CN112937930A - Vacuum system for simulating lunar large dust distribution environment - Google Patents
Vacuum system for simulating lunar large dust distribution environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a vacuum system for simulating a moon large dust distribution environment, wherein a rough pumping system of the vacuum system is responsible for completing rough pumping of a container and establishing an initial basic vacuum environment; a low-temperature pump main pumping system of the high-vacuum unit is used for establishing and maintaining test pressure; the molecular pump auxiliary pumping system is used for low-temperature pump auxiliary pumping and also used as a leakage detection system of equipment; the repressing system is used for restoring the vacuum environment in the vacuum container to the atmospheric environment, the vacuum valve system comprises a plurality of valves for switching on and switching off the gas circuit, and the pipeline system comprises an exhaust pipeline, a water circuit system and a gas circuit system. The invention solves the technical problem of how to design a set of vacuum system for preventing dust particles from splashing and polluting under the condition of large dust distribution, and provides a vacuum environment for a lunar surface comprehensive environment simulator to carry out lunar surface multi-factor comprehensive environment effect tests such as vacuum, low temperature, electronic irradiation, ultraviolet irradiation, X-ray irradiation, micron/submicron-grade charged dust and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vacuum system for simulating a lunar large dust distribution environment, and belongs to the technical field of space environment simulation.
Background
The lunar surface is not provided with atmosphere and is in a high vacuum state, soft lunar soil and micro-nano scale charged lunar dust exist on the lunar surface layer, when the comprehensive environment of the lunar surface is simulated on the ground, the lunar soil and lunar dust environment on the lunar surface and the vacuum environment are simulated, and the lunar surface multi-factor environment simulator is comprehensively formed. The moon environment simulator is mainly designed for a vacuum system which can be used in a large dust distribution environment (30kg of lunar dust or 500kg of lunar soil), and has the function of generating a vacuum environment in a vacuum container of the moon environment simulator without damaging simulation of other environmental factors such as lunar soil and lunar dust in the container. The environmental simulator with lunar soil or lunar dust belongs to a dust distribution environment, and when the mass of the lunar soil or lunar soil reaches kilogram level, the environment is a large dust distribution environment. The design and implementation difficulty of a vacuum system in a large dust distribution environment is how to effectively prevent air in lunar soil or lunar dust particle accumulation from rapidly leaking to form air flow in the vacuum pumping process, and the air flow drives lunar soil particles or lunar dust particles to splash, so that the splashed lunar soil or lunar dust particles pollute other equipment such as a heat sink, an instrument and the like in a vacuum pump set or a vacuum container. Aiming at the extreme environment of lunar micro-nano lunar dust, a set of vacuum system for preventing dust particles from splashing and polluting under the condition of large dust distribution is urgently needed to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a vacuum system for simulating a lunar large dust distribution environment, aiming at solving the technical problem of how to design a set of vacuum system for preventing dust particles from splashing and polluting under the large dust distribution condition in the background technology.
The invention provides a vacuum system for simulating a moon large dust distribution environment, which comprises a rough pumping system, a high vacuum unit, a pressure measuring system, a repressing system, a vacuum valve system and a pipeline system,
the rough pumping system comprises an oil-free roots pump set and a screw dry pump, a rough pumping pipeline of the rough pumping system is connected with the lunar dust cabin, and the rough pumping system is responsible for finishing rough pumping of a container and establishing an initial basic vacuum environment;
the high-vacuum unit comprises a low-temperature pump main pumping system and a molecular pump auxiliary pumping system, wherein the low-temperature pump main pumping system is used for establishing and maintaining test pressure; the molecular pump auxiliary pumping system is used for low-temperature pump auxiliary pumping and also used as a leakage detection system of equipment;
the repressing system is used for restoring the vacuum environment in the vacuum container to the atmospheric environment, the vacuum valve system comprises a plurality of valves for switching on and switching off the gas circuit, and the pipeline system comprises an exhaust pipeline, a water circuit system and a gas circuit system.
Preferably, the rough pumping system can pump the air pressure in the container of the lunar dust cabin to be less than or equal to 10Pa within 10 h.
Preferably, the rough pumping system is provided with an intelligent opening regulating valve, and the pumping speed control is performed to adjust the dust pressure change rate in stages.
Preferably, the rough pumping system interface is placed at the top of the cabin body of the lunar dust cabin, and is far away from a dust arrangement area.
Preferably, the rough pumping system is provided with a vacuum filtering device on a rough pumping pipeline.
Preferably, the low-temperature pump main pumping system, the molecular pump auxiliary pumping system and the rough pumping system are connected with the lunar dust cabin through high-vacuum pneumatic gate valves, valves of the rough pumping system and the repressing system for adjusting air flow adopt intelligent opening adjusting butterfly valves, the repressing system adopts a mass flow controller and a pneumatic/manual stop valve, and the rough pumping system adopts a pneumatic butterfly valve.
Preferably, the exhaust pipeline comprises a rough pumping pipeline, a molecular pump foreline and a cryopump regeneration pipeline, and the rough pumping pipeline, the molecular pump foreline and the cryopump regeneration pipeline are respectively connected with the lunar dust cabin.
Preferably, the gas circuit system comprises a nitrogen system and a compressed air system, wherein the nitrogen system is used for providing nitrogen supply for the repressing system, and the compressed air system is used for providing opening and closing power and dry pump purging for all pneumatic valves of the vacuum system.
The vacuum system for simulating the moon large dust distribution environment has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a vacuum environment for a lunar surface comprehensive environment simulator (lunar dust cabin) to carry out vacuum, low temperature, electronic irradiation, ultraviolet irradiation, X-ray irradiation, micron/submicron-level charged dust and other lunar surface multi-factor comprehensive environmental effect tests.
2. The invention adopts an oil-free vacuum pumping system consisting of a clean oil-free high vacuum unit (a low-temperature pump, a molecular pump and a screw dry pump are all oil-free pumps) and a Roots pump/screw dry pump oil-free rough pumping system, the pumping system has the capability of preventing static dust from flying through controlling the pumping speed, and the dust loss is controlled not to exceed 3 percent of the total mass in the vacuum environment establishment stage; the rough pumping system has a purging function, has the capability of pumping out dust carried by airflow, and is provided with a vacuum filter capable of filtering dust with the particle size of more than 3 mu m at a rough pumping port; after the low-temperature pump is started, under the condition that the heat sink temperature is less than or equal to 100K, the no-load limit pressure of the container can be less than or equal to 1 x 10 < -4 > Pa; when the weight of the lunar dust sample in the container is less than or equal to 30kg, the load limit pressure is less than or equal to 5 multiplied by 10 < -3 > Pa; when the lunar soil sample simulated in the container is less than or equal to 500kg, the load limit pressure is less than or equal to 1 x 10 < -1 > Pa.
3. The invention is a domestic first vacuum system for a lunar large dust distribution environment, a rough pumping system of a lunar surface comprehensive environment simulator is provided with an intelligent opening regulating valve for controlling pumping speed and adjusting the pressure change rate of flying dust in stages, the capacity of preventing static dust flying is achieved, the flying dust phenomenon in the lunar surface comprehensive environment simulator is effectively avoided, and the dust loss is controlled not to exceed 3% of the total mass in the vacuum environment establishment stage.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vacuum system for simulating a lunar large dust environment according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first diagram illustrating the installation effect of a vacuum system for simulating a lunar large dust distribution environment according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a second diagram illustrating the installation effect of a vacuum system for simulating a lunar large dust distribution environment according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a system diagram of a vacuum system for simulating a lunar large dust environment in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a roughing system according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cryopump main pumping system of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the molecular pump auxiliary pumping system according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a pressure measurement system according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a repressurization system according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a vacuum valving system according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an exhaust duct according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a waterway system according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a nitrogen system according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a compressed air system according to the present invention;
the system comprises a lunar dust cabin 1, a rough pumping pipeline 2, a comprehensive cabin 3, a rough pumping unit 4, a molecular pump 5, a cryogenic pump 6, a molecular pump foreline 7 and a cryogenic pump regeneration pipeline 8.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in conjunction with the appended drawings:
the first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is explained with reference to fig. 1 to 14. The vacuum system for simulating the moon large dust distribution environment comprises a rough pumping system, a high vacuum unit, a pressure measuring system, a repressing system, a vacuum valve system and a pipeline system,
the rough pumping system comprises an oil-free roots pump set and a screw dry pump, a rough pumping pipeline of the rough pumping system is connected with the lunar dust cabin 1, and the rough pumping system is responsible for finishing rough pumping of a container and establishing an initial basic vacuum environment;
the high-vacuum unit comprises a low-temperature pump main pumping system and a molecular pump auxiliary pumping system, wherein the low-temperature pump main pumping system is used for establishing and maintaining test pressure; the molecular pump auxiliary pumping system is used for low-temperature pump auxiliary pumping and also used as a leakage detection system of equipment;
the repressing system is used for restoring the vacuum environment in the vacuum container to the atmospheric environment, the vacuum valve system comprises a plurality of valves for switching on and switching off the gas circuit, and the pipeline system comprises an exhaust pipeline, a water circuit system and a gas circuit system.
The vacuum system for simulating a lunar large dust distribution environment is composed as shown in figure 1, and the installation effect is shown in figures 2-3, wherein the lunar dust cabin 1 and the comprehensive cabin 3 share the vacuum system.
A rough pumping system, a high vacuum unit, a pressure measuring system, a repressing system, a vacuum valve system and the like in a vacuum system of a lunar surface comprehensive environment simulator (a lunar dust cabin) are core function systems, and a schematic diagram is shown in fig. 4.
(1) The rough pumping system of the lunar surface comprehensive environment simulator is responsible for finishing rough pumping of the container, establishing an initial basic vacuum environment and pumping the air pressure in the lunar dust cabin container to be less than or equal to 10Pa within 10 h. The rough pumping system is provided with an intelligent opening regulating valve for controlling pumping speed and adjusting the flying dust pressure change rate stage by stage, the capacity of preventing static dust flying is achieved, the flying dust phenomenon in a lunar dust cabin is effectively avoided, and the dust loss is controlled not to exceed 3% of the total mass in the vacuum environment establishing stage. The rough pumping system interface is arranged at the top of the cabin body and is far away from a dust arrangement area, so that dust raising is reduced. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the dust in the rough pumping stage in the lunar surface comprehensive environment simulator from damaging the rough pumping unit, a 2-micron vacuum filter and other equipment are arranged on the pumping pipeline, and the rough pumping unit is a product with a dust blowing and resisting function and has the capability of pumping airflow to clamp dust. The rough pumping system adopts a vacuum pumping system for cleaning an oil-free roots pump and a screw dry pump unit. The rough drawing system schematic is shown in fig. 5, and the rough drawing system configuration list is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 rough drawing System configuration List
| (Code) | Name (R) | Specification of | Number of |
| G-P1、G-P2、G-P3 | Coarse pumping unit | GXS4200/750 | 3 |
| Y-V1 | Pneumatic gate valve | DN250 | 3 |
| Y-V2、Y-V4 | Pneumatic baffle valve | DN100 | 3 |
| Y-V3 | Manual baffle valve | DN100 | 1 |
| Y-V5 | Intelligent butterfly valve | DN250 | 1 |
| Y-F1 | Vacuum filter | DN100 | 1 |
(2) The high vacuum unit consists of a low-temperature pump main pumping system and a molecular pump auxiliary pumping system, wherein the low-temperature pump main pumping system is used for establishing and maintaining test pressure and comprises a low-temperature pump 6; the molecular pump auxiliary pumping system is used for low-temperature pump auxiliary pumping and can also be used as a leakage detection system of equipment and comprises a molecular pump 5.
The operating schematic of the cryopump main pumping system is shown in fig. 6, and the system configuration is shown in table 2 below.
Table 2 cryopump master pump system configuration list
| (Code) | Name (R) | Specification of | Number of |
| Y-P10 | Dry pump | 125m3/h | 1 |
| Y-P4～Y-P9 | Low-temperature pump | 10000L/ |
6 |
The high vacuum unit takes a cryogenic pump as a main pump, a molecular pump is required to perform auxiliary pumping during the precooling period of the cryogenic pump 6, and a large amount of material outgassing is removed through a gas transmission pump, so that a clean high vacuum environment is obtained. In addition, the low-temperature pump 6 has a low pumping speed for helium, the low-temperature pump 6 cannot be used for system leak detection under a high vacuum environment, and the working characteristics of the molecular pump 5 determine that the low-temperature pump can just solve the two problems. The principle of the molecular pump assisted pumping system is shown in FIG. 7, and the system configuration is shown in Table 3 below.
TABLE 3 list of auxiliary pumping system configuration for molecular pump
| (Code) | Name (R) | Specification of | Number of |
| Y-P1、Y-P2 | Molecular pump | 2000L/s | 2 |
| Y-P3 | Dry pump | 125m3/ |
1 |
(3) The pressure measuring system is an important component of a vacuum system, and the vacuum degree measurement of key points such as a vacuum container, a vacuum pipeline and the like is realized by matching a proper vacuum gauge pipe and a vacuum gauge. Arrangement of vacuum gauge of pressure measurement system: 1 hot cathode ionization gauge and 1 resistance gauge are respectively arranged on upper, middle and lower DN200 pressure measurement interfaces of a lunar surface comprehensive environment simulator (lunar dust cabin), and the measurement range is 1 multiplied by 105～1×10-8Pa, used for testing the measurement of vacuum degree, 2 piezoresistive vacuum gauges are also arranged on a pressure measurement interface at the upper part of the lunar surface comprehensive environment simulator and used for accurately measuring the pressure in the high-pressure range rough pumping stage, and 1 measurement range 10 is respectively arranged on a molecular pump foreline 7, a cryogenic pump regeneration pipeline 8 and a rough pumping pipeline 25Pa～10-1Pa resistance gauge. All vacuum gauges are displayed by a digital display vacuum gauge. In addition, the cryopump is randomly calibrated with a resistance gauge for measuring the pressure inside the cryopump during regenerative pumping of the cryopump. The principle of the pressure measurement system is shown in fig. 8, configured as shown in table 4.
Table 4 list of pressure measurement system configurations
(4) The repressurization system is a device for restoring the vacuum environment in the vacuum container to the atmospheric environment, and the repressurization process of the container can be divided into two stages of nitrogen repressurization and air repressurization. The lunar surface comprehensive environment simulator is required to be provided with a clean repressurization system, and the first stage is a nitrogen filling stage after the test is finished, and repressurization is carried out to 1000 pa. The recompression nitrogen is controlled by a mass flow controller for uniform and controllable recompression rate of the nitrogen, 1 pneumatic stop valve is additionally arranged between the mass flow controller and the container, and 1 manual stop valve is arranged in parallel for reliability. The second stage is an air repressing stage, the repressing valve adopts a structural form that a pneumatic baffle valve is connected in series with an opening adjusting butterfly valve and a manual valve are connected in parallel in consideration of the reliability and the adjustability of the repressing rate of the repressing system, and the repressing valve can repressurize through the manual valve when the pneumatic valve fails, so that the repressing opening of the door can be ensured. In order to obtain purified air and reduce noise at the time of recompression, an air filter for filtering solid particles of 2 μm or more and an absorptive muffler for reducing high-frequency noise by 30dB are installed at the air inlet. In order to reduce the impact of the recompression airflow on a heat sink, in-tank equipment and a test piece and dust emission, the flow of the airflow is controlled by the recompression system through an intelligent butterfly valve with adjustable opening, the pressure rise rate in the container is adjustable during the recompression, the principle of the recompression system is shown in fig. 9, and the configuration is shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 list of repressurization system configurations
(5) The vacuum valve system comprises valves with various types and specifications and is used for equipment for switching on and off the gas circuit. The low-temperature pump, the molecular pump and the rough pumping system are connected with the container through a high-vacuum pneumatic gate valve; the valves of the molecular pump, the low-temperature pump, the pre-stage valve, the regeneration valve and the like are a plurality of pneumatic/manual high-vacuum baffle valves. The valves of the rough pumping system and the repressing system for adjusting the air flow adopt intelligent opening adjusting butterfly valves. The repressing system adopts a mass flow controller and a pneumatic/manual stop valve. The rough pumping system adopts a pneumatic butterfly valve. The principle of the vacuum valve system is shown in fig. 10, configured as shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 list of vacuum valve system configurations
(7) The exhaust pipeline consists of a rough pumping pipeline 2, a molecular pump foreline 7 and a low-temperature pump regeneration pipeline 8. The exhaust pipelines are made of stainless steel, and the total leakage rate is less than 1.3 multiplied by 10-7Pam3And s. The principle of the exhaust duct is shown in fig. 11, and the arrangement is shown in table 7.
TABLE 7 exhaust duct configuration List
| (Code) | Name (R) | Specification of | Number of | |
| Y-1 | Rough | DN500 | 1 set of | |
| Y-2 | Molecular | DN100 | 1 set of | |
| Y-3 | Cryogenic pump | DN100 | 1 set of |
(8) The waterway system is a guarantee system of the vacuum system, and cools 6 cryopump presses, 2 molecular pumps and 2 dry pumps to ensure the normal operation of the vacuum pump. The water route major structure adopts stainless steel outsourcing insulation construction, installation temperature, flow, pressure sensor on the pipeline, water supply, return water pressure differential governing valve isotructure, and water supply pipe connects in parallel and installs the filter and can realize changing the filter core on line. The principle of the water path is shown in fig. 12, and the arrangement is shown in table 8.
TABLE 8 waterway System configuration List
(9) The gas circuit system is a guarantee system of a vacuum system and is divided into a nitrogen system and a compressed air system. The nitrogen system was responsible for providing a nitrogen supply to the repressurization system, as schematically shown in FIG. 13, configured as shown in Table 9.
TABLE 9 Nitrogen System configuration List
The compressed air system is responsible for providing the opening and closing power and dry pump purge for all pneumatic valves of the vacuum system, the principle is shown in fig. 14, and the configuration is shown in table 10.
TABLE 10 compressed air System configuration List
The working process of the vacuum system for simulating the moon large dust distribution environment comprises the following steps:
firstly, starting a rough pumping system to work until the pressure is reduced to 10Pa, starting a low-temperature pump main pumping system and a molecular pump auxiliary pumping system to work until the pressure reaches the specified pressure, maintaining the pressure in a test stage, starting a re-pressurizing system to work until the atmospheric pressure is restored after the test is finished, wherein the first stage is a nitrogen filling stage, and re-pressurizing a container to 1000Pa by using a nitrogen system; the second stage is a stage of filling clean air and returning to atmospheric pressure.
The above-mentioned embodiments further explain the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and that the reasonable combination of the features described in the above-mentioned embodiments can be made, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A vacuum system for simulating a moon large dust distribution environment is characterized by comprising a rough pumping system, a high vacuum unit, a pressure measuring system, a repressing system, a vacuum valve system and a pipeline system,
the rough pumping system comprises an oil-free roots pump set and a screw dry pump, a rough pumping pipeline of the rough pumping system is connected with the lunar dust cabin (1), and the rough pumping system is responsible for finishing rough pumping of a container and establishing an initial basic vacuum environment;
the high-vacuum unit comprises a low-temperature pump main pumping system and a molecular pump auxiliary pumping system, wherein the low-temperature pump main pumping system is used for establishing and maintaining test pressure; the molecular pump auxiliary pumping system is used for low-temperature pump auxiliary pumping and also used as a leakage detection system of equipment;
the repressing system is used for restoring the vacuum environment in the vacuum container to the atmospheric environment, the vacuum valve system comprises a plurality of valves for switching on and switching off the gas circuit, and the pipeline system comprises an exhaust pipeline, a water circuit system and a gas circuit system.
2. Vacuum system for simulating a lunar large dust distribution environment according to claim 1, characterized in that the rough pumping system is capable of pumping the air pressure in the container of the lunar dust cabin (1) to less than or equal to 10Pa within 10 h.
3. The vacuum system for simulating a lunar large dust distribution environment according to claim 1, wherein the rough pumping system is provided with an intelligent opening adjusting valve, and the pumping speed control stage-by-stage adjustment of the dust pressure change rate is performed.
4. Vacuum system for simulating a lunar large dust distribution environment according to claim 1, characterized in that the roughing system interface is placed at the top of the body of the lunar dust cabin (1), far from the dust distribution area.
5. The vacuum system for simulating a lunar large dust distribution environment according to claim 1, wherein the rough pumping system is provided with a vacuum filtering device on a rough pumping pipeline.
6. The vacuum system for simulating a lunar large dust distribution environment according to claim 1, wherein the cryopump main pumping system, the molecular pump auxiliary pumping system, the rough pumping system and the lunar dust cabin (1) are connected through a high-vacuum pneumatic gate valve, valves of the rough pumping system and the re-pressure system for adjusting air flow adopt intelligent opening adjusting butterfly valves, the re-pressure system adopts a mass flow controller and a pneumatic/manual stop valve, and the rough pumping system adopts a pneumatic butterfly valve.
7. Vacuum system for simulating a lunar large dust distribution environment according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust line comprises a roughing line (2), a molecular pump foreline (7) and a cryopump regeneration line (8), the roughing line (2), the molecular pump foreline (7) and the cryopump regeneration line (8) being connected to the lunar dust cabin (1), respectively.
8. The vacuum system for simulating a lunar large dust distribution environment according to claim 1, wherein the gas circuit system comprises a nitrogen system for providing a nitrogen supply to the repressurization system and a compressed air system for providing an opening and closing power and a dry pump purge to all pneumatic valves of the vacuum system.
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| CN113636115B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-02-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Solar system multi-factor comprehensive environment simulation device |
| CN113741571A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-12-03 | 北京卫星环境工程研究所 | Pressure control system for covering normal pressure to high vacuum |
| CN113741571B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-08-25 | 北京卫星环境工程研究所 | Pressure control system for covering normal pressure to high vacuum |
| CN113920804A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-01-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Large-scale multi-factor space irradiation environment integrated simulation device and simulation method |
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