CN112943105A - Wide-edge cutting tooth, PDC drill bit and tooth arrangement method - Google Patents
Wide-edge cutting tooth, PDC drill bit and tooth arrangement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112943105A CN112943105A CN201911255255.1A CN201911255255A CN112943105A CN 112943105 A CN112943105 A CN 112943105A CN 201911255255 A CN201911255255 A CN 201911255255A CN 112943105 A CN112943105 A CN 112943105A
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- cutting
- wide
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- tooth
- teeth
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
- E21B10/43—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits characterised by the arrangement of teeth or other cutting elements
Abstract
The invention relates to a wide-blade cutting tooth, a PDC drill bit and a tooth arrangement method. The cutting teeth on the drill bit body are wide-edge cutting teeth, the curvature of the wide cutting edge of each wide-edge cutting tooth is smaller than that of the original cutting edge of each wide-edge cutting tooth or the wide cutting edge of each wide-edge cutting tooth is a straight line, and the radial cutting profile of the drill bit is more matched with the radial gear distribution profile by adopting the wide-edge cutting teeth. The invention aims to solve the problem of abrasion of the PDC drill bit by the structure of the drill bit, prolong the abrasion service life of the cutting teeth, ensure that the abrasion of the cutting teeth conforms to the expected abrasion trend, have stronger damage prediction on the drill bit and are beneficial to design and improvement; the reasonable distribution of rock breaking energy is realized, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil drilling tools, in particular to a wide-blade cutting tooth, a PDC drill bit and a tooth arrangement method.
Background
PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) bits are one of the most used rock breaking tools in oil and gas drilling engineering at present. Most PDC drill bits are in a blade type structure form, PDC teeth are arranged on the blade crown of the drill bit body, and hydraulic flow channels of the drill bits are formed among blades. The PDC tooth is formed by polycrystalline diamond layer and carbide base complex, and traditional PDC tooth adopts cylindrical tooth, and the cutting profile of drill bit is constituteed to cylindrical PDC tooth one by one. The cutting profile formed by the cylindrical teeth is different from the theoretical profile, so that the difference between the actual rock breaking working state of the drill bit and the ideal design working condition is larger, the working condition and the abrasion damage condition of the drill bit are difficult to analyze, and the design optimization of the drill bit is difficult; in the tooth arrangement of the drill bit, the rock ridge phenomenon of the drill bit can be caused by adopting the cylindrical tooth arrangement, and in order to slow down the phenomenon, the cylindrical tooth needs to be subjected to tooth arrangement in an encrypted manner; when the cylindrical tooth is drilled, the contact circular arc of the tooth and the rock at the bottom of the well changes the direct invasion into the envelope of a curve, the contact area is increased, and the penetration (invasion) capacity of the tooth and a drill bit is weakened.
The wear of the cutting teeth of PDC drill bits is a very complicated process, which is a result of the combined mechanical, thermal, and chemical effects of frictional wear, spalling wear, adhesive wear, and oxidation wear. Among them, frictional wear is a physical phenomenon that exists in any cutting process of a tool.
With the continuous depletion of shallow layer oil and gas resources, oil and gas exploration and development are changing from conventional oil and gas reservoirs to low-permeability and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, and developing from shallow layers to deep layers and ultra-deep layers, so that the difficulty of drilling is increasing. The conventional PDC drill bit is adopted in the stratum with extremely hard, strong abrasiveness, hard plasticity and the like, the mechanical drilling speed is low, and the service life is short, so that the problem of drilling speed increase of the stratum which is difficult to drill needs to be solved by adopting a novel PDC drill bit and a tooth arrangement method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wide-blade cutting tooth, a PDC drill bit and a tooth arrangement method, and aims to solve the problem of abrasion of the PDC drill bit through the structure of the drill bit, so that reasonable distribution of rock breaking energy is realized, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the wide-edge cutting teeth, the PDC drill bit and the tooth arrangement method comprise a drill bit body and cutting teeth arranged on the drill bit body, wherein at least one cutting tooth on the drill bit body is a wide-edge cutting tooth, the curvature of a wide cutting edge of the wide-edge cutting tooth is smaller than that of an original cutting edge of the wide-edge cutting tooth or the wide cutting edge is a straight line, or the curvature of the profile of the wide cutting edge of the wide-edge cutting tooth is smaller than that of the original cutting edge of the wide-edge cutting tooth or the profile of the wide cutting edge is a straight line, the range of the distance S from the profile of the wide cutting edge or the wide cutting edge to the center of the original cutting edge is 0.2R-S, and S is not less than 0.95R, and R is the radius or the short diameter of the.
In this patent, it is specified that the distance between the center of the original cutting edge of the cutting tooth and the farthest point on the wide cutting edge is S in the direction perpendicular to the line connecting the two end points of the wide cutting edge.
The overlapping degree refers to that the original cutting edge radiuses of two adjacent teeth on the drill bit in the radial direction are R1 and R2 respectively, the distance between the tooth centers of the two adjacent teeth is L, and the overlapping degree of the two teeth is (R1+ R2-L)/(R1+ R2). The original cutting edge is a finished cutting edge other than the wide cutting edge of the cutting tooth (as shown in fig. 5, the cutting edge 7 of the cutting tooth finished with the original cutting edge is the original cutting edge).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the wide-edge cutting teeth are adopted on the drill bit, the contact surface of the wide-edge cutting teeth and the rock is a straight tooth line or a curve with a larger curvature radius, the initial tooth abrasion phenomenon of a conventional drill bit in the rock breaking process is reduced through the tooth-shaped structure, the abrasion service life of the cutting teeth is prolonged, the condition of damaging PDC teeth or even a body is reduced, meanwhile, the tooth-shaped structure conforms to the expected abrasion trend, the damage predictability of the drill bit is stronger, the analysis and optimization on the working performance of the drill bit before and after abrasion are facilitated, and the design and the improvement are facilitated.
(2) By adopting a wide-edge tooth-shaped structure, the radial cutting profile of the drill bit is more consistent with the radial gear distribution profile. Conventional PDC bits use circular tooth layout, and the theoretical radial cutting profile of the bit differs greatly from the actual radial layout (as shown in fig. 11). The contact profile of the cutting teeth of the conventional round-tooth drill bit and the rock is greatly different from the design profile, and the design error is large. The actual contact profile of the cutting tooth with the rock differs more from the design profile, especially when the drill bit has a shallow bite.
(3) The tooth-shaped structure with the wide cutting edge can reduce the number of the teeth. The conventional PDC drill bit adopts circular teeth for tooth arrangement, in order to enable the cutting profile to be closer to the theoretical design profile, the circular teeth are required to be closely arranged on a radial tooth arrangement diagram, and the tooth arrangement density of the cutting teeth is very high. The cutting teeth with wide cutting edges can reach or approach the theoretical design profile without being arranged on a radial tooth distribution diagram in an encrypted manner, so that the number and density of the tooth distribution can be obviously reduced, and the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit is improved.
(4) Compared with a round cutting tooth, the cutting profile of the drill bit adopts a wide-edge cutting tooth, the load and cutting energy distribution between the tooth and the tooth are more balanced, the reasonable distribution of crushing energy can be realized, the tooth distribution design is facilitated, and the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit is improved.
Preferably, the wide-edge cutting tooth is made of polycrystalline diamond compact, diamond-impregnated tooth (block), cubic boron carbide, hard alloy tooth or tooth formed by compounding polycrystalline diamond and diamond-impregnated tooth.
In practical drilling application, the appropriate gear material can be selected as the cutting tooth according to different stratum conditions and economy.
Preferably, the wide-edged cutting teeth are disposed within one-half of the radius of the drill.
Because the core of the drill bit has larger pressure bearing, the cutting teeth are arranged in the half radius area of the drill bit, so that the penetration capacity can be improved, and the efficiency is further improved.
Preferably, the wide-edged cutting teeth are arranged in the two-thirds radius region of the drill.
During the drilling process, the wider the range of the wide-edge cutting teeth is, the closer the cutting profile of the drill bit is to the design theoretical profile, and the smaller the error of design or optimization. The wider the range of wide-margin cutter settings, the more aggressive the drill bit, and the higher the drilling efficiency.
Preferably, the dihedral angle a between the tooth side corresponding to the wide cutting edge of the wide-edge cutting tooth and the cutting surface is less than 105 °.
The larger the dihedral angle between the tooth side corresponding to the wide cutting edge of the wide-lip cutting tooth and the cutting surface, the higher the tooth edge strength, but the dihedral angle should not be too large so as not to reduce the cutting ability.
Preferably, the dihedral angle a between the tooth side corresponding to the wide cutting edge of the wide-edge cutting tooth and the cutting surface is a right angle or an acute angle.
The dihedral angle between the tooth side corresponding to the wide cutting edge of the wide-edge cutting tooth and the cutting surface is a right angle or an acute angle, so that the cutting tooth has strong biting capability.
Preferably, the dihedral angle A between the tooth side corresponding to the wide cutting edge of the wide-edge cutting tooth and the cutting surface is 70 DEG-90 deg.
The dihedral angle between the tooth side corresponding to the wide cutting edge of the wide-edge cutting tooth and the cutting surface is close to a right angle, so that the drill bit has better cutting capability and ensures the strength of the cutting tooth.
Preferably, the radial arrangement overlapping degree between the wide-edge cutting teeth is greater than zero, and the radial arrangement overlapping degree between the wide-edge cutting teeth and the wide-edge cutting teeth is less than 1.
The radial arrangement overlapping degree between the wide-edge cutting teeth is larger than zero, so that the full coverage of the well bottom is ensured, and the factors such as economy, aggressivity and the like are considered, so that the radial arrangement overlapping degree is not too high.
Preferably, the radial arrangement overlapping degree between the wide-edge cutting teeth is greater than zero, and the radial arrangement overlapping degree between the wide-edge cutting teeth and the wide-edge cutting teeth is less than 0.5.
The radial arrangement overlapping degree of the wide-edge cutting teeth is larger than zero, so that the bottom hole is fully covered, and meanwhile, the overlapping degree is not too large in order to ensure the aggressiveness of the drill bit.
Preferably, the wide cutting edge of the wide cutting tooth is serrated, or is a multi-step curve, or is a combination of a straight line and a curve, the profile of the wide cutting edge is defined by a plurality of vertices of the above-mentioned shape line, and the curvature of the profile of the wide cutting edge is smaller than the curvature of the original cutting edge of the wide cutting tooth or the profile of the wide cutting edge is a straight line.
The wide cutting edge of the wide-edge cutting tooth is in a sawtooth shape, or is in a multi-section curve shape, and the like, so that the broken openings on the surface of the rock are uneven in the drilling process, local eating and scraping are facilitated, and the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit is improved.
Drawings
The patent is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a PDC drill bit using wide-cutting-edge cutting teeth;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a PDC drill bit using wide-bladed cutting teeth as viewed along the bit axis;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a PDC bit with wide-cutting-edge cutting teeth for local tooth arrangement;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a PDC bit having wide-edged teeth disposed within two-thirds of the radius of the bit;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a tooth edge of a curved wide-cutting-edge cutting tooth;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a serrated wide-edge cutting tooth edge;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a linear wide-cutting-edge cutting tooth blade;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a wide-cutting-edge cutting tooth in which a dihedral angle A between the tooth side corresponding to the wide cutting edge and the cutting surface is an obtuse angle;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a wide-cutting-edge cutting tooth in which the dihedral angle A between the tooth side corresponding to the wide cutting edge and the cutting surface is a right angle;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a wide-cutting-edge cutting tooth in which the dihedral angle A between the tooth side corresponding to the wide cutting edge and the cutting surface is an acute angle;
FIG. 11 is a comparison of cutting profiles for a round cutting tooth versus a wide edge cutting tooth when radially overlaid;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the radial overlap of the linear wide-edge cutting teeth greater than zero and less than 0.5.
Fig. 13 is a schematic view showing that the radial arrangement overlapping degree between the curved wide-edge cutting teeth and the wide-edge cutting teeth is greater than zero and less than 0.5.
In the figure, 1-bit body, 2-blade, 3-wide-edge cutting tooth, 4-conventional cylindrical cutting tooth, 5-nozzle water hole, 6-wide cutting edge, 7-original cutting edge, 8-profile of wide cutting edge, 9-cutting surface and 10-flank.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail with reference to the following drawings, which illustrate specific embodiments, structures, features, and functions of the invention:
the first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 to 7, a wide-edge cutting tooth, a PDC drill bit and a tooth arrangement method include a bit body 1 and cutting teeth 4 arranged on the bit body 1, at least one cutting tooth on the bit body is a wide-edge cutting tooth 3, the curvature of a wide cutting edge 6 of the wide-edge cutting tooth 3 is smaller than the curvature of an original cutting edge 7 of the wide-edge cutting tooth 3 (as shown in fig. 5) or the wide cutting edge 6 is a straight line (as shown in fig. 7), or the curvature of a profile 8 of the wide cutting edge 6 of the wide-edge cutting tooth 3 is smaller than the curvature of the original cutting edge 7 of the wide-edge cutting tooth 3 or the profile 8 of the wide cutting edge is a straight line (as shown in fig. 6), and the range of a distance S from the profile 8 of the wide cutting edge 6 or the wide cutting edge to the center of the original cutting edge 7 is 0.2R ≦ S ≦ 0.95; the wide-cutting-edge cutting teeth 3 are polycrystalline diamond compacts, impregnated diamond teeth (blocks), cubic boron carbide, hard alloy teeth or teeth formed by compounding polycrystalline diamond and impregnated diamond; as shown in fig. 2, the wide-edge cutting teeth 3 are arranged in the half radius area of the drill bit (fig. 1 and 2); as shown in fig. 8, the dihedral angle a of the flank 10 corresponding to the wide cutting edge 6 of the wide edge cutting tooth 3 and the cutting face 9 is less than 105 °; as shown in fig. 5, 6, and 7, the wide cutting edge 8 of the wide cutting tooth 3 is a circular arc (fig. 5), a saw-toothed shape (fig. 6), or a multi-step curve, or a combination of a straight line and a curved line, the contour 8 (8 in fig. 6) of the wide cutting edge 6 is defined by a plurality of vertexes of the above-described shape line, and the curvature of the contour 8 of the wide cutting edge 6 is smaller than the curvature of the original cutting edge 7 of the wide cutting tooth 3 or the contour 8 of the wide cutting edge 6 is a straight line (fig. 7). The wide-edge cutting teeth 3 are continuously arranged in the radial direction of the drill bit, the radial arrangement overlapping degree between the wide-edge cutting teeth and the wide-edge cutting teeth is larger than zero, and the radial arrangement overlapping degree between the wide-edge cutting teeth and the wide-edge cutting teeth is smaller than 1.
Example two:
as shown in fig. 4, the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the wide-edged cutting teeth 3 are arranged in the region of the two thirds of the radius of the drill.
Example three:
as shown in fig. 9, the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the dihedral angle a between the flank 10 corresponding to the wide cutting edge 6 of the wide edge cutting tooth 3 and the cutting surface 9 is a right angle or an acute angle.
Example four:
as shown in fig. 10, the present embodiment is different from the third embodiment in that: the range of the dihedral angle A between the tooth side 10 corresponding to the wide cutting edge 6 of the wide cutting edge cutting tooth 3 and the cutting surface 9 is 70-90 degrees.
Example five:
as shown in fig. 12 and 13, the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the wide-edge cutting teeth 3 are continuously arranged in the radial direction of the drill bit, the radial arrangement overlapping degree between the wide-edge cutting teeth and the wide-edge cutting teeth is larger than zero, and the radial arrangement overlapping degree between the wide-edge cutting teeth and the wide-edge cutting teeth is smaller than 0.5.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A wide-edge cutting tooth, a PDC drill bit and a tooth distribution method comprise a drill bit body and cutting teeth arranged on the drill bit body, and are characterized in that: at least one cutting tooth on the drill body is a wide-edge cutting tooth, the curvature of a wide cutting edge of the wide-edge cutting tooth is smaller than that of an original cutting edge of the wide-edge cutting tooth or the wide cutting edge is a straight line, or the curvature of the profile of the wide cutting edge of the wide-edge cutting tooth is smaller than that of the original cutting edge of the wide-edge cutting tooth or the profile of the wide cutting edge is a straight line, the range of the distance S from the profile of the wide cutting edge or the wide cutting edge to the center of the original cutting edge is 0.2R-0.95R, and R is the radius or the short diameter of the original cutting edge.
2. The wide-cutting-edge cutter, PDC bit and the tooth arrangement method according to claim 1, wherein: the wide-blade cutting teeth are polycrystalline diamond compacts, impregnated diamond teeth (blocks), cubic boron carbide, hard alloy teeth or teeth formed by compounding polycrystalline diamond and impregnated diamond.
3. The wide-cutting-edge cutter, PDC bit and the tooth arrangement method according to claim 1, wherein: the wide-edge cutting teeth are arranged in the half radius area of the drill bit.
4. The wide-cutting-edge cutter, PDC bit and the tooth arrangement method according to claim 1, wherein: the wide-edge cutting teeth are arranged in the two-third radius area of the drill bit.
5. The wide-cutting-edge cutter, PDC bit and the tooth arrangement method according to claim 1, wherein: the dihedral angle A between the tooth side corresponding to the wide cutting edge of the wide-edge cutting tooth and the cutting surface is less than 105 degrees.
6. The wide-cutting-edge cutter, PDC bit and the tooth arrangement method according to claim 5, wherein: the dihedral angle A between the tooth side corresponding to the wide cutting edge of the wide-edge cutting tooth and the cutting surface is a right angle or an acute angle.
7. The wide-cutting-edge cutter, PDC bit and the method for distributing teeth of claim 6, wherein: the range of a dihedral angle A between the tooth side corresponding to the wide cutting edge of the wide-edge cutting tooth and the cutting surface is more than or equal to 70 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees.
8. The wide-cutting-edge cutter, PDC bit and the tooth arrangement method according to claim 1, wherein: the wide-edge cutting teeth are continuously arranged in the radial direction of the drill bit, the radial arrangement overlapping degree between the wide-edge cutting teeth is larger than zero, and the radial arrangement overlapping degree between the wide-edge cutting teeth and the wide-edge cutting teeth is smaller than 1.
9. The wide-edged cutting tooth and PDC bit and tooth distribution method according to claim 8, wherein: the radial arrangement overlapping degree between the wide-edge cutting teeth and the wide-edge cutting teeth is less than 0.5.
10. The wide-cutting-edge cutter, PDC bit and the tooth arrangement method according to claim 1, wherein: the wide cutting edge of the wide-edge cutting tooth is serrated, or is a multi-section curve, or is a combination of a straight line and a curve, the profile of the wide cutting edge is determined by a plurality of vertexes of the shape line, and the curvature of the profile of the wide cutting edge is smaller than that of the original cutting edge of the wide-edge cutting tooth or the profile of the wide cutting edge is a straight line.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911255255.1A CN112943105A (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2019-12-10 | Wide-edge cutting tooth, PDC drill bit and tooth arrangement method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911255255.1A CN112943105A (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2019-12-10 | Wide-edge cutting tooth, PDC drill bit and tooth arrangement method |
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| CN112943105A true CN112943105A (en) | 2021-06-11 |
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| CN201911255255.1A Pending CN112943105A (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2019-12-10 | Wide-edge cutting tooth, PDC drill bit and tooth arrangement method |
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| US20150047912A1 (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2015-02-19 | Drilformance Technologies, Llc | Drill bit and cutters for a drill bit |
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| US20160130881A1 (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2016-05-12 | Smith International, Inc. | Cutting elements and bits for sidetracking |
| US20170175452A1 (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-22 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Cutting elements, earth-boring tools including cutting elements, and methods of forming cutting elements |
| US20180043508A1 (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2018-02-15 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Methods for laser cutting a polycrystalline diamond structure |
| CN109505522A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-03-22 | 史密斯国际有限公司 | Cutting element with non-planar surfaces and the tool in conjunction with the cutting element |
| CN211524716U (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-09-18 | 成都海锐能源科技有限公司 | PDC drill bit with wide blade cutting teeth |
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2019
- 2019-12-10 CN CN201911255255.1A patent/CN112943105A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5740874A (en) * | 1995-05-02 | 1998-04-21 | Camco Drilling Group Ltd. Of Hycalog | Cutting elements for rotary drill bits |
| US20080264696A1 (en) * | 2005-12-20 | 2008-10-30 | Varel International, Ind., L.P. | Auto adaptable cutting structure |
| CN201202407Y (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-03-04 | 西南石油大学 | Polycrystalline diamond composite sheet with special-shaped structure feature |
| CN201184132Y (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2009-01-21 | 西南石油大学 | Polycrystalline diamond composite sheet |
| US20180043508A1 (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2018-02-15 | Us Synthetic Corporation | Methods for laser cutting a polycrystalline diamond structure |
| US20150047912A1 (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2015-02-19 | Drilformance Technologies, Llc | Drill bit and cutters for a drill bit |
| CN104769207A (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2015-07-08 | 哈里伯顿能源服务公司 | Drill bit apparatus to control torque on bit |
| US20160130881A1 (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2016-05-12 | Smith International, Inc. | Cutting elements and bits for sidetracking |
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Application publication date: 20210611 |