CN112943516B - Pneumatic wave power generation device - Google Patents
Pneumatic wave power generation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112943516B CN112943516B CN202110180864.6A CN202110180864A CN112943516B CN 112943516 B CN112943516 B CN 112943516B CN 202110180864 A CN202110180864 A CN 202110180864A CN 112943516 B CN112943516 B CN 112943516B
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 7
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
- F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
- F03B13/24—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy to produce a flow of air, e.g. to drive an air turbine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
- F01D17/105—Final actuators by passing part of the fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/06—Fluid supply conduits to nozzles or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
- B63B2021/505—Methods for installation or mooring of floating offshore platforms on site
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
- B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
- B63B2035/4466—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting water energy into electric energy, e.g. from tidal flows, waves or currents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pneumatic wave power generation device, which comprises a floating platform, an air turbine unit and a mooring system, wherein the floating platform is connected with the air turbine unit; an L-shaped seawater flow channel, a buoyancy cabin and an air flow channel are formed inside the floating platform; the L-shaped seawater flow channel comprises a horizontal section flow channel and a vertical section flow channel which are communicated with each other, the top wall of the horizontal section flow channel is a horizontal plane, the bottom wall of the horizontal section flow channel is a sawtooth surface, the joint between the top wall of the horizontal section flow channel and the side wall of the vertical section flow channel is 1/4 circular arc transition, and an inclined triangular prism space is formed between the bottom wall of the horizontal section flow channel and the side wall of the vertical section flow channel and is used as an auxiliary buoyancy cabin; a seawater runner port is arranged at one end of the horizontal segment runner, which is far away from the vertical segment runner, the air runner is communicated and arranged at the top of the vertical segment runner, an air runner port is arranged at the tail end of the air runner, and a pressure regulating valve group is arranged on the air runner; the air turbine set is installed at the air flow passage opening and connected with the generator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pneumatic wave power generation device, and belongs to the technical field of ocean wave energy utilization.
Background
The problem of electric power shortage of islands and offshore platforms is urgently needed to be solved for developing ocean resources and ocean economy. In order to solve the problem scientifically and economically, inexhaustible ocean energy must be fully developed according to local conditions. Wave energy is renewable clean energy which is most widely distributed in ocean energy, and the wave energy is efficiently and reliably utilized to generate electricity, so that the wave energy is the optimal solution of the problem of electric power shortage. However, the wave power generation technology is still an emerging technology, and technical barriers exist in the aspects of efficiency, reliability and construction cost.
Among various wave power generation technologies, the floating wave power generation technology has low cost, fast construction period, flexible movement, wide application range and no influence of sea conditions on construction due to the adoption of modular design and manufacture, so that the floating wave power generation technology becomes the key point of international research and development, wherein the post-bent oscillation water column type wave power generation technology attracts a great deal of attention. The main structure of the device adopting the technology is a floating platform, the motions of heaving, surging, pitching and the like are generated under the action of waves, and a water body in an L-shaped flow channel vertical section with an opening at the bottom of the platform oscillates up and down, so that air in a flow channel above the floating platform is discharged or sucked into the flow channel by an air turbine (namely, wave energy is firstly converted into pneumatic energy in the flow channel), and further the air turbine is driven to rotate to drive a generator to generate electricity (namely, the electricity is converted into electric energy by the air turbine). In recent years, improvements have been made to the structure of such devices, such as: the wave direction of the buoyancy cabin adopts a rectangular shape, and the back wave direction adopts a semicircular horizontal section design; the horizontal section runner port adopts a contraction type runner design, and the contraction port extends to the outside of the rear end of the buoyancy cabin so as to balance the weight bias caused by the vertical section of the runner and the turbine. However, none of the above designs completely solves the problems encountered in practical applications. Firstly, the problem of uneven wave energy space-time distribution exists in the actual ocean: if the installation design is carried out by referring to the normal sea condition, the wave energy is converted into the pneumatic energy to be surplus under the high sea condition, and the pneumatic energy of the flow channel cannot be released in time, so that the safety of a power generation system and a device is influenced; if the installation design is carried out by referring to high sea conditions, different sea conditions of actual ocean randomly appear, the fluctuation of the aerodynamic energy converted by wave energy is large, and the wave power generation system is difficult to stably and efficiently generate electricity, so that the cost efficiency of the device is low. Secondly, the shapes of the flow channel, the buoyancy cabin and other parts in the conventional device restrict the improvement of the device performance and the improvement of the capture width ratio, and the improvement is still needed: for example, for the design of smooth connection among all the sections of the flow channel, the connection design of the air flow channel and the air inlet and outlet of the turbine, the position and the body type of the buoyancy cabin, the position of the anchoring system on the device and the like, the response of the device in waves and the flow state of the air inside and outside the device and the seawater are not in the optimal state, the turbulent motion energy dissipation is large, and the wave energy conversion efficiency is reduced.
Therefore, how to change the current situation that the wave energy utilization rate is low and the wave power generation device has weak viability in the prior art becomes a problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic wave power generation apparatus, which can maintain stable output under different sea conditions, improve power generation efficiency, realize automatic unloading and continuous power generation of the pneumatic power generation apparatus under high sea conditions, ensure safe and stable operation of the apparatus, improve reliability and viability, and overcome the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the pneumatic wave power generation device comprises a floating platform, an air turbine unit arranged on the floating platform and a mooring system for mooring the floating platform to a fixed sea area;
the floating platform is internally provided with an L-shaped seawater flow channel, a buoyancy cabin and an air flow channel; the L-shaped seawater flow channel comprises a horizontal section flow channel and a vertical section flow channel which are mutually communicated, the top wall of the horizontal section flow channel is a horizontal plane, the bottom wall of the horizontal section flow channel is a sawtooth surface, 1/4 circular arc transition is adopted at the joint between the top wall of the horizontal section flow channel and the side wall of the vertical section flow channel, an inclined plate is arranged between the bottom wall of the horizontal section flow channel and the side wall of the vertical section flow channel, and a space is defined by the inclined plate, the bottom wall of the horizontal section flow channel and the side wall of the vertical section flow channel together to be used as an auxiliary buoyancy chamber; a seawater runner opening is formed in one end, far away from the vertical section runner, of the horizontal section runner; the air flow channel adopts a streamline-body-type flow channel, the air flow channel is communicated with and arranged at the top of the vertical section flow channel, the tail end of the air flow channel is provided with an air flow channel opening, the air flow channel is provided with a pressure regulating valve group, and the pressure regulating valve group can be opened when the air pressure in the air flow channel is higher than a positive pressure relief threshold or lower than a negative pressure suction threshold; the air turbine set is installed at the air flow passage opening and is connected with the generator.
In some embodiments, the pressure regulating valve group comprises a positive pressure backpressure valve and a negative pressure backpressure valve, the positive pressure backpressure valve can be opened when the air pressure in the air flow channel is higher than a positive pressure relief threshold value, and the negative pressure backpressure valve can be opened when the air pressure in the air flow channel is lower than a negative pressure suction threshold value.
In some embodiments, streamline transition is adopted in sequence among the seawater runner port, the L-shaped seawater runner and the air runner; the seawater runner opening is a tapered runner opening.
In some embodiments, the air turbine set adopts a U-shaped flow channel impulse air turbine, the turbine axis of the U-shaped flow channel impulse air turbine is vertically arranged, the air flow channel is a streamline gradual change flow channel with a vertical axis, and the air flow channel is formed by gradually changing a top port of a vertical section flow channel of an L-shaped seawater flow channel from a top port to a round port matched with the air turbine set;
or the air turbine set adopts an I-shaped flow channel impulse type air turbine, the turbine axis of the I-shaped flow channel impulse type air turbine is horizontally arranged, the air flow channel is a streamline gradual change flow channel with the axis bent by 90 degrees, the air flow channel comprises a first gradual reducing section formed by vertically and upwards gradually reducing and transitioning a top port of a vertical section flow channel of an L-shaped seawater flow channel into a first circular port and a second gradual reducing section formed by 90-degree bending and gradually reducing and transitioning the first circular port into a circular port matched with the air turbine set, and the orientation of the second gradual reducing section is the same as the orientation of the horizontal starting end of the L-shaped seawater flow channel.
In some embodiments, the buoyancy compartment is disposed above the horizontal segment flow channel, and the horizontal cross section of the buoyancy compartment is streamlined with a water drop at the end far away from the vertical segment flow channel.
In some embodiments, the buoyancy chamber tank includes an equipment tank, a counterweight, and an empty tank, the empty tank for storing energy, the counterweight for adjusting a draft of the floating platform.
In some embodiments, a set of mooring systems is connected to the floating platform, the connection points of the mooring systems to the floating platform are longitudinally located at the trisections of the total length of the floating platform, and the trisections are located at the middle point of the total width of the floating platform, laterally away from the side of the seawater flow passage opening; the mooring system comprises an energy-absorbing part, an anchor, an elastic rope and an anchor chain, wherein the energy-absorbing part is connected with the floating platform through the elastic rope, the energy-absorbing part is connected with the anchor through the anchor chain, and the energy-absorbing part is made of energy-absorbing buffer materials.
In some embodiments, the air turbine assembly is mounted on the floating platform in a position such that a vertical distance from a static water surface of a lower edge of a suction/exhaust port on the air turbine assembly is not less than a maximum amplitude under a design wave condition; and a maintenance valve is arranged at the tail end of the air flow channel.
In some embodiments, the air turbine further comprises a control system, an air pressure sensor is arranged in the air flow channel and used for acquiring pressure in the air flow channel, a rotating speed sensor is arranged on the air turbine unit and used for acquiring the rotating speed of the air turbine unit, a voltage sensor and a current sensor are arranged on the generator, and the air pressure sensor, the rotating speed sensor, the voltage sensor and the current sensor are all connected with the control system; the control system is also capable of energizing the surface of the buoyant platform with a weak current.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the invention provides a pneumatic wave power generation device which comprises a floating platform, an air turbine unit and a mooring system, wherein the floating platform internally comprises an L-shaped seawater flow channel, an air flow channel and a buoyancy cabin; the floating type sea wave energy conversion device comprises an L-shaped sea water flow channel, an air turbine set, a pressure regulating valve set, a positive pressure backpressure valve and a negative pressure backpressure valve, wherein the air flow channel is communicated with the top of a vertical section flow channel of the L-shaped sea water flow channel, the sea water flow channel is arranged at one end, away from the vertical section flow channel, of a horizontal section flow channel, the tail end of the air flow channel is provided with the air flow channel, the air turbine set is arranged at the air flow channel and is connected with a generator, the air flow channel is provided with the pressure regulating valve set, specifically the positive pressure backpressure valve and the negative pressure backpressure valve, the floating type platform moves in multiple degrees of freedom under the action of waves to cause the up-and-down oscillation of a water-gas interface between the L-shaped sea water flow channel and the air flow channel, reciprocating circulating air flow is formed in the air turbine set, but blades rotate unidirectionally, so that bidirectional power generation is realized, the pressure is relieved and supplemented to the external environment under high sea conditions, the pneumatic energy and the low energy of wave energy conversion under the high sea conditions are respectively overcome, the load of the floating type sea platform is reduced, and the safety of the device is improved, The self-sustaining capability, the output stability and the power generation efficiency realize the automatic unloading and the continuous power generation of the pneumatic power generation device under the high sea condition.
2. The bottom wall of the horizontal section flow channel of the L-shaped seawater flow channel is a sawtooth surface, so that wave energy between two sawtooth teeth can be fully absorbed, the rolling amplitude of the floating platform is reduced, the transverse stability is increased, the radiation of wave energy is reduced, the oscillation amplitude of a water column in the flow channel is increased, and the wave energy capture width ratio is improved.
3. According to the pneumatic wave power generation device provided by the invention, the horizontal cross section of the buoyancy cabin is in a water drop streamline shape at one end of the back wave direction, and compared with the conventional square or fold line-shaped buoyancy cabin, the flow state of seawater flowing through the outside of the buoyancy cabin can be improved; the wave energy is guided to smoothly converge towards the seawater flow channel opening from two sides of the device in the transmission process, so that the flow velocity of the water body above the top of the flow channel is longitudinally parallel to the flow channel after flowing through two sides of the buoyancy cabin, the seawater is less collided with the side wall of the flow channel when being pushed into or taken away from the flow channel, the efficiency is higher, compared with the isosceles triangular prism-shaped buoyancy cabin, the wave transmission has basically no transverse flow velocity when passing through the water drop-shaped tip, and the water bodies on two sides do not collide when flowing to the tip of the water drop-shaped buoyancy cabin along with the wave, so that the turbulent dissipation of the outside seawater when flowing through two sides of the floating platform can be reduced, the wave energy entering the flow channel opening is increased, and the energy harvesting efficiency of the wave power generation device is improved.
4. According to the pneumatic wave power generation device provided by the invention, streamline transition is adopted among the seawater runner opening, the L-shaped seawater runner and the air runner in sequence, and streamline transition is also adopted among the horizontal section runner and the vertical section runner in the L-shaped seawater runner; compared with the conventional vortex phenomenon existing at the turning part and the runner opening of the vertical section and the horizontal section of the runner and the large flow loss of the water body, the invention realizes the smooth transition of the overflow in the runner, improves the fluid state of the fluid, reduces the turbulent fluctuation intensity, reduces the energy loss of the fluid in the runner and improves the energy harvesting efficiency of the wave power generation device.
5. According to the pneumatic wave power generation device provided by the invention, the air flow channel can adopt different streamline body type flow channels aiming at different types of air turbine units, so that the air inlet and outlet of the air turbine are ensured to be matched with the air flow channel in shape; the turning points at all positions of the streamline body form are in streamline tangent connection, so that the flow state in the air flow channel is improved, the flowing local energy loss is reduced, and the energy conversion efficiency is improved.
6. According to the pneumatic wave power generation device provided by the invention, the inclined plate is arranged between the bottom wall of the horizontal section and the side wall of the vertical section to form a space which is used as an auxiliary buoyancy cabin, so that the gravity center offset of the device caused by the installation of a turbine unit at the top of the flow channel of the vertical section can be improved.
7. According to the pneumatic wave power generation device provided by the invention, the position of the connecting point of the mooring system is repeatedly adjusted and optimized: the floating type energy harvesting device is longitudinally arranged at the trisection point (close to the incoming wave side) of the total length of the floating type platform and transversely arranged at the middle point of the total width of the floating type platform, at the moment, the floating type platform is relaxed and restrained to enable the floating type platform to generate optimal response under the action of waves, the coupling oscillation of the water column of the L-shaped flow channel and the floating body is triggered, the fluid is totally reflected in the flow channel, and the energy harvesting efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pneumatic wave power apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pneumatic wave power generation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of the structure of a floating platform according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a cutaway configuration of a floating platform in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of another configuration of a floating platform according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a floating platform according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the control system of the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a floating platform; 11. an L-shaped seawater flow channel; 12. a buoyancy compartment; 13. an air flow passage; 14. a seawater runner opening; 15. a positive pressure back pressure valve; 16. a negative pressure back pressure valve; 17. repairing the valve; 18. an auxiliary buoyancy compartment; 111. a horizontal section runner; 112. a vertical section runner; 121. an equipment compartment; 122. a balancing weight; 131. a first transition section; 132. a second transition section;
2. an air turbine unit;
3. a mooring system; 31. an energy absorbing component; 32. an anchor; 33. an elastic cord; 34. an anchor chain;
4. a generator;
5. a control system;
6. an air pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the objects, features and advantages of the invention can be more clearly understood. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely intended to illustrate the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3 and 7, the pneumatic wave power generation apparatus provided in this embodiment includes a floating platform 1, an air turbine unit 2 disposed on the floating platform 1, and a mooring system 3 for mooring the floating platform 1 to a fixed sea area;
wherein, an L-shaped seawater flow channel 11, a buoyancy chamber 12 and an air flow channel 13 are formed inside the floating platform 1; a seawater flow channel port 14 communicated with the horizontal starting end of the L-shaped seawater flow channel 11 is arranged on the floating platform 1, an air flow channel 13 is communicated with the vertical tail end of the L-shaped seawater flow channel 11, an air flow channel port is arranged at the tail end of the air flow channel 13, and a pressure regulating valve bank is arranged on the air flow channel 13 and can be opened when the air pressure in the air flow channel 13 is higher than a positive pressure decompression threshold value or lower than a negative pressure suction threshold value; air turbine set 2 is installed at the air flow passage port, and air turbine set 2 is connected to generator 4.
When the pneumatic wave power generation device provided by the invention is used, the floating platform 1 floats on the sea surface under the action of the buoyancy cabin 12 and is moored in a fixed sea area through the mooring system 3; when the floating platform 1 moves in multiple dimensions such as pitching, heaving, surging, etc. under the action of waves, seawater enters the L-shaped seawater flow channel 11 through the seawater flow channel opening 14, so that the water-air interface between the L-shaped seawater flow channel 11 and the air flow channel 13 fluctuates up and down. When the water level in the L-shaped seawater flow passage 11 rises, air in the air flow passage is compressed to form high-pressure gas, and the high-pressure gas flows to the outside through the air turbine set 2 to drive the fan blades of the air turbine set 2 to rotate, so as to drive the generator 4 to generate electricity; when the water level in the L-shaped seawater flow channel 11 is lowered, air in the air flow channel 13 forms low pressure, and the atmosphere is sucked into the air flow channel through the air turbine unit 2 to drive the generator 4 to generate electricity; in the above process, a reciprocating air flow is formed in the air turbine unit 2, but the blades rotate in one direction, thereby achieving bidirectional power generation.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 to 6, the pressure regulating valve group preferably includes a positive pressure back pressure valve 15 and a negative pressure back pressure valve 16 which are provided on the air flow passage 13, the positive pressure back pressure valve 15 is capable of opening pressure relief when the air pressure in the air flow passage 13 is higher than a positive pressure relief threshold, and the negative pressure back pressure valve 16 is capable of opening pressure compensation when the air pressure in the air flow passage 13 is lower than a negative pressure suction threshold. In general, the positive pressure back pressure valve 15 and the negative pressure back pressure valve 16 are both closed, and the gas in the air flow passage 13 and the outside atmosphere can be exchanged only by the air turbine unit 2, so that the pressure difference between the air flow passage 13 and the outside atmosphere is fully utilized to generate electricity. In a high sea state, the sea surface wave amplitude is large, the water-gas interface between the L-shaped sea water flow channel 11 and the air flow channel 13 may oscillate violently, and when the water-gas interface between the L-shaped sea water flow channel 11 and the air flow channel 13 rises too fast or too high, the excess air in the air flow channel may not be discharged in time only through the air turbine set 2, which may cause the air pressure in the air flow channel to be higher than the positive pressure relief threshold P 1 At the moment, the high-pressure gas jacks up the diaphragm of the positive-pressure back pressure valve 15, and redundant gas is discharged to the outside through the positive-pressure back pressure valve 15, so that the highest positive pressure in the air channel is not more than the positive-pressure relief threshold value. When the water-air interface between the L-shaped seawater channel 11 and the air channel is lowered too fast or too low, air may not be sucked in time to balance the internal and external pressure difference only through the air turbine set 2, which may cause the air pressure in the air channel to be lower than the negative pressure suction threshold P 2 At this time, the external atmospheric pressure will push open the diaphragm of the negative pressure back pressure valve 16, and flow into the air channel through the negative pressure back pressure valve 16, so as to ensure the air flowThe lowest negative pressure in the tract is not lower than the negative pressure inspiration threshold. The device realizes the pressure relief to the external environment when the positive pressure is excessive through the positive pressure back pressure valve 15, and realizes the pressure supplement to the air flow channel when the negative pressure is excessive through the negative pressure back pressure valve 16, and the pressure regulating mechanism can reduce the maximum pneumatic energy and play a role in protecting the air turbine. When waves are irregular in actual sea conditions, the ratio of the maximum pneumatic energy of extreme sea conditions to the average pneumatic energy of normal sea conditions is 8.8, and is greatly reduced compared with 33 of a conventional device without a pressure regulating valve group (the ratio of the maximum pneumatic energy of extreme sea conditions to the average pneumatic energy of normal sea conditions), so that the pressure regulating valve group well solves the contradiction of safety of the device in extreme sea conditions and high efficiency of normal sea conditions, ensures the safety of an air turbine set and a generator, realizes the normal power generation of the device under high sea conditions and even extra-large sea conditions, and improves the self-sustaining capability and the output stability of the device. The arrangement of the pressure regulating valve group ensures that the power generation device can maintain stable output under different sea conditions, improves the reliability and the viability of the device, improves the utilization rate of wave energy and the power generation efficiency, reduces the load of a platform and a mooring system under high sea conditions, and ensures the safety of the device.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the positive pressure back pressure valve 15 and the negative pressure back pressure valve 16 are both two, the two positive pressure back pressure valves 15 and the two negative pressure back pressure valves 16 are both symmetrically arranged on the air passage 13 with respect to the air turbine set 2 to ensure symmetry of the load, and at the same time, the two positive pressure back pressure valves 15 or the two negative pressure back pressure valves 16 are backup to each other, and when one of them fails, the other can still complete emergency pressure relief or emergency pressure compensation, thereby increasing the safety factor of the power generation device of the present invention in emergency.
In the above embodiment, preferably, streamline transitions are sequentially adopted among the seawater runner opening 14, the L-shaped seawater runner 11 and the air runner 13, and compared with the turning points of the vertical section and the horizontal section of the conventional runner and the gate of the runner opening, which have the eddy phenomenon and the large flow loss of the water body, the invention uses the streamline body type to realize the smooth transition of the overflowing in the runner, improves the fluid state of the fluid, reduces the turbulence intensity, reduces the energy loss of the fluid in the runner and improves the energy harvesting efficiency of the wave power generation device. For example, when rounded streamline transition with optimal size is adopted at the junction of the top wall of the seawater flow channel 11 and the side wall of the air flow channel 13, energy capture efficiency can be improved by about 15% compared with transition in a conventional form.
In the above embodiment, preferably, as shown in fig. 3 to 6, the L-shaped seawater flow channel 11 includes a horizontal flow channel 111 and a vertical flow channel 112 that are communicated with each other, a top wall of the horizontal flow channel 111 is a horizontal plane, a bottom wall of the horizontal flow channel 111 is a sawtooth plane, a junction between the top wall of the horizontal flow channel 111 and a side wall of the vertical flow channel 112 is a streamline transition (for example, 1/4 arc transition), an inclined plate is disposed between the bottom wall of the horizontal flow channel 111 and the side wall of the vertical flow channel 112, and the inclined plate, the bottom wall of the horizontal flow channel 111 and the side wall of the vertical flow channel 112 jointly enclose a space to serve as the auxiliary buoyancy compartment 18; the buoyancy chambers 12 are distributed above the horizontal section flow passage 111, and the seawater flow passage opening 14 is arranged at one end of the horizontal section flow passage 111 far away from the vertical section flow passage 112. The joint between the top wall of the horizontal section flow channel 111 and the side wall of the vertical section flow channel 112 adopts 1/4 circular arc transition, smooth transition of overflowing in the L-shaped seawater flow channel 11 can be realized, the fluid state of fluid is improved, the turbulence intensity is reduced, the energy loss of the fluid in the flow channel is reduced, and the energy harvesting efficiency of the wave power generation device is improved; according to measurement and calculation, the bottom surface of the horizontal section flow channel is in a zigzag shape, and compared with the bottom surface of a conventional flat plate, the energy harvesting efficiency can be improved by at least 27%; in addition, the auxiliary buoyancy cabin 18 can improve the gravity center offset of the device caused by the installation of the turbine unit at the top of the flow channel of the vertical section, compared with the traditional device, the auxiliary buoyancy cabin can provide extra buoyancy for the vertical section of the flow channel, and the bending moment load of the keel caused by the balance weight in the traditional device is reduced while the stern inclination of the correcting device is corrected. It should be understood that the end of the horizontal section flow passage 111 away from the vertical section flow passage 112 is the horizontal starting end of the L-shaped seawater flow passage, and the top of the vertical section flow passage 112 is the vertical tail end of the L-shaped seawater flow passage.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that the seawater flow crossing 14 is a tapered flow crossing to increase the inflow of seawater and reduce the energy loss during inflow.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the air flow channel 13 may adopt different streamline body type flow channels for different types of air turbine units, so as to ensure that the air flow channel opening of the air flow channel 13 matches with the air inlet and outlet of the air turbine, and meanwhile, turning points at various positions of the streamline body type are all in streamline tangent connection, so as to improve the flow state in the air flow channel 13, reduce local energy loss of the flow, and be beneficial to improving the energy conversion efficiency.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the air turbine unit 2 may employ an I-channel impulse air turbine or a U-channel impulse air turbine. As shown in fig. 5, when the air turbine set 2 is an I-type flow channel impulse air turbine, the turbine axis of the I-type flow channel impulse air turbine is arranged horizontally, the air flow channel 13 is a streamline gradual change flow channel with an axis turning by 90 °, the air flow channel 13 includes a first gradual change section 131 (the first gradual change section 131 is a vertex in the embodiment shown in the drawing) formed by a vertical end port of the L-type seawater flow channel 11 tapering vertically upward into a first circular port, and a second gradual change section 132 (the second gradual change section 132 is an arc gradual change section in the embodiment shown in the drawing) formed by a 90 ° turn gradual change of the first circular port into a circular port adapted to the air turbine set 2, and the second gradual change section 132 faces substantially the same direction as the horizontal start end of the L-type seawater flow channel 11. As shown in fig. 6, when the air turbine set 2 adopts a U-shaped flow channel impulse type air turbine, the turbine axis of the U-shaped flow channel impulse type air turbine is vertically arranged, the air flow channel 13 is a streamline tapered flow channel having a vertical axis (in the embodiment shown in the drawing, the streamline tapered flow channel is a zenith tapered flow channel), and the air flow channel 13 is formed by vertically and upwardly tapering a vertical end port of the L-shaped seawater flow channel 11 to a circular port adapted to the air turbine set 2.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that the air turbine unit 2 is installed on the floating platform 1 in such a position that the vertical distance from the static water surface of the lower edge of the suction/discharge port of the air turbine unit 2 is not less than the maximum amplitude under the design wave conditions, thereby ensuring that the blades of the air turbine unit 2 are not damaged by the wave blows.
In the above embodiment, preferably, as shown in fig. 7, the air flow channel 13 is provided with a service valve 17 at the end thereof, so as to separate the air flow channel 13 from the turbine assembly during maintenance and repair, thereby avoiding the turbine blade from rotating due to the oscillation of the water-air interface and ensuring the safe maintenance and repair of the device.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the buoyancy module 12 is disposed above the horizontal section flow channel 111, and the horizontal cross section of the buoyancy module 12 is streamlined by water drops at the end far away from the vertical section flow channel 112, compared with the conventional square or fold-line shaped buoyancy module, it can improve the flow state of seawater flowing through the outside of the buoyancy module 12: the wave energy is guided to smoothly converge towards the seawater flow port 114 from two sides of the device in the transmission process, so that the flow velocity of the water body above the top of the flow channel is longitudinally parallel to the flow channel after flowing through two sides of the buoyancy cabin 12, the water body is easier to enter the flow channel, the turbulent dissipation of the outside seawater when flowing through two sides of the floating platform can be reduced, the wave energy entering the flow channel port is increased, and the energy harvesting efficiency of the wave power generation device is improved. Through calculation, the water drop type buoyancy cabin adopted by the invention obviously reduces the collision loss of wave flow and the cabin wall, and the energy harvesting efficiency is improved by about 11 percent compared with that of a device with a conventional shape.
In the above embodiment, preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the buoyancy chamber 12 includes an equipment chamber 121, a weight 122 and an empty chamber, the empty chamber may be further designed for storing energy, the weight 122 is used for adjusting the draft of the floating platform 1, the position of the weight 122 in the buoyancy chamber 12 may be adjusted according to the actual condition of the weight distribution of the floating platform 1, and the weight 122 is generally disposed on one side of the buoyancy chamber 12 close to the seawater channel opening 7.
In the above embodiment, preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the mooring system 3 includes an energy absorbing member 31, an anchor 32, an elastic rope 33, and a chain 34, the energy absorbing member 32 is connected to the floating platform 1 through the elastic rope 33, the energy absorbing member 31 is connected to the anchor 32 through the chain 34, and the energy absorbing member 31 is made of an energy absorbing and buffering material; the mooring system 3 adopts a form of combining the energy-absorbing part 31, the elastic rope 33 and the anchor chain 34, so that the mooring system 3 can meet the mooring requirements of deep sea and shallow sea, and meanwhile, the energy-absorbing part 31 and the elastic rope 33 can partially absorb the impact of waves on the floating platform 1 and the mooring system 3, thereby reducing the load of the mooring system and improving the reliability and the viability of the whole device.
In the above embodiment, preferably, a group of mooring systems 3 are connected to the floating platform 1, and the connection point of the mooring system 3 and the floating platform 1 is longitudinally located at the trisection point of the total length of the floating platform 1, and the trisection point is far away from the side of the seawater runner port; the floating type energy harvesting device is transversely positioned at the middle point of the total width of the floating platform 1, at the moment, the floating platform 1 is subjected to relaxation constraint, so that the floating platform 1 can generate optimal response under the action of waves, the coupling oscillation of the water column of the L-shaped flow channel 11 and the floating body is triggered, the fluid is totally reflected in the flow channel, and the energy harvesting efficiency is improved; under the action of the incoming wave, the seawater flow channel opening 14 of the floating platform 1 automatically faces to the direction opposite to the incoming wave.
In the above embodiment, preferably, as shown in fig. 7, the present invention further includes a control system 5, an air pressure sensor 6 is disposed in the air flow passage 13 and is used for collecting pressure in the air flow passage 13, a rotation speed sensor is disposed on the air turbine unit 2 and is used for collecting rotation speed of the air turbine unit 2, a voltage sensor and a current sensor are disposed on the generator 4, the air pressure sensor, the rotation speed sensor, the voltage sensor and the current sensor are all connected to the control system 5, the control system 5 can detect output power of the generator according to data transmitted by the voltage sensor and the current sensor, and the control system 5 controls opening and closing and rotation speed of the air turbine unit 2 according to data information transmitted by the sensors, so as to control output of the wave power generation device to be stable and improve power generation efficiency of the device; the control system 5 is also capable of energizing the surface of the buoyant platform 1 with a weak current to prevent marine growth from adhering to the surface of the buoyant platform 1.
The present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, and the structure, arrangement, and connection of the respective members may be changed. On the basis of the technical scheme of the invention, the improvement or equivalent transformation of the individual parts according to the principle of the invention is not excluded from the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A pneumatic wave power generation device is characterized in that: the system comprises a floating platform, an air turbine unit arranged on the floating platform and a mooring system for mooring the floating platform to a fixed sea area;
the floating platform is internally provided with an L-shaped seawater flow channel, a buoyancy cabin and an air flow channel; the L-shaped seawater flow channel comprises a horizontal section flow channel and a vertical section flow channel which are mutually communicated, the top wall of the horizontal section flow channel is a horizontal plane, the bottom wall of the horizontal section flow channel is a sawtooth surface, 1/4 circular arc transition is adopted at the joint between the top wall of the horizontal section flow channel and the side wall of the vertical section flow channel, an inclined plate is arranged between the bottom wall of the horizontal section flow channel and the side wall of the vertical section flow channel, and the inclined plate, the bottom wall of the horizontal section flow channel and the side wall of the vertical section flow channel jointly enclose a space to serve as an auxiliary buoyancy chamber; a seawater runner opening is formed in one end, far away from the vertical section runner, of the horizontal section runner; the air flow channel adopts a streamline-body-type flow channel, the air flow channel is communicated with and arranged at the top of the vertical section flow channel, the tail end of the air flow channel is provided with an air flow channel opening, the air flow channel is provided with a pressure regulating valve group, and the pressure regulating valve group can be opened when the air pressure in the air flow channel is higher than a positive pressure relief threshold or lower than a negative pressure suction threshold; the air turbine set is arranged at the air flow passage opening and is connected with a generator;
the horizontal cross section of the buoyancy cabin is in a water drop streamline shape at one end far away from the vertical section flow channel.
2. A pneumatic wave power apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the pressure regulating valve group is including setting up malleation backpressure valve and negative pressure backpressure valve on the air runner, the malleation backpressure valve can open when the air pressure in the air runner is higher than malleation pressure release threshold value, the negative pressure backpressure valve can open when the air pressure in the air runner is less than the negative pressure threshold value of breathing in.
3. A pneumatic wave power apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: streamline transition is adopted among the seawater runner port, the L-shaped seawater runner and the air runner in sequence; the seawater runner opening is a tapered runner opening.
4. A pneumatic wave power apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the air turbine set adopts a U-shaped flow channel impulse type air turbine, the turbine axis of the U-shaped flow channel impulse type air turbine is vertically arranged, the air flow channel is a streamline gradual change flow channel with a vertical axis, and the air flow channel is formed by vertically and upwards gradually changing and transiting a top port of a vertical section flow channel of an L-shaped seawater flow channel into a round port matched with the air turbine set;
or the air turbine set adopts an I-shaped flow channel impulse type air turbine, the turbine axis of the I-shaped flow channel impulse type air turbine is horizontally arranged, the air flow channel is a streamline gradual change flow channel with the axis of 90-degree turning, the air flow channel comprises a first gradual reducing section formed by vertically and upwards reducing and transiting the top port of a vertical section flow channel of the L-shaped seawater flow channel into a first circular port and a second gradual reducing section formed by vertically and upwards reducing and transiting the top port of the vertical section flow channel into a circular port matched with the air turbine set through the 90-degree turning gradual reducing of the first circular port, and the orientation of the second gradual reducing section is the same as the orientation of the horizontal starting end of the L-shaped seawater flow channel.
5. A pneumatic wave power apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the buoyancy cabin is arranged above the horizontal section flow channel.
6. A wave power apparatus according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: the buoyancy cabin comprises an equipment cabin, a balancing weight and an empty cabin, wherein the empty cabin is used for storing energy, and the balancing weight is used for adjusting the draft of the floating platform.
7. A pneumatic wave power apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: connecting a group of mooring systems on the floating platform, wherein the connecting points of the mooring systems and the floating platform are longitudinally positioned at trisection points of the total length of the floating platform, and the trisection points are far away from one side of a seawater runner port and transversely positioned at the midpoint of the total width of the floating platform; the mooring system comprises an energy-absorbing part, an anchor, an elastic rope and an anchor chain, wherein the energy-absorbing part is connected with the floating platform through the elastic rope, the energy-absorbing part is connected with the anchor through the anchor chain, and the energy-absorbing part is made of energy-absorbing buffer materials.
8. A pneumatic wave power apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the mounting position of the air turbine unit on the floating platform is such that the vertical distance between the lower edge of an air suction/exhaust port on the air turbine unit and a static water surface is not lower than the maximum amplitude under the design wave condition; and a maintenance valve is arranged in the air flow channel.
9. A pneumatic wave power apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air turbine set is provided with a rotating speed sensor for acquiring the rotating speed of the air turbine set, the generator is provided with a voltage sensor and a current sensor, and the air pressure sensor, the rotating speed sensor, the voltage sensor and the current sensor are all connected with the control system; the control system is also capable of energizing the surface of the floating platform with a low current.
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| CN114876713B (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2023-04-07 | 清华大学 | Pneumatic wave power generation device and double-body pneumatic wave power generation ship |
| CN116816579B (en) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-11-07 | 华南理工大学 | Multiple wave-collecting oscillation water column type wave energy power generation device array based on energy-collecting plate |
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