CN112941335A - Method for separating nonferrous metal based on wet metallurgy - Google Patents
Method for separating nonferrous metal based on wet metallurgy Download PDFInfo
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- CN112941335A CN112941335A CN202110136323.3A CN202110136323A CN112941335A CN 112941335 A CN112941335 A CN 112941335A CN 202110136323 A CN202110136323 A CN 202110136323A CN 112941335 A CN112941335 A CN 112941335A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
- C22B3/08—Sulfuric acid, other sulfurated acids or salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/18—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes, e.g. bacteria or algae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for separating nonferrous metals based on wet metallurgy, and belongs to the technical field of wet metallurgy. Firstly, carrying out sulfuric acid treatment on sulfide ores containing non-ferrous metals of gold, silver and platinum, simultaneously adding acid-resistant strains for microbial metallurgy, and dissolving most metals except the gold, silver and platinum non-ferrous metals with stable properties in the minerals into leachate in an ionic form by utilizing the action of microorganisms to realize the pre-separation of the non-ferrous metals; dissolving the leaching residue obtained by pre-separation, and performing pressure leaching by using sulfur and 1-naphthalene sulfonic acid sodium salt formaldehyde polymer to obtain the concentrate of the nonferrous metal, wherein the recovery rate of the nonferrous metal gold, silver and platinum can be more than 88%, and the purity can be more than 95%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wet metallurgy, in particular to a method for separating nonferrous metals based on wet metallurgy.
Background
Mineral resources are products of earth crust in the long-term forming, developing and evolving processes, and are formed by gathering natural minerals under certain geological conditions through certain geological actions. Different geological actions can form different types of mineral products, and the geological actions of mineral resource formation are generally divided into an internal mineral forming action, an external mineral forming action, a metamorphic mineral forming action and an overlapped mineral forming action according to the geological actions of the mineral resource formation and different energy and material sources. Mineral resources are non-renewable resources, and their reserves are limited. There are currently about 200 known minerals in the world, of which more than 80 are widely used.
In nature, due to the physicochemical properties and the similarities of elements and compounds thereof, multi-metal composite ores are easily generated, particularly, precious metals and rare metals cannot be independently formed into ores, and even metals which are easily densely formed into ores are inevitably associated with other metal minerals. Although the mineral resources in China are rich, low-grade, co-associated and multi-metal ores are mainly used, and meanwhile, along with the increasing shortage of the mineral resources in China, the multi-metal and co-associated ores become mainstream resources.
Hydrometallurgy is a process in which ores, concentrates enriched by mineral separation, or other raw materials are brought into contact with an aqueous solution or other liquid, the useful metals contained in the raw materials are transferred to a liquid phase by a chemical reaction or the like, various useful metals contained in the liquid phase are separated and enriched, and finally, the useful metals or other compounds are recovered.
The metals are classified into ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals, the ferrous metals refer to three metals of iron, chromium and manganese, and the non-ferrous metals refer to metals except the three metals of iron, chromium and manganese. Nonferrous metals are basic materials for national economic development, and most industries such as aviation, aerospace, automobiles, mechanical manufacturing, electric power, communication, building, household appliances and the like use the nonferrous metals as production bases.
With the rapid advance of modern chemical industry, agriculture and scientific technology, the position of nonferrous metals in human development is more and more important, and the nonferrous metals are not only important strategic materials and important production materials in the world, but also important materials of consumption materials indispensable in human life.
At present, the outstanding problem of non-ferrous metal hydrometallurgy is how to realize the extraction of non-ferrous metal with high purity and high yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for separating nonferrous metals based on hydrometallurgy, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art and realize the extraction of the nonferrous metals in minerals with high purity and high yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a method for separating nonferrous metals based on hydrometallurgy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding sulfuric acid into sulfide ore containing nonferrous metals, adding mixed bacterial liquid of Brucella acid bacteria and Acidithiobacillus caldus, leaching at 65-70 deg.C and pH of 1-2.5, filtering, and separating to obtain leachate and leaching residue;
(2) dissolving the leaching residue obtained in the step (1), adding sulfur and 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt formaldehyde polymer, keeping the pressure at 0.8-1.2MPa and the pH at 1-2 in an argon environment, leaching at 45-75 ℃, and filtering and separating to obtain a leaching solution and leaching residue;
(3) and (3) screening and separating the leaching slag obtained in the step (2) to obtain a non-ferrous metal concentrate, thereby realizing the separation of non-ferrous metals in the sulfide ores.
Further, the non-ferrous metals are gold, silver and platinum.
Further, the concentration of the sulfuric acid solution in the step (1) is 220-260g/L, and the addition amount of the sulfuric acid is 3-6 times of the mass of the sulfide ore.
Further, the concentration of the compound in the step (1) is 30-35L/m3The amount of (3) is added to the sulfide ore in the form of a mixed bacterial liquid.
Further, the concentration of the mixed bacterial liquid is (1-1.5) multiplied by 107The concentration ratio of the brookfield acid to the sulfolobus acidophilus is 1-2: 1;
further, the heap leaching time in the step (1) is 3-4 h.
Furthermore, the adding amount of the sulfur in the step (2) is 3-5% of the mass of the sulfide ore, and the adding amount of the 1-naphthalene sulfonic acid sodium salt formaldehyde polymer is 2-3% of the mass of the sulfide ore.
Further, the leaching time in the step (2) is 1.5-2 h.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
firstly, carrying out sulfuric acid treatment on sulfide ores containing non-ferrous metals of gold, silver and platinum, simultaneously adding an acid-resistant strain to carry out microbial metallurgy, and dissolving most metals except gold, silver and platinum with stable properties in the minerals into leachate in an ion form by utilizing the action of microorganisms to realize the pre-separation of the metals from the non-ferrous metals of gold, silver and platinum; dissolving the leaching residue obtained by pre-separation, and performing pressure leaching by using sulfur and 1-naphthalene sulfonic acid sodium salt formaldehyde polymer to obtain the concentrate of the nonferrous metal, wherein the recovery rate of the nonferrous metal gold, silver and platinum can be more than 88%, and the purity can be more than 95%.
The method utilizes the Brucella acid bacteria and the Sulfobacillus acidophilus to carry out microbial metallurgy together, has obvious leaching effect compared with a single strain and the current compound strain, and can efficiently realize the separation of nonferrous metals from ores; meanwhile, the sulfur and the sodium salt formaldehyde polymer of 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid can efficiently capture nonferrous metals contained in the leaching residue, and high-purity and high-yield recovery of the nonferrous metals is realized.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The "parts" in the present invention are all parts by mass unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
(1) Paving gold-containing sulfide ore crushed to 50mm in particle size in a reaction kettle as a bottom layer, wherein the thickness of the bottom layer is 30cm, paving smelting furnace slag with the thickness of 7mm on the bottom layer as a buffer layer, then paving gold-containing sulfide ore crushed to 50mm in particle size on the buffer layer again, and repeating the steps until ore piles account for 60% of the volume of the reaction kettle; wherein the gold content of the sulfide ore is 0.05 percent of the mass of the ore body;
(2) spraying sulfuric acid to the ore heap, wherein the concentration of the sulfuric acid is 220g/L, the addition amount of the sulfuric acid is 3 times of the mass of the ore heap, and after the spraying addition of the sulfuric acid is finished, the sulfuric acid is sprayed according to the proportion of 30L/m3The addition amount of (A) is 1 multiplied by 10 in the ore heap7The method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out heap leaching on each L of mixed bacterial liquid of Brucella acid bacteria and Thermus acidophilus for 3h at 65 ℃ and pH of 1, wherein the concentration ratio of Brucella acid to Thermus acidophilus in the mixed bacterial liquid is 1: 1; filtering and separating to obtain leachate and leaching residues;
(3) dissolving the leaching residue obtained in the step (2) in a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide, adding sulfur accounting for 3% of the mass of an ore pile and 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt formaldehyde polymer accounting for 3% of the mass of the ore pile, introducing argon, keeping the pressure in the kettle at 0.8MPa, adjusting the pH value to 1, leaching for 1.5h at 45 ℃, and filtering and separating to obtain a leaching solution and leaching residue;
and (4) separating the leaching residue obtained in the step (3) by using a 15-mesh standard sieve to obtain gold concentrate, wherein the recovery rate of gold is 88.64%, and the purity is 96%.
Example 2
(1) Paving silver-containing sulfide ore crushed to 80mm in particle size in a reaction kettle as a bottom layer, wherein the thickness of the bottom layer is 25cm, paving smelting furnace slag with the thickness of 6mm on the bottom layer as a buffer layer, then paving silver-containing sulfide ore crushed to 100mm in particle size on the buffer layer again, and repeating the steps until an ore pile accounts for 65% of the volume of the reaction kettle; wherein, the silver content of the sulfide ore is 0.03 percent of the mass of the ore body;
(2) spraying sulfuric acid to the ore heap, wherein the concentration of the sulfuric acid is 260g/L, the addition amount of the sulfuric acid is 4 times of the mass of the ore heap, and after the spraying addition of the sulfuric acid is finished, the sulfuric acid is sprayed according to the ratio of 35L/m3The addition amount of (A) is 1.5 multiplied by 10 of the concentration of the spraying addition in the ore heap7The method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out heap leaching on each L of mixed bacterial liquid of Brucella acid bacteria and Thermus acidophilus for 4 hours at the temperature of 70 ℃ and the pH value of 2.5, wherein the concentration ratio of Brucella acid to Thermus acidophilus in the mixed bacterial liquid is 2: 1; filtering and separating to obtain leachate and leaching residues;
(3) dissolving the leaching residue in the step (2) in a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide, adding 4% of sulfur by mass of an ore pile and 2% of 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt formaldehyde polymer by mass of the ore pile, introducing argon, keeping the pressure in the kettle at 1.2MPa, adjusting the pH value to 2, leaching for 2 hours at 75 ℃, and filtering and separating to obtain a leaching solution and the leaching residue;
and (4) separating the leaching residue obtained in the step (3) by using a 15-mesh standard sieve to obtain silver concentrate, wherein the recovery rate of the silver is 89.87%, and the purity is 98%.
Example 3
(1) Paving platinum-containing sulfide ore crushed to 100mm in particle size in a reaction kettle as a bottom layer, wherein the thickness of the bottom layer is 20cm, paving 6 mm-thick smelting furnace slag as a buffer layer on the bottom layer, then paving 20 cm-thick platinum-containing sulfide ore crushed to 80mm in particle size on the buffer layer again, and repeating the steps until ore piles account for 70% of the volume of the reaction kettle; wherein, the platinum content of the sulfide ore is 0.02 percent of the mass of the ore body;
(2) spraying sulfuric acid to the ore heap, wherein the concentration of the sulfuric acid is 240g/L, the addition amount of the sulfuric acid is 6 times of the mass of the ore heap, and after the spraying addition of the sulfuric acid is finished, the sulfuric acid is sprayed according to the ratio of 33L/m3The addition amount of (A) is 1.2 multiplied by 10 of the concentration of the spraying addition in the ore heap7The method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out heap leaching on each L of mixed bacterial liquid of Brucella acid bacteria and Thermus acidophilus for 3 hours at the temperature of 68 ℃ and the pH value of 2, wherein the concentration ratio of Brucella acid to Thermus acidophilus in the mixed bacterial liquid is 1: 1; filtering and separating to obtain leachate and leaching residues;
(3) dissolving the leaching residue in the step (2) in a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide, adding sulfur accounting for 5% of the mass of an ore pile and 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt formaldehyde polymer accounting for 2.5% of the mass of the ore pile, introducing argon, keeping the pressure in the kettle at 1MPa, adjusting the pH value to 1, leaching for 1.5h at 60 ℃, and filtering and separating to obtain a leaching solution and leaching residue;
and (4) separating the leaching residue obtained in the step (3) by using a 15-mesh standard sieve to obtain a platinum concentrate, wherein the recovery rate of platinum is 89.87%, and the purity is 97%.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that a single sulfolobus acidophilus was used.
The comparative example achieved a recovery of 70.26% and a purity of 82% for gold.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the concentration of the mixed bacterial liquid was adjusted to 0.4X 107And (2) per liter.
The comparative example achieved a gold recovery of 77.41% and a purity of 84%.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the sodium salt of 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde polymer was not added.
The comparative example achieved a gold recovery of 60.13% and a purity of 71%.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for separating nonferrous metals based on hydrometallurgy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding sulfuric acid into sulfide ore containing nonferrous metals, adding mixed bacterial liquid of Brucella acid bacteria and Acidithiobacillus caldus, leaching at 65-70 deg.C and pH of 1-2.5, filtering, and separating to obtain leachate and leaching residue;
(2) dissolving the leaching residue obtained in the step (1), adding sulfur and 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt formaldehyde polymer, keeping the pressure at 0.8-1.2MPa and the pH at 1-2 in an argon environment, leaching at 45-75 ℃, and filtering and separating to obtain a leaching solution and leaching residue;
(3) and (3) screening and separating the leaching slag obtained in the step (2) to obtain a non-ferrous metal concentrate, thereby realizing the separation of non-ferrous metals in the sulfide ores.
2. The method for the hydrometallurgical separation of non ferrous metals based on claim 1, characterized in that the non ferrous metals are gold, silver, platinum.
3. The method for separating nonferrous metal based on hydrometallurgy according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of sulfuric acid solution in the step (1) is 220-260g/L, and the amount of sulfuric acid added is 3-6 times the mass of the sulfide ore.
4. The method for separating nonferrous metals based on hydrometallurgy according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the molten metal in the step (1) is in the range of 30 to 35L/m3The amount of (3) is added to the sulfide ore in the form of a mixed bacterial liquid.
5. The hydrometallurgical based separation of claim 1 havingThe method for coloring metal is characterized in that the concentration of the mixed bacterial liquid is (1-1.5) multiplied by 107The concentration ratio of the brookfield acid to the sulfolobus acidophilus is (1-2): 1.
6. The method for separating nonferrous metals based on hydrometallurgy according to claim 1, wherein the heap leaching time in step (1) is 3 to 4 hours.
7. The method for separating nonferrous metals based on hydrometallurgical separation according to claim 1, wherein the amount of sulfur added in the step (2) is 3 to 5% by mass of the sulfide ore, and the amount of 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt-formaldehyde polymer added is 2 to 3% by mass of the sulfide ore.
8. The method for separating nonferrous metals based on hydrometallurgy according to claim 1, wherein the leaching time in step (2) is 1.5 to 2 hours.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU7175100A (en) * | 1999-11-25 | 2001-05-31 | Michael Stoychevski | Precious metal recovery |
| CN1827805A (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2006-09-06 | 福州大学 | Sulfide ore treatment technology by thermoacidophile |
| CN101184857A (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2008-05-21 | 比奥希普有限公司 | Heap leaching of sulphide ores |
| CN103396964A (en) * | 2013-08-01 | 2013-11-20 | 中南大学 | Compound bacterium community capable of efficiently leaching sulphide ore, and compounding method and application method thereof |
| CN111511938A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2020-08-07 | 伊梅斯切公司 | Mineral processing method |
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- 2021-02-01 CN CN202110136323.3A patent/CN112941335B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU7175100A (en) * | 1999-11-25 | 2001-05-31 | Michael Stoychevski | Precious metal recovery |
| CN101184857A (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2008-05-21 | 比奥希普有限公司 | Heap leaching of sulphide ores |
| CN1827805A (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2006-09-06 | 福州大学 | Sulfide ore treatment technology by thermoacidophile |
| CN103396964A (en) * | 2013-08-01 | 2013-11-20 | 中南大学 | Compound bacterium community capable of efficiently leaching sulphide ore, and compounding method and application method thereof |
| CN111511938A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2020-08-07 | 伊梅斯切公司 | Mineral processing method |
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