Background
In the past half century, the fusion of laser technology, computer technology and new material technology has led to a new era of additive manufacturing (3D printing) technology. The additive manufacturing is a direct near-net forming technology without a mold, and is based on computer aided design/manufacturing, materials are solidified and clad layer by layer or stacked layer by layer and connected into an integral structure by block assembly welding, so that a personalized, customized and miniaturized production mode can be realized.
In terms of the physical concept of machining and manufacturing, welding is a typical example of additive manufacturing, and both a welding rod repair surfacing technology and a numerical control automatic welding technology and additive manufacturing based on a high-energy beam heat source belong to the field of generalized additive manufacturing. The technology basis for the rapid development of the additive manufacturing technology of metal components is the technical progress of taking high-energy beams (electron beams and laser beams) as special welding heat sources, the high-energy beams are very flexible, the energy can be accurately controlled, the high-energy beams are deeply fused with computer-aided design/manufacturing information technology, and metal wires or metal powder is filled into a focusing heating area or paved into the focusing heating area in a vacuum chamber or in an inert gas protection environment, so that the materials are melted and solidified and formed layer by layer.
The additive manufacturing essentially belongs to the field of material processing, commonly used additive manufacturing materials (consumables) comprise engineering plastics, rubber materials, photosensitive resin, metal, ceramic and the like, wherein the 3D printing technology of the metal materials is developed rapidly, and metal powder used in 3D printing generally requires high purity, good sphericity, narrow particle size distribution and low oxygen content. At present, the metal powder materials applied to 3D printing mainly include titanium alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, stainless steel, aluminum alloy materials, and the like.
At present, the additive manufacturing of China already has some influential enterprises and brands in the fields of equipment, software and the like, but materials mainly depend on import, and the research and development of additive manufacturing materials with independent intellectual property rights have important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a metal material for welding and a composition of the metal material for welding.
In a first aspect of the invention there is provided a metallic composition for welding, in particular an additive manufacturing (3D printing) metallic or alloy consumable composition.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the metal composition for welding comprises, by weight, based on the total weight of the metal composition for welding:
C:0.05-0.1%;
Si:0.2-0.6%;
Mn:0.2-0.7%;
S:0.01-0.02%;
Cr:8-15%;
Ni:0.1-0.15%;
Mo:0.01-0.02%;
Co:0.01-0.025%;
nb: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
ti: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
V:0.01-0.02%;
w: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
b: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The metal composition for welding of the present invention more preferably includes, in terms of weight ratio, based on the total weight of the metal composition for welding:
C:0.07-0.085%;
Si:0.3-0.55%;
Mn:0.3-0.6%;
S:0.01-0.018%;
Cr:10-13%;
Ni:0.11-0.14%;
Mo:0.012-0.017%;
Co:0.014-0.022%;
nb: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
ti: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
V:0.012-0.017%;
w: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
b: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The metal composition for welding of the present invention more preferably includes, in terms of weight ratio, based on the total weight of the metal composition for welding:
C:0.07-0.08%;
Si:0.4-0.5%;
Mn:0.4-0.55%;
S:0.012-0.015%;
Cr:11.5-13%;
Ni:0.11-0.14%;
Mo:0.013-0.015%;
Co:0.016-0.02%;
nb: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
ti: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
V:0.012-0.015%;
w: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
b: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The metal composition for welding of the invention more preferably includes, in terms of weight ratio, based on the total weight of the metal composition for welding:
C:0.075-0.08%;
Si:0.4-0.5%;
Mn:0.4-0.5%;
S:0.012-0.014%;
Cr:11.5-12.5%;
Ni:0.11-0.14%;
Mo:0.013-0.015%;
Co:0.017-0.02%;
nb: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
ti: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
V:0.013-0.015%;
w: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
b: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a welding alloy, preferably prepared from the above-described welding metal composition.
The alloy for welding comprises the following components in percentage by weight based on the total weight of the alloy for welding:
C:0.05-0.1%;
Si:0.2-0.6%;
Mn:0.2-0.7%;
S:0.01-0.02%;
Cr:8-15%;
Ni:0.1-0.15%;
Mo:0.01-0.02%;
Co:0.01-0.025%;
nb: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
ti: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
V:0.01-0.02%;
w: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
b: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
In the alloy for welding of the present invention, the composition comprises, in terms of weight ratio, more preferably:
C:0.07-0.085%;
Si:0.3-0.55%;
Mn:0.3-0.6%;
S:0.01-0.018%;
Cr:10-13%;
Ni:0.11-0.14%;
Mo:0.012-0.017%;
Co:0.014-0.022%;
nb: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
ti: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
V:0.012-0.017%;
w: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
b: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
In the welding alloy of the present invention, the composition, based on the total weight of the welding alloy, more preferably includes, by weight:
C:0.07-0.08%;
Si:0.4-0.5%;
Mn:0.4-0.55%;
S:0.012-0.015%;
Cr:11.5-13%;
Ni:0.11-0.14%;
Mo:0.013-0.015%;
Co:0.016-0.02%;
nb: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
ti: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
V:0.012-0.015%;
w: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
b: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
In the welding alloy of the present invention, the composition, based on the total weight of the welding alloy, more preferably includes, by weight:
C:0.075-0.08%;
Si:0.4-0.5%;
Mn:0.4-0.5%;
S:0.012-0.014%;
Cr:11.5-12.5%;
Ni:0.11-0.14%;
Mo:0.013-0.015%;
Co:0.017-0.02%;
nb: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
ti: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
V:0.013-0.015%;
w: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
b: less than or equal to 0.005 percent but not 0 percent; preferably more than or equal to 0.00001 percent;
the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The metal composition or alloy for welding of the present invention preferably comprises a powder. Preferably, the powder is entirely elemental powder, or at least comprises elemental powder.
In a preferred embodiment, the particle size of the elemental powder is preferably 50 to 250 mesh, more preferably 60 to 200 mesh.
More preferably, the elemental powder described herein may be present in such a manner that a part of the powder has a particle diameter outside the above mesh number range, but the powder weight ratio outside this range cannot exceed 10%.
In a preferred embodiment, the particle size of any two elemental powders may be the same or different.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a 3D printed product, comprising the steps of laying the welding metal composition of the first aspect on a substrate surface layer by layer, and sintering the welding metal composition during or after laying each layer of the welding metal composition.
Wherein the sintering may preferably be laser sintering.
The metal composition for welding and the alloy prepared from the metal composition for welding have high hardness, can be used for welding forged iron base materials, rolled steel materials and cast iron base materials, and can be particularly used as metal consumables for 3D printing (additive manufacturing).
Detailed Description
The steel alloy for a welding material and the composition of the steel alloy according to the present invention will be described below by way of example with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
In the present example, as shown in fig. 1, the metal composition for welding 2 is in a powder form. The metal composition 2 for powder welding is uniformly converged and fed into the focused laser beam 1, and the powder flow and the laser beam 1 are coaxially coupled and output. The laser beam 1 heats the workpiece 4 into a molten pool 3, the powdery metal composition 2 for welding is sprayed into the molten pool 3, and the metal composition 2 for welding is deposited to form a formed part.
The metal composition for welding 2 includes Fe, C, Si, Mn, S, Cr, Ni, Mo, Co, Ti, V, W, and B, and it is understood that the metal composition for welding 2 may contain inevitable impurities. Specifically, the proportions of the respective components of the metal composition for welding 2 to the total weight of the metal composition for welding 2 are as follows:
C:0.07%;
Si:0.55%;
Mn:0.45%;
S:0.01%;
Cr:10%;
Ni:0.1%
Mo:0.011%;
Co:0.02%;
Nb:0.001%;
Ti:0.001%;
V:0.011%;
W:0.001%;
B:0.001%;
the balance being Fe.
Example 2
In the present example, as shown in fig. 1, the metal composition for welding 2 is in a powder form. The metal composition 2 for powder welding is uniformly converged and fed into the focused laser beam 1, and the powder flow and the laser beam 1 are coaxially coupled and output. The laser beam 1 heats the workpiece 4 into a molten pool 3, the powdery metal composition 2 for welding is sprayed into the molten pool 3, and the metal composition 2 for welding is deposited to form a formed part.
The metal composition for welding 2 includes C, Si, Mn, S, Cr, Ni, Mo, Co, Ti, V, W, and B, and it is understood that the metal composition for welding 2 may contain inevitable impurities. Specifically, the proportions of the respective components of the metal composition for welding 2 to the total weight of the metal composition for welding 2 are as follows:
C:0.08%;
Si:0.5%;
Mn:0.5%;
S:0.013%;
Cr:13%;
Ni:0.12%
Mo:0.014%;
Co:0.015%;
Nb:0.001%;
Ti:0.001%;
V:0.014%;
W:0.001%;
B:0.001%;
the balance being Fe.
Example 3
In the present example, as shown in fig. 1, the metal composition for welding 2 is in a powder form. The metal composition 2 for powder welding is uniformly converged and fed into the focused laser beam 1, and the powder flow and the laser beam 1 are coaxially coupled and output. The laser beam 1 heats the workpiece 4 into a molten pool 3, the powdery metal composition 2 for welding is sprayed into the molten pool 3, and the metal composition 2 for welding is deposited to form a formed part.
The metal composition for welding 2 includes C, Si, Mn, S, Cr, Ni, Mo, Co, Ti, V, W, and B, and it is understood that the metal composition for welding 2 may contain inevitable impurities. Specifically, the proportions of the respective components of the metal composition for welding 2 to the total weight of the metal composition for welding 2 are as follows:
C:0.09%;
Si:0.45%;
Mn:0.55%;
S:0.015%;
Cr:14%;
Ni:0.14%
Mo:0.016%;
Co:0.021%;
Nb:0.001%;
Ti:0.001%;
V:0.016%;
W:0.001%;
B:0.001%;
the balance being Fe.
The steel alloy for the welding material according to the above embodiment of the present invention can be used for welding forged iron base materials, rolled steel materials, and cast iron base materials. The post-welding hardness in the non-tempered and pre-heated condition is shown in table 1, wherein the welding method employs a 3D printing (additive manufacturing) method with a thickness of 0.5mm per layer.
TABLE 1 results of the Performance test of the Steel alloys for welding materials
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.