CN112935732A - Preparation method of nickel-based alloy bolt - Google Patents
Preparation method of nickel-based alloy bolt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112935732A CN112935732A CN202110264086.9A CN202110264086A CN112935732A CN 112935732 A CN112935732 A CN 112935732A CN 202110264086 A CN202110264086 A CN 202110264086A CN 112935732 A CN112935732 A CN 112935732A
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- thread
- bar
- nickel
- bolt
- heat treatment
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910000816 inconels 718 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
A preparation method of a nickel-based alloy bolt comprises the following steps: manufacturing forged rods, carrying out solution heat treatment, machining, carrying out nondestructive testing, preforming threads, carrying out precipitation hardening heat treatment in a protective atmosphere, and carrying out fine thread rolling. The invention can obviously reduce the thread processing difficulty, reduce the die loss and improve the production efficiency; on the other hand, the produced threaded fastener can pass the guaranteed load test smoothly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a nickel-based alloy bolt, and belongs to the technical field of fasteners.
Background
GH4169(Inconel718) nickel-based alloy bolt (stud) is generally used for relatively important mechanical equipment, and the thread rolling process is generally required to improve the fatigue strength of the thread.
At present, bolts (studs) are manufactured by using GH4169(Inconel718) nickel-based alloy, and two manufacturing schemes of firstly heat-treating and then machining threads and firstly machining threads and then heat-treating are widely adopted.
According to the manufacturing scheme of the thread processed after the heat treatment, the hardness and the strength of the GH4169(Inconel718) nickel-based alloy after the precipitation hardening heat treatment (final heat treatment) are remarkably improved, the hardness is close to 45HRC, turning and rolling are very difficult, a turning tool is quickly worn, a rolling die is easily damaged, and the batch production cost is high.
The manufacturing scheme of firstly processing threads and then performing heat treatment is that after the bar is subjected to solution heat treatment, thread rolling processing is performed, then precipitation hardening heat treatment is performed, and the mechanical processing manufacturability is better. However, since the thread rolling process is completed before the precipitation hardening heat treatment, there is an imbalance in the structure and the distribution of internal stress between the threaded portion and the non-threaded portion, and the imbalance cannot be eliminated by the precipitation hardening heat treatment. When a full-size bolt (stud), namely a bolt and a stud for testing, are subjected to a load test, the fracture phenomenon occurs at the junction of a threaded section and a non-threaded section, so that the finished product test is unqualified. Tensile test is carried out on the tensile test samples respectively cut from the central parts of the threaded section and the unthreaded section of the bolt (stud) processed by the method, the test is qualified, no problem exists in the material, and the thread rolling processing has important influence on the finished product test.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of higher efficiency and better mechanical property when the nickel-based alloy bolt is processed.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a nickel-based alloy bolt comprises the following steps:
manufacturing a forged rod: forging the nickel-based alloy into a forged rod by adopting a forging process, and controlling the grain size of the forged rod;
solution heat treatment: heating the forged rod in a heat treatment furnace to 924-1010 ℃, selecting proper heat preservation time according to the diameter of the forged rod, and air-cooling or water-cooling the forged rod to room temperature;
and (3) machining: processing the forged rod subjected to solution heat treatment to a specified diameter and length by adopting a cutting process;
nondestructive testing: carrying out nondestructive testing on the bar stock by adopting an ultrasonic flaw detection technology and a liquid penetration flaw detection technology to the mechanically processed forged bar, and picking out the bar stock with defects;
performing threads: making the general shape of a thread on the bar subjected to nondestructive testing;
and (3) carrying out precipitation hardening heat treatment under protective atmosphere: heating the bolt blank in a heat treatment furnace to the temperature of 720 +/-8 ℃, preserving the heat for 8 hours, cooling the bolt blank to the temperature of 620 +/-8 ℃ along with the furnace, keeping the temperature for 18 hours, and finally air-cooling or water-cooling the bolt blank to the room temperature;
fine thread rolling: and (3) carrying out finish rolling forming on the thread part of the bolt blank subjected to precipitation hardening heat treatment in the protective atmosphere by adopting a finished product thread rolling process to prepare a finished bolt, wherein the size and the precision of all thread elements such as the thread major diameter, the tooth height, the thread form angle, the thread pitch, the helical angle and the like reach the specified indexes of the bolt technical requirements.
Further, in forging the nickel-based alloy into a forging bar, upsetting and drawing out are carried out for at least three times, and when upsetting and drawing out are carried out for the last time, the drawing out amount is more than 3 times of the height of a forged blank after upsetting; the grain size of the forged rod is controlled to be 5 grades or finer, the grain size is uniform, and the grain size grade difference is +/-1 grade.
Further, in the mechanical processing, all surfaces must show metallic luster, the surface color of the forged or heat-treated material cannot be reserved, the end face of the bar cannot be reserved with a central hole or a tip hole, and all the surface roughness is Ra3.2-Ra6.3.
Furthermore, the nondestructive detection is to detect the bar material in the radial direction by using direct waves and detect the bar material in the positive and negative directions in the length direction by using oblique waves by using an ultrasonic flaw detection technology, and then pick out the bar material with internal defects of more than 0.5 mm; the surface of the bar is detected by adopting a liquid penetrant inspection technology, and the bar with surface defect display is removed.
Further, the thread preforming is to make a bar subjected to nondestructive testing into a bolt blank, perform preforming processing on the thread part of the bar by using a turning processing method to make the general shape of the thread, wherein the major diameter and the tooth height of the thread are smaller than those of the finished product thread, and the tooth form angle, the tooth pitch and the helix angle of the thread are the same as those of the finished product thread.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme is:
1. the risk of fracture of a full-size bolt (stud) is avoided, and by adopting the processing method, the thread prefabrication forming is carried out on the thread by a turning processing method before the precipitation hardening heat treatment, the structure characteristic of a workpiece is not changed, and the mechanical processing stress is not formed in the material; after all the heat treatment procedures are completed, the thread of the bolt (stud) is finely processed by a rolling method, the thread is strengthened by rolling cold work, the full-size bolt (stud) is ensured that the load test does not have a fracture phenomenon, and the mechanical property meets the standard requirement.
2. The processing method of the invention has the advantages of reducing the production cost and improving the production efficiency, performing thread pre-forming after the solution heat treatment and before the protective atmosphere precipitation hardening heat treatment, reducing the deformation of materials during thread rolling processing under the condition of high hardness when the threads are rolled precisely after the protective atmosphere precipitation hardening heat treatment, prolonging the service life of rolling equipment and a rolling die, reducing the production cost and improving the production efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a nickel-based alloy bolt according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a thread after preforming according to the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the thread after the thread is rolled.
In the figure: d1-the major diameter of the thread after the preforming processing, h 1-the tooth height of the thread after the preforming processing, A1-the thread form angle of the thread after the preforming processing, P1-the thread pitch after the preforming processing, B1-the helix angle of the thread after the preforming processing, D2-the major diameter of the thread after the finish rolling thread, h 2-the thread height of the thread after the finish rolling thread, A2-the thread form angle after the finish rolling thread, P2-the thread pitch after the finish rolling thread, and B2-the helix angle of the thread after the finish rolling thread.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
a preparation method of a nickel-based alloy bolt comprises the following steps:
manufacturing a forged rod: GH4169(Inconel718) nickel-based alloy is forged into a forged rod by a forging process, and the grain size of the forged rod is controlled. The nickel-based alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.08 max, Mn: 0.35 max, Si: 0.35 max, P: 0.015 max, S: 0.015 max, Cr 17.0 to 21.0, Co: 0.1 max, Mo: 2.80 to 3.30; nb + Ta: 4.75-5.50, Ti 0.65-1.15, Al: 0.20-0.80, B: 0.006 max, Cu 0.30 max, Ni: 50.0-55.0, Fe: the residual amount;
solution heat treatment: heating the forged rod in a heat treatment furnace to 924-1010 ℃, selecting proper heat preservation time according to the diameter of the forged rod, and air-cooling or water-cooling the forged rod to room temperature;
and (3) machining: processing the forged rod subjected to solution heat treatment to a specified diameter and length by adopting a cutting process;
nondestructive testing: carrying out nondestructive testing on the bar stock by adopting an ultrasonic flaw detection technology and a liquid penetration flaw detection technology to the mechanically processed forged bar, and picking out the bar stock with defects;
performing threads: making the general shape of a thread on the bar subjected to nondestructive testing;
and (3) carrying out precipitation hardening heat treatment under protective atmosphere: heating the bolt (stud) blank in a heat treatment furnace to the temperature of 720 +/-8 ℃, preserving the heat for 8 hours, cooling the bolt (stud) blank to the temperature of 620 +/-8 ℃ along with the furnace, keeping the temperature for 18 hours, and finally air-cooling or water-cooling the bolt (stud) blank to the room temperature;
fine thread rolling: and (3) carrying out finish rolling forming on the threaded part of the bolt (stud) blank subjected to precipitation hardening heat treatment in the protective atmosphere by adopting a finished product thread rolling process to prepare a finished bolt (stud), wherein the size and the precision of all thread elements such as the thread major diameter, the tooth height, the thread form angle, the pitch, the helix angle and the like reach the specifications of the bolt (stud) technical requirements.
Wherein, the manufacturing of the forging rod needs to carry out upsetting and drawing out for at least three times, and when upsetting and drawing out for the last time, the drawing out amount is more than 3 times of the height of the forged blank after upsetting; the grain size of the forged rod needs to be controlled to be 5 grades or finer, the grain size is uniform, and the grain size grade difference is +/-1 grade.
Wherein, during the mechanical processing, all surfaces must show metallic luster, the surface color of the forged or heat-treated material cannot be reserved, the end face of the bar cannot be reserved with a central hole or a tip hole, and all the surface roughness is Ra3.2-Ra6.3.
The nondestructive testing adopts an ultrasonic flaw detection technology to detect the bar material in the radial direction by using direct waves and detect the bar material in the positive and negative directions of the length direction of the bar material by using oblique waves, and the bar material with the internal defect of more than 0.5mm is rejected; and detecting the surface of the bar by adopting a liquid penetrant inspection technology, and picking out the bar with surface defect display.
The thread preforming is to make a bar subjected to nondestructive testing into a bolt (stud) blank, perform preforming processing on a thread part of the bar by using a turning processing method to manufacture the general shape of a thread, wherein the size of the thread major diameter D1 after the preforming processing is smaller than the thread major diameter D2 after the fine rolling, the size of the thread tooth height h1 after the preforming processing is smaller than the thread tooth height h2 after the fine rolling, the thread form angle A1 of the thread after the preforming processing is the same as that of a finished product (the thread form angle A2 after the fine rolling), the pitch P1 of the thread after the preforming processing is the same as that of the finished product (the thread pitch P2 after the fine rolling), and the thread helix angle B1 after the preforming processing is the same as that of the finished product (the thread helix angle B2 after the fine rolling).
And after the protective atmosphere precipitation hardening heat treatment is carried out on the workpiece, the fine rolling thread is finely rolled to the thread size and precision specified by the technical requirements in a rolling processing mode. The size and precision indexes of all thread elements such as the major diameter D2 of the finish-rolled thread, the height h2 of the finish-rolled thread, the thread profile angle A2 of the finish-rolled thread, the thread pitch P2 of the finish-rolled thread, the thread helix angle B2 of the finish-rolled thread and the like are consistent with the technical requirement indexes of the bolt (stud).
It is understood that the above examples only show one embodiment of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, for example, the non-destructive testing method described in the present application can be changed according to the need, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention; it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, the above technical features can be freely combined, and several changes and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention; therefore, all equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a nickel-based alloy bolt is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
manufacturing a forged rod: forging the nickel-based alloy into a forged rod by adopting a forging process, and controlling the grain size of the forged rod;
solution heat treatment: heating the forged rod in a heat treatment furnace to 924-1010 ℃, selecting proper heat preservation time according to the diameter of the forged rod, and air-cooling or water-cooling the forged rod to room temperature;
and (3) machining: processing the forged rod subjected to solution heat treatment to a specified diameter and length by adopting a cutting process;
nondestructive testing: carrying out nondestructive testing on the bar stock by adopting an ultrasonic flaw detection technology and a liquid penetration flaw detection technology to the mechanically processed forged bar, and picking out the bar stock with defects;
performing threads: making the general shape of a thread on the bar subjected to nondestructive testing;
and (3) carrying out precipitation hardening heat treatment under protective atmosphere: heating the bolt blank in a heat treatment furnace to the temperature of 720 +/-8 ℃, preserving the heat for 8 hours, cooling the bolt blank to the temperature of 620 +/-8 ℃ along with the furnace, keeping the temperature for 18 hours, and finally air-cooling or water-cooling the bolt blank to the room temperature;
fine thread rolling: and (3) carrying out finish rolling forming on the thread part of the bolt blank subjected to precipitation hardening heat treatment in the protective atmosphere by adopting a finished product thread rolling process to prepare a finished bolt, wherein the size and the precision of all thread elements such as the thread major diameter, the tooth height, the thread form angle, the thread pitch, the helical angle and the like reach the specified indexes of the bolt technical requirements.
2. The method for producing a nickel-base alloy bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: the nickel-based alloy is forged into a forging bar, at least three times of upsetting and drawing are carried out, and when the last upsetting and drawing are carried out, the drawing amount is more than 3 times of the height of a forging stock after upsetting; the grain size of the forged rod is controlled to be 5 grades or finer, the grain size is uniform, and the grain size grade difference is +/-1 grade.
3. The method for producing a nickel-base alloy bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: during the mechanical processing, all surfaces must show metallic luster, the surface color of the forged or heat-treated material cannot be reserved, the end face of the bar cannot be reserved with a central hole or a tip hole, and all the surface roughness is Ra3.2-Ra6.3.
4. The method for producing a nickel-base alloy bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: the nondestructive testing adopts the ultrasonic flaw detection technology to detect the bar material in the radial direction by using direct waves and detect the bar material in the positive and negative directions of the length direction of the bar material by using oblique waves, and the bar material with the internal defect of more than 0.5mm is rejected; and detecting the surface of the bar by adopting a liquid penetrant inspection technology, and picking out the bar with surface defect display.
5. The method for producing a nickel-base alloy bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thread preforming is to make a bar subjected to nondestructive testing into a bolt blank, perform preforming processing on the thread part of the bar by using a turning processing method to make the general shape of the thread, wherein the large diameter and the tooth height of the thread are smaller than those of the finished product thread, and the tooth form angle, the tooth pitch and the helix angle of the thread are the same as those of the finished product thread.
6. The method for producing a nickel-base alloy bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: the nickel-based alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.08 max, Mn: 0.35 max, Si: 0.35 max, P: 0.015 max, S: 0.015 max, Cr 17.0 to 21.0, Co: 0.1 max, Mo: 2.80 to 3.30; nb + Ta: 4.75-5.50, Ti 0.65-1.15, Al: 0.20-0.80, B: 0.006 max, Cu 0.30 max, Ni: 50.0-55.0, Fe: the remaining amount.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110264086.9A CN112935732A (en) | 2021-03-11 | 2021-03-11 | Preparation method of nickel-based alloy bolt |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110264086.9A CN112935732A (en) | 2021-03-11 | 2021-03-11 | Preparation method of nickel-based alloy bolt |
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| CN112935732A true CN112935732A (en) | 2021-06-11 |
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| CN202110264086.9A Pending CN112935732A (en) | 2021-03-11 | 2021-03-11 | Preparation method of nickel-based alloy bolt |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117961454A (en) * | 2024-04-02 | 2024-05-03 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Nickel-based alloy lead screw manufacturing method and nickel-based alloy lead screw |
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