CN112937802A

CN112937802A - Method for purifying carbon dioxide and supplementing oxygen underwater

Info

Publication number: CN112937802A
Application number: CN202110225146.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黎奇凡
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-03-02
Filing date: 2021-03-02
Publication date: 2021-06-11

Abstract

The invention provides a method for purifying carbon dioxide and supplementing oxygen underwater, which enables natural water to absorb carbon dioxide in waste gas, supplements oxygen consumed in the waste gas from the natural water, and enables air to be recycled. Thus, the goal of greatly increasing the diving time of the submarine or the submersible with extremely low use cost is achieved. Can avoid large-volume steel cylinder and harmful and expensive superoxide, and make most of air circulate in the respirator. The submersible is safe, light, small in size, long in air supply time and low in use cost, and a small 5-liter oxygen bottle can supply air for 48 hours, so that professional divers can be liberated from time-controlled pressure completely, and work can be performed completely and easily.

Description

Method for purifying carbon dioxide and supplementing oxygen underwater

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of diving equipment and underwater sports goods, and particularly relates to a method for purifying carbon dioxide and supplementing oxygen underwater.

Background

In the world today, the underwater breathing equipment with practicability mainly comprises: the air supply of the air bottle and the oxygen bottle and the air circulation of the chemical oxygen regeneration by the superoxide are adopted. The air bottle respirator has large volume, complex and heavy equipment, limited air storage capacity and short service time; the chemical oxygen respirator for the recycling regeneration of superoxide has high use cost, the superoxide has strong corrosivity, the use is unsafe, and the use time is limited. The invention patent CN108116640A proposes: the method comprises the steps of fixing hemoglobin by taking polyvinyl alcohol as a carrier material to prepare a filter membrane, and adsorbing oxygen from seawater by the hemoglobin. "basis of protocol: the polyvinyl alcohol hemoglobin membrane is not mature, only a few principle experiments of fixing hemoglobin by polyvinyl alcohol are carried out at present, the membrane which can play the role of the gill of the fish is really prepared, the decomposition and denaturation problems of the hemoglobin are difficult to solve, and the distance from the practical use is still far away.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is: the method for purifying carbon dioxide and supplementing oxygen underwater is provided, so that the natural water body absorbs the carbon dioxide in the waste gas, the oxygen consumed in the waste gas is supplemented from the natural water body, and the air can be recycled. Thus, the goal of greatly increasing the diving time of the submarine or the submersible with extremely low use cost is achieved.

The principle of the invention is based on that:

1. there is a tension at the interface between the air and the water, which strongly hinders the increase of the area of the interface. The air-water separator can ensure a porous substance thin layer which is permeable to water, not only allows air and water to be in full and direct contact, but also can isolate the air and the water and prevent the air from escaping into the water in a bubble form;

2. most gases in the air are insoluble in water, but carbon dioxide is easily dissolved in water (1.713 mL of carbon dioxide can be dissolved per gram of water at 0/DEG C under standard atmospheric pressure), and the carbon dioxide partial pressure of natural air is only 0.03-0.04% of the atmospheric pressure, so the concentration of the carbon dioxide in natural water is very low. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas exhaled by divers is 4-6% of the atmospheric pressure, and when the exhaust gas is contacted with natural water, the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas can be quickly dissolved into water;

3. although oxygen is not easily dissolved in water, the partial pressure of oxygen in air is large, 21% of atmospheric pressure, about 21 kpa, the solubility of oxygen in water is proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen, and a large amount of oxygen is dissolved into water by strong pressure all the time in a natural state. When the partial pressure of oxygen in the air is reduced, oxygen in the water rapidly escapes to the air. (for example, when the atmospheric pressure is reduced, the fishpond is quickly lack of oxygen, and the fish can float on the water surface to breathe.) the oxygen partial pressure is 21 kilopascals under the standard atmospheric pressure, and when the oxygen dissolution and escape reach balance, the oxygen dissolution amount in the natural water body is 0.049 mL/g. The partial pressure of oxygen in the exhaust gas exhaled by divers is reduced to 16 kpa, and when the exhaust gas contacts the natural water body, oxygen in the water rapidly escapes into the exhaust gas because of the reduced partial pressure of oxygen.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:

FIG. 1 is a working schematic diagram of the present invention: a method of underwater carbon dioxide purification and oxygen supplementation:

A) the waste gas and the natural water body are separated by using a transparent porous thin layer, and the small holes of the porous thin layer are transparent, so that the waste gas and the natural water body are separated, and the waste gas and the natural water body are fully contacted. When the pore diameter of the porous thin-layer substance 14 for separating air and water is less than 40 μm, the pressure difference of over ten thousand pascals can be theoretically resisted, and air is prevented from permeating into water in the form of bubbles. The working principle of a thin layer of permeable porous material immersed in water is revealed. Air is blown into water through small holes of the water-permeable porous substance thin-layer air bag 14, small bubbles must be blown into the water through the small holes, the area of an interface between the air and the water is greatly increased, large water surface tension which hinders the area increase is caused, the bubbles are pressed back, and air leakage cannot occur even if large pressure difference exists between the inside and the outside of the air bag.

B) Carbon dioxide in the waste gas with the carbon dioxide partial pressure larger than that of natural air is dissolved into the natural water body through the transparent porous thin layer;

C) oxygen in the natural water body is dissolved into waste gas with the oxygen partial pressure smaller than that of the natural air through the transparent porous thin layer; the porous thin layer is made of a thin film with compact through holes or a compact fiber fabric, so that the cost is low and the technical difficulty is low; the surface of the porous thin layer is bent and folded, so that the contact area of the waste gas and the natural water body is increased; the porous thin layer is made of hydrophilic materials, so that large bubbles at an interface can be prevented from being formed; the permeable porous multi-thin layers are made into permeable porous substance thin layer air bags 14 of a plurality of pipelines which pass through natural water, so that waste gas passes through the air bags 14 and passes through the natural water, carbon dioxide is purified, oxygen is supplemented, purified air is generated, and the purified air is output. Therefore, the waste gas is separated from the natural water body, and the waste gas is fully contacted with water through the permeable porous substance thin layer. The surface of the permeable porous substance thin-layer air bag 14 is designed into a structure with large specific surface area and multi-fold and multi-pipeline, which helps carbon dioxide in the waste gas to be dissolved into water in large area and helps oxygen in the water to escape into the waste gas with low oxygen partial pressure drop in large area. Carbon dioxide in the waste gas of the submarine or the submersible is purified, oxygen is supplemented, and the waste gas is regenerated and recycled.

In order to prevent the oxygen in the water from being supplemented insufficiently, a pure oxygen cylinder can be added to supplement the balance. Normally one hour in an adult human, about 21L of oxygen is consumed while 21L of carbon dioxide is produced. A small 5L, 20MPa oxygen cylinder can hold 1000L of pure oxygen. According to the principle scheme, 1000 ÷ 21= 47.6. Even if the oxygen supplement of natural water is not available, a small 5-liter oxygen bottle can supply air for 48 hours.

Detailed description of the invention

To demonstrate the utility of the present invention, two specific embodiments are provided herein.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a method for underwater carbon dioxide purification and oxygen supplementation.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the overall effect of a hydropneumatic vehicle, which is one embodiment of the method for underwater carbon dioxide purification and oxygen supplementation according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional structural view of a breathing mask 1 according to a first and second embodiment of a method for underwater purification of carbon dioxide and oxygen supplementation according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a clean gas pipe 9 and an exhaust gas pipe 10 for underwater carbon dioxide purification and oxygen supplementation according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a method for underwater carbon dioxide purification and oxygen supplementation in accordance with the present invention, a hydropneumatic vehicle air purification back bag 12.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the overall effect of a hydropneumatic suit according to a second embodiment of the method for underwater carbon dioxide purification and oxygen supplementation of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a front view, a left side view of a hydropneumatic suit 24, illustrating a second embodiment of a method for underwater carbon dioxide purification and oxygen supplementation in accordance with the present invention.

The breathing mask comprises a breathing mask 1, an exhalation port 2, an inhalation port 3, an air inlet mouthpiece 4, an exhalation check valve 5, an inhalation check valve 6, a nasal obstruction 7, a one-way drain valve 8, a purified air pipe 9, an exhaust gas pipe 10, an air inlet pipe 11, an air purification knapsack 12, an exhaust gas collection gasbag 13, a porous substance thin-layer gasbag 14 with water permeability, an oxygen bottle 15, an air purification collection gasbag 16, an air outlet pipe 17, an oxygen regulating valve 18, an oxygen sensor 19, a carbon dioxide sensor 20, an oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration monitoring earphone 21, a hose 22, a diving suit rope 23 and a diving suit 24.

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention refers to the accompanying drawings:

in a first embodiment, a water-lung submersible:

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the overall effect of a hydropneumatic vehicle, which is a first embodiment of the method for underwater carbon dioxide purification and oxygen supplementation according to the present invention. A method for purifying carbon dioxide and supplementing oxygen underwater comprises a breathing mask 1, a gas purifying pipe 9, an exhaust pipe 10, an air purifying knapsack 12, an oxygen regulating valve 18 and an oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration monitoring earphone 21. The carbon dioxide-rich waste gas exhaled by the diver passes through the breathing mask 1, is guided to the air purification knapsack 12 through the waste gas pipe 10 to purify the carbon dioxide in the waste gas, supplements the consumed oxygen to regenerate the air, and is guided to the breathing mask 1 through the air purification pipe 9 for the diver to breathe. The oxygen regulating valve 18 is used to regulate the flow of oxygen for supplemental consumption. The oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration monitoring earphone 21 is used for alarming the abnormality of the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration.

FIG. 3 is a three-view cross-sectional structure diagram of a breathing mask 1 for underwater carbon dioxide purification and oxygen supplementation, wherein the breathing mask 1 comprises an air inlet mouthpiece 4, an exhalation port 2, an inhalation port 3, an exhalation one-way valve 5, an inhalation one-way valve 6, a one-way drain valve 8, and a nose plug 7 arranged above the breathing mask 1. The exhaust gas exhaled from the mouthpiece 4 is exhaled through the exhalation check valve 5 and the exhalation port 2 along the exhaust pipe 10. The purified air is introduced from the air purifying pipe 9, enters the breathing mask 1 through the air suction port 3, enters the air suction mouthpiece 4 through the air suction one-way valve 6, and is inhaled by the diver. The nose plug 7 is arranged above the breathing mask 1 to block the nose of a diver and prevent water choking. The one-way drain valve 8 is arranged below the breathing mask 1, can accumulate a small amount of leakage water and can discharge the leakage water when the user applies force and exhales.

Fig. 5 is a three-view cross-sectional structural view of an air purification back bag 12 for a method of underwater carbon dioxide purification and oxygen supplementation according to the present invention. In order to play a role of lead pressing, the shell of the air purification back bag 12 is made of stainless steel, the air purification back bag 12 comprises an air inlet pipe 11, an exhaust gas collection bag 13, a compact porous fiber fabric or permeable porous substance thin-layer air bag 14 with the aperture smaller than 40 mu m, an oxygen bottle 15, a purified air collection bag 16, an oxygen regulating valve 18, a hose 22, an air outlet pipe 17, an oxygen sensor 19, a carbon dioxide sensor 20 and an oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration monitoring earphone 21. The waste gas exhaled by the diver is connected into the gas inlet pipe 11 through the waste gas pipe 10 to reach the waste gas collecting air bag 13, then enters the permeable porous substance thin-layer air bag 14 to be fully and directly contacted with the natural water body, the carbon dioxide in the waste gas is dissolved into the water, and the oxygen in the water is supplemented into the permeable porous substance thin-layer air bag 14. The purified air is stored in a purified air collection air bag 16, an oxygen cylinder 15 is connected with the purified air collection air bag 16 through an oxygen regulating valve 18 and a hose 22, and the oxygen cylinder 15 is used for supplementing the missing oxygen so as to purify and regenerate the waste gas. The regenerated fresh air can be led into the clean air pipe 9 through the air outlet pipe 17 for the diver to inhale. An oxygen sensor 19 and a carbon dioxide sensor 20 are arranged in the purified air collection air bag 16 to monitor the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and if the concentration of oxygen is too low or the concentration of carbon dioxide is too high, different sounds can be used for alarming through an earphone 21. Reminding the diver to adjust the oxygen regulating valve 18 and keeping the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in a normal range.

Therefore, a large-volume steel cylinder is not needed, harmful and expensive superoxide is not used, most of air is circulated in the respirator, and the aims of low use cost and prolonged effective use time are fulfilled. The submersible is safe, light, small in size, long in air supply time and low in use cost, and a small 5-liter oxygen bottle can supply air for 48 hours, so that professional divers can be liberated from time-controlled pressure completely, and work can be performed completely and easily.

In a second embodiment, a hydropneumatic suit for shallow water entertainment:

and 6 is a specific embodiment of the underwater carbon dioxide purification and oxygen supplementation method, namely a water lung diving suit. A method for purifying carbon dioxide and supplementing oxygen underwater comprises a breathing mask 1, an air purifying pipe 9, an exhaust pipe 10, an air purifying back bag 12, and a diver exhaling waste gas rich in carbon dioxide, wherein the waste gas rich in carbon dioxide is guided to the air purifying back bag 12 through the breathing mask 1 and the exhaust pipe 10 to purify the carbon dioxide in the waste gas, so that consumed oxygen is supplemented, air is regenerated, and then the air is guided to the breathing mask 1 through the air purifying pipe 9 for the diver to breathe.

Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of a clean gas pipe 9 and an exhaust gas pipe 10 of a second embodiment of a method of underwater carbon dioxide purification and oxygen supplementation according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a front view and a left view of a hydropneumatic suit 24 according to a second embodiment of the method for underwater purification of carbon dioxide and oxygen supplementation of the present invention. The hydropneumatic suit 24 comprises an air inlet pipe 11, an exhaust gas collecting air bag 13, a permeable porous substance thin-layer air bag 14 with the aperture smaller than 40 mu m, a purified air collecting air bag 16 and an air outlet pipe 17. The waste gas exhaled by the diver reaches a waste gas collecting air bag 13 along a waste gas pipe 10 through an air inlet pipe 11, then enters a permeable porous substance thin-layer air bag 14, and is fully and directly contacted with the natural water body, carbon dioxide in the waste gas is dissolved into water, and oxygen in the water is supplemented into the permeable porous substance thin-layer air bag 14. The purified air is stored in the purified air collecting bag 16, the waste gas is purified and regenerated, and the regenerated fresh air can be led out through the air outlet pipe 17 and enter the air purifying pipe 9 for a diver to inhale.

When the diving suit is used for entertainment and diving, a steel cylinder is not needed, harmful and expensive superoxide is not needed, air is circulated and purified in the diving suit to supplement oxygen in natural water, the use cost is not high, and the use time is prolonged. The diving suit is safe, light, small in size, long in air supply time and zero in use cost. The swimming pool can be used by beginners to learn swimming, can be used for floating and diving, and is more suitable for shallow sea bottom sightseeing.

The invention is described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the implementation of the invention is not limited in the above manner, and it is within the scope of the invention to apply the inventive concept and solution directly to other applications, with or without various modifications of the inventive concept and solution.

Claims

1. A method of underwater carbon dioxide purification and oxygen supplementation, characterized by:

A) the waste gas and the natural water body are separated by a transparent porous thin layer, and the small holes of the porous thin layer are transparent, so that the waste gas and the natural water body are separated, and the waste gas and the natural water body are fully contacted;

C) oxygen in the natural water body is dissolved into waste gas with the oxygen partial pressure smaller than that of the natural air through the transparent porous thin layer.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the porous thin layer is made of a thin film with dense through holes or a dense fiber fabric.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the porous sheet surface is corrugated.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the porous sheet is made of a hydrophilic material.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the porous membrane is formed as a plurality of conduits passing through the natural body of water, and wherein the exhaust gas is passed through the natural body of water to purify the carbon dioxide and supplement the oxygen to regenerate the purified air output.