gas through a sampling system, and then send the sample gas to an analysis unit after pretreatment and measure the smoke components in real time. According to different sample gas extraction modes, the method is divided into a dilution extraction method and a direct extraction method. The dilution extraction method is an extraction detection method for diluting the flue gas with pure dry air to a temperature below the dew point of the diluted mixed gas, and under the condition that the pressure, the temperature and the molecular mass of the flue gas are kept constant, the flue gas passes through a sonic nozzle at a constant flow rate and then is mixed with the diluted gas to enter an analyzer. This technique is currently used by me with little and essentially in-flue dilution, how to ensure the quality of the sample gas treatment, especially how to control the proper dilution ratio and the stability of the zero gas system, and also requires continuous exploration and accumulation of relevant experience. Direct extraction methods can be classified into cold dry methods and hot wet methods. The cold dry and hot wet methods are referred to as hot wet extraction methods if the sample gas analyzed by the analyzer is a flue gas in a hot state that keeps the flue gas at a temperature not less than the dew point temperature, and conversely, cold dry extraction methods. The flue gas concentration provided by the hot and wet extraction method is a wet basis, and the flue gas concentration provided by the cold and dry extraction method is a dry basis. The emission standard requirement of the flue gas concentration in China is based on standard dry basis, so that the cold dry direct extraction method is widely applied. At present, the direct extraction method is adopted for measuring more than 70% of equipment, the monitoring principle is that the non-dispersive infrared technology is adopted for more than 80%, and other technologies also comprise chemiluminescence analysis, infrared analysis, ultraviolet fluorescence analysis, differential optical absorption spectrum and the like. The gas filtering is related to be used as a modification of a non-dispersive infrared technology, has fewer domestic applications, is mainly used for garbage incineration plants, and is used for continuously and automatically monitoring SO 2 And NO X Simultaneously, the technology can be used for simultaneously monitoring CO and HCL in the flue gas. In the remote sensing measurement method, interaction between electromagnetic radiation and atoms and molecules is the basis for spectrum remote sensing detection of pollutant components and characteristics, and then the concentration of the gas components is inverted according to the characteristic absorption properties of the gas components in ultraviolet, visible and infrared spectrum bands. Optical remote sensing methods can replace laboratories with optical paths of hundreds of meters, kilometers or even longerIn (2) a sample cell that emits a beam of light through the contaminated gas to be measured and then receives it at the other end (single or dual station mode), and is used in CEMS to detect the concentration of the emitted contaminant by emitting light or light radiation into the flue. Spectrum remote sensing can be divided into two types, namely a tunable diode laser absorption spectrum based on a laser and a differential absorption laser radar, and the other type is a differential optical absorption spectrum based on a traditional light source and a Fourier transform infrared spectrum. For environmental pollution monitoring, optical and spectral remote sensing technology provides a plurality of effective measuring means, and the remote sensing technology is widely applied to the fields of natural disaster forecasting, weather, agriculture, exploration, ecological environment monitoring and the like. The invention provides a novel smoke monitoring system and method, wherein the system comprises a smoke sampler, a sample vessel, an ultraviolet spectrometer, an industrial personal computer, a compressor, an air pump, an air cooling radiator, a wireless transmission system, and conventional pressure and liquid level sensors and instruments. The compressor and air cooled radiator condense the water vapor into water droplets by varying the pressure and temperature, and nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide also dissolve in the water droplets and gradually accumulate in the sample vessel. Then the ultraviolet spectrometer scans the spectrum of the solution in the sample vessel and sends the spectrum to the industrial personal computer, and besides collecting the spectrum and analyzing the spectrum, the industrial personal computer monitors the pressure of the smoke sampler, the liquid level of the sample vessel and other parameters, controls the compressor, the air-cooled radiator, the air pump, the electromagnetic valve and other devices, and stores the result for convenient inquiry. The novel flue gas monitoring method and system have the advantages of simple circuit, high analysis speed, high accuracy, high reliability and convenient maintenance.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, one skilled in the art may make modifications and equivalents to the specific embodiments of the present invention, and any modifications and equivalents not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A flue gas in situ monitoring system, comprising:
the smoke sampler is used for acquiring smoke with a preset volume;
the flue gas compressor is used for compressing the acquired flue gas into liquid;
the sample vessel is used for collecting the liquid after the flue gas is compressed;
the ultraviolet spectrometer is used for measuring the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the liquid and outputting spectrogram data;
the industrial personal computer is used for receiving the spectrogram data and calculating and obtaining the concentration of the object to be monitored in the smoke according to the spectrogram data;
a pressure sensor is arranged between the smoke compressor and the smoke sampler; the pressure sensor is an isolation film pressure sensor; the liquid obtained by compression is an aqueous solution in which sulfate ions, sulfite ions and nitrate ions are dissolved;
the method for calculating and obtaining the concentration of the object to be monitored in the flue gas according to the spectrogram data specifically comprises the following steps: the industrial personal computer obtains the concentration of sulfate ions, nitrate ions and sulfite ions through spectrum analysis, and calculates and obtains the concentration of sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the flue gas according to the liquid level and the flue gas volume;
in the industrial personal computer, the calculation expression of each monitoring object concentration is respectively as follows: c (C) SO2 =C SO3- ×s×h/V,C SO3 =C SO4- ×s×h/V,C NOx =C NO3- X s x h/V, where h is the liquid level, s is the cross-sectional area of the sample vessel, V is the flue gas volume, C SO3- 、C SO4- And C NO3- Respectively representing the concentration of sulfite ion, sulfate ion and nitrate ion in the aqueous solution, C SO2 、C SO3 And C NOx Respectively represent the concentration of sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and nitrogen oxides in the flue gas.
2. The flue gas in-situ monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas sampler is a compressed tubular cone made of a fixed-volume heat-conducting material, and the inner wall of the flue gas sampler is acid-resistant and water-resistant.
3. A flue gas in situ monitoring system as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
the air pump is used for being arranged between the flue gas sampler and the flue and sending the flue gas in the flue into the flue gas sampler.
4. A smoke in situ monitoring system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the sample vessel is provided with a level sensor and an air cooled heat sink.
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