CN112928949B - Magnetic suspension experimental device for eliminating high-temperature superconducting space debris - Google Patents
Magnetic suspension experimental device for eliminating high-temperature superconducting space debris Download PDFInfo
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- CN112928949B CN112928949B CN202110090506.6A CN202110090506A CN112928949B CN 112928949 B CN112928949 B CN 112928949B CN 202110090506 A CN202110090506 A CN 202110090506A CN 112928949 B CN112928949 B CN 112928949B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a magnetic suspension experimental device for eliminating high-temperature superconducting space fragments, which comprises a rectangular-section runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil, a liftable cooling platform, a high-temperature superconducting block, simulation fragments, an auxiliary low-temperature Dewar, refrigeration equipment, a vacuum pump and the like; the runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil with the rectangular cross section is horizontally placed, the liftable cooling platform is arranged on the symmetrical plane above the low-temperature superconducting coil, the high-temperature superconducting block is placed on the platform, and the simulation fragments are carried on the high-temperature superconducting block. After the low-temperature superconducting coil enters a superconducting state, the high-temperature superconducting block is cooled again, simulation fragments carried on the high-temperature superconducting block can be suspended in the original position by utilizing a pinning effect, the high-temperature superconducting block can freely move in a horizontal local range without resistance, when laser bombards the simulation fragments, the surface material is locally ablated and vaporized, the reaction force drives the simulation fragments to start moving, and the changes of the displacement, the speed, the acceleration and the posture of the simulation fragments are measured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of superconducting electromagnetic suspension, in particular to a magnetic suspension experimental device for eliminating high-temperature superconducting space debris, which can be applied to the fields of related experimental test instruments, ground high-speed vehicles and the like.
Background
With the increase of human space launching activities, various artificial aircrafts and fragments left and abandoned on the earth periphery space orbit are more and more, and the fragments fly at a speed higher than the first cosmic speed, thereby causing huge security threats to effective space satellites and space stations in the re-launching process and work. In the prior art, people propose various methods for gradually removing the space debris, including methods of grabbing, scattering and flying net capturing by using an active space aircraft, or high-energy laser bombardment on the ground, wherein high-energy laser beams are used for bombarding space debris in flight on the ground, the surfaces of the metal debris are instantaneously heated to change phases and release gas to generate a reaction force, the flight speed and the flight path of the space debris can be effectively changed, the space debris gradually stalls and finally falls into the atmosphere to be burnt, and compared with other methods, the method is low in cost, safe and reliable. In order to research the effect of the laser parameters on the space debris, relevant space environment simulation experiments are required to be carried out on the ground, wherein the space environment simulation experiments comprise the simulation of high vacuum, microgravity and ultralow temperature extreme environments of the space. The free suspension area of the load generated by the prior art (refer to patent: application No. 201510013185.4, application No. 201510013431.6) is very limited, and resistance exists on the path of laser target shooting, so that the space microgravity environment is difficult to simulate effectively.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the magnetic suspension experimental device for eliminating the high-temperature superconducting space debris is a device and a method capable of enabling a load to freely suspend in a straight line section in the target shooting direction, and simulates a micro-gravity environment of a space. This scheme utilizes runway shape low temperature superconducting coil to produce the even magnetic field of distribution on the space straight line, utilize the pinning effect of high temperature superconductor to realize stable magnetic suspension, under the cold condition of field, superconductor (carrying load) is pinned on the straight line in evenly distributed magnetic field, can freely along linear motion without resistance, and other directions are retrained, simulate the space microgravity state of laser targeting direction well, combine the high vacuum and the ultra-low temperature environment of low temperature dewar, space actual environment has been simulated relatively completely, implement the space debris laser bombardment effect experiment for ground and provide good ground simulation experiment platform.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: a magnetic suspension experimental facility for eliminating high-temperature superconducting space debris comprises: the device comprises a rectangular-section runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil, a liftable cooling platform, a high-temperature superconducting block and simulation fragments. Wherein: the runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil with the rectangular cross section is horizontally placed, the liftable cooling platform is arranged on the symmetrical surface above or below the low-temperature superconducting coil, the high-temperature superconducting block is placed on the platform, and the simulation fragments are carried on the high-temperature superconducting block. A vertical magnetic field which is uniformly distributed in the horizontal direction is generated above or below the runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil with a rectangular cross section, and stable magnetic suspension in the vertical direction and free movement in the horizontal direction are realized by using the pinning effect of a high-temperature superconducting block; the runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil firstly enters a superconducting state to generate a magnetic field, the high-temperature superconducting block material then enters the superconducting state to lock magnetic flux to trigger a pinning effect, then the movable cooling platform leaves, and the high-temperature superconducting block material enters a magnetic suspension state; after the simulation fragments are accelerated by laser bombardment together with the simulation fragments, the simulation fragments move to the tail end position and then swing upwards and decelerate to lose the horizontal free suspension state, then move back to the initial position, and at the moment, the liftable cooling platform returns to the initial position to capture the high-temperature superconducting block so as to enter the next round of laser bombardment experiment.
Furthermore, the magnetic suspension experimental device for eliminating the high-temperature superconducting space fragments also comprises an auxiliary low-temperature Dewar, a refrigeration device, a vacuum pump, an excitation power supply and the like; the low-temperature superconducting coil, the liftable cooling platform, the high-temperature superconducting block and the simulation fragments are all placed in the low-temperature Dewar, the high-temperature superconducting block is positioned in a symmetrical plane in the length direction above or below the racetrack-shaped coil, air in the Dewar is pumped out to be close to vacuum under the working of the vacuum pump, heat conduction and convection are blocked, the components in the Dewar are thermally isolated from the external normal-temperature environment under the heat radiation prevention effect of the super heat insulation layer of the Dewar liner, the refrigeration equipment starts to operate, and the racetrack-shaped superconducting coil is gradually cooled to be below the critical temperature and enters a superconducting state. The excitation power supply energizes the racetrack-shaped superconducting coil, improves the current carrying to a rated value in a gradient manner, generates a stable magnetic field around the coil, and enters a constant current state. After the magnetic field is stabilized, the refrigeration equipment cools the high-temperature superconducting block through the liftable cooling platform, when the temperature is cooled to be below the critical temperature, the magnetic flux at the position of the high-temperature superconducting block is locked in the high-temperature superconducting block to form a pinning effect, the liftable cooling platform is moved away, the high-temperature superconducting block and simulation fragments carried on the high-temperature superconducting block can be suspended in situ, the low-temperature superconducting coil generates a magnetic field uniformly distributed in the horizontal direction above or below the symmetrical plane of the straight-line section of the runway, so that the high-temperature superconducting block can freely move without resistance in the horizontal direction of the horizontal low-temperature superconducting coil, when laser bombards the simulation fragments, the surface material is locally ablated and vaporized, the reaction force drives the simulation fragments to start to move, and the influence degree of the laser bombardment with different dosages on the simulation fragments can be obtained by measuring the displacement, the speed, the acceleration and the posture change of the simulation fragments, therefore, the motion state change and the track of the outer space debris under the ground laser bombardment are analyzed and predicted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the pinning effect of the high-temperature superconductor is utilized to realize non-contact magnetic suspension, and after the high-temperature superconductor block enters a suspension state, the high-temperature superconductor block can freely move left and right in the horizontal direction, and has good up-down and front-back stability;
(2) the high vacuum ultralow temperature environment in the Dewar is similar to that of the outer space;
(3) after the runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil enters a superconducting state, the resistance is zero, no electric energy is consumed after the coil is electrified, no Joule heat exists, and the low-temperature environment in the Dewar does not change;
(4) after a group of experiments are finished, accelerated simulation fragments reach the tail end of the uniform area, automatically climb upwards to decelerate, then automatically return to the initial position, are blocked by the liftable cooling platform, and conveniently enter the next round of experiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structural shape of a rectangular-section racetrack-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil and its relative positions with a high-temperature superconducting block, a liftable cooling platform and simulation fragments;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the equipotential surfaces of the peripheral magnetic field on the front and back symmetry planes of the cryogenic coil, showing that there are two horizontally uniform zones above and below;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the lifting platform being moved away after the low-temperature superconducting coil and the high-temperature superconducting block enter a magnetic suspension state;
in the figure: 1. a low temperature superconducting coil; 2. high temperature superconducting blocks; 3. simulating fragments; 4. the cooling platform can be lifted.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
The invention provides a magnetic suspension experimental device for eliminating high-temperature superconducting space debris, which comprises: the low-temperature superconducting coil is wound on a metal framework and is connected with an excitation power supply outside a Dewar through a lead, a liftable cooling platform is a metal platform, such as red copper, is processed and manufactured and is connected with a refrigerator, and the contact and disconnection with the refrigerator can be realized through the up-down lifting of a controllable motion mechanism and a thermal contact switch. The high-temperature superconducting block is a high-temperature superconductor, generally a YBCO high-temperature superconductor. The simulated debris may be prefabricated from a material that simulates the space debris. The auxiliary low-temperature Dewar is a vacuum sealed container, the above-mentioned components are mounted in the interior of said Dewar, the refrigeration equipment can be low-temperature refrigerator or liquid helium return pipe, and can be fed into the interior of Dewar to reduce temperature of the above-mentioned components, the vacuum pump can be used for evacuating Dewar and the excitation power supply can be used for energizing and exciting superconducting coil, and the auxiliary component is a conventional component, and is not specially drawn in the attached drawing. The runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil with the rectangular cross section is horizontally placed in a Dewar, the Dewar is suspended through a heat insulation pull rod, a liftable cooling platform is arranged on the symmetrical surface above or below the low-temperature superconducting coil, a high-temperature superconducting block is placed on the platform, and simulation fragments are carried on the high-temperature superconducting block. The low-temperature superconducting coil, the liftable cooling platform, the high-temperature superconducting block and the simulation fragments are all placed in the low-temperature dewar, and the high-temperature superconducting block is located in a symmetrical plane in the length direction above or below the racetrack-shaped coil.
Under the work of the vacuum pump, air in the Dewar is pumped out and finally approaches to vacuum, and the heat transfer between the low-temperature superconducting coil, the high-temperature superconducting block, the simulation fragments and the liftable cooling platform and the normal temperature environment is blocked. The refrigeration equipment starts to operate, the runway-shaped superconducting coil is gradually cooled to be below the critical temperature, for NbTi superconducting coil materials, the temperature is generally about 11k, and the low-temperature superconducting coil enters a superconducting state. An excitation power supply outside the Dewar supplies power to the runway-shaped superconducting coil through a lead wire, the current carrying of the superconducting coil is gradually improved to a rated value, a stable magnetic field is generated around the coil, and the excitation power supply enters a constant current state. The magnetic field also enters a stable state, part of magnetic flux enters the inside of the high-temperature superconducting block, at the moment, the lifting cooling platform is communicated with the refrigeration equipment to cool the high-temperature superconducting block, when the temperature is cooled to be below a critical temperature, the YBCO is about 90K generally, the magnetic flux at the position of the high-temperature superconducting block is locked in the high-temperature superconducting block to form a pinning effect, and then the lifting cooling platform is moved away because the vertical magnetic field in the horizontal direction on the symmetrical plane is uniform and the magnetic flux in other directions has gradients, so the high-temperature superconducting block and the simulation fragments carried on the high-temperature superconducting block can be suspended in situ. When laser bombards on the simulation debris, the surface material is locally ablated and vaporized, the reaction force drives the simulation debris to start moving in the horizontal direction, and the influence parameter relation of the laser bombarding simulation debris on the movement characteristics of the simulation debris can be obtained by measuring the displacement, the speed, the acceleration and the posture change of the simulation debris, so that the movement state change and the track of the outer space debris under the ground laser bombardment are analyzed and predicted. The laser generator is positioned outside the Dewar, and the Dewar is provided with a glass hole, so that the sealing performance of the Dewar is ensured, and laser is allowed to enter the inside to bombard the simulated fragments. The movement characteristics of the simulated debris can be experimentally observed and recorded through a sight hole in the dewar.
The invention is characterized in that:
1) the magnetic field in the vertical direction which is uniformly distributed in the horizontal direction is generated above or below the runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil with the rectangular cross section, and the stable magnetic suspension in the vertical direction and the free motion in the horizontal direction are realized by the pinning effect of the high-temperature superconducting block.
2) The runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil firstly enters a superconducting state to generate a magnetic field, the high-temperature superconducting block material then enters the superconducting state to lock magnetic flux to trigger a pinning effect, then the movable cooling platform leaves, and the high-temperature superconducting block material enters a magnetic suspension state.
3) After the simulation fragments are accelerated by laser bombardment together with the simulation fragments, the simulation fragments move to the tail end position and then swing upwards and decelerate to lose the horizontal free suspension state, then move back to the initial position, and at the moment, the liftable cooling platform returns to the initial position to capture the high-temperature superconducting block so as to enter the next round of laser bombardment experiment.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows the relative placement positions of a rectangular-section racetrack-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil 1, a high-temperature superconducting block 2, simulation fragments 3 and a liftable cooling platform 4 according to an embodiment of the invention, which can be above or below the symmetrical plane of the superconducting coil 1 in the length direction, and are shown below. The low-temperature superconducting coil 1 is suspended in a Dewar through a pull rod and is connected with an excitation power supply outside the Dewar through a lead, the liftable cooling platform 4 can freely move up and down in the Dewar and can be contacted with and separated from low-temperature refrigeration equipment, a vacuum pump vacuumizes the Dewar to pump air out of the Dewar, and the refrigeration equipment supplies common superconducting auxiliary equipment such as the low-temperature coil Dewar, the pull rod, the excitation power supply, the vacuum pump and the like;
fig. 2 shows an equipotential line of magnetic field distribution generated by the low-temperature superconducting coil 1 on the front and back symmetric planes, it can be seen that there are two very uniform horizontal lines above and below, the vertical magnetic field on the line is uniform, the high-temperature superconducting block 2 in the pinning state carries the simulation debris 3 and can freely move along the line without resistance horizontally, when the high-temperature superconducting block 2 moves to the end position of the horizontal line, the pinning effect swings upwards, and the high-temperature superconducting block returns to the initial position along the equipotential line under the action of gravity. The horizontal equipotential line exists specifically, after the design of the rectangular-section low-temperature superconducting coil is completed, the completely horizontal straight magnetic field equipotential line can be found through numerical software calculation, the magnetic field equipotential line on the horizontal equipotential line is convex upwards, and the magnetic field equipotential line on the lower side of the horizontal equipotential line is concave downwards, so that the horizontal equipotential line cannot be used.
Fig. 3 shows the state that the high temperature superconducting block 2 and the simulation fragments 3 are suspended in situ after the movable lifting cooling platform 4 is lowered away, and at this time, the laser generator outside the dewar can start working to emit laser pulses to bombard the simulation fragments 3, so that the simulation fragments can generate movement and posture changes.
Claims (1)
1. A magnetic suspension experimental facility for eliminating high-temperature superconducting space debris is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: rectangular cross section runway shape low temperature superconducting coil, liftable cooling platform, high temperature superconducting block material and simulation piece, wherein: the rectangular-section runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil is horizontally placed, the liftable cooling platform is arranged at the symmetrical plane position above or below the rectangular-section runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil, the liftable cooling platform is provided with a high-temperature superconducting block, simulation fragments are carried on the high-temperature superconducting block, a vertical magnetic field which is uniformly distributed in the horizontal direction is generated above or below the rectangular-section runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil, and the pinning effect of the high-temperature superconducting block is utilized to realize stable magnetic suspension in the vertical direction and free movement in the horizontal direction; the rectangular-section runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil firstly enters a superconducting state to generate a magnetic field, the high-temperature superconducting block material then enters the superconducting state to lock magnetic flux to trigger a pinning effect, then the cooling platform can be lifted and separated, and the high-temperature superconducting block material enters a magnetic suspension state; after the high-temperature superconducting block and the simulation fragments are accelerated by laser bombardment, the high-temperature superconducting block swings upwards and decelerates after moving to the tail end position, loses the horizontal free suspension state, then moves back to the initial position, and the liftable cooling platform returns to the initial position to capture the high-temperature superconducting block so as to enter the next round of laser bombardment experiment;
the device also comprises an auxiliary low-temperature Dewar, refrigeration equipment, a vacuum pump and an excitation power supply; the rectangular cross section runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil, the liftable cooling platform, the high-temperature superconducting block and the simulation fragments are all placed in the low-temperature dewar, the high-temperature superconducting block is positioned in a symmetrical plane in the length direction above or below the rectangular cross section runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil, under the work of a vacuum pump, air in the low-temperature dewar is pumped out to be close to vacuum, heat conduction and convection are blocked, the heat radiation prevention effect of the super heat insulation layer of the low-temperature dewar lining is added, the components in the low-temperature dewar are thermally isolated from the external normal temperature environment, the refrigeration equipment starts to operate, and the rectangular cross section runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil is gradually cooled to be below the critical temperature and enters a superconducting state; the excitation power supply is used for electrifying the rectangular-section runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil, improving the current carrying to a rated value in a gradient manner, generating a stable magnetic field around the rectangular-section runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil, and enabling the excitation power supply to enter a constant current state; after the magnetic field is stabilized, the refrigeration equipment cools the high-temperature superconducting block through the liftable cooling platform, when the temperature is cooled to be below the critical temperature, the magnetic flux at the position of the high-temperature superconducting block is locked in the high-temperature superconducting block to form a pinning effect, the liftable cooling platform is moved away, the high-temperature superconducting block and simulation fragments carried on the high-temperature superconducting block can be suspended in situ, the rectangular-section runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil generates a magnetic field uniformly distributed in the horizontal direction above or below the symmetrical plane of the straight-line section of the runway, the high-temperature superconducting block can freely move in the horizontal direction of the horizontal rectangular-section runway-shaped low-temperature superconducting coil without resistance, when the laser bombards the simulation fragments, the surface material is locally ablated and vaporized, the reaction force drives the simulation fragments to start to move, and the displacement, the speed, the acceleration and the posture of the simulation fragments are measured, and obtaining the influence degree of the laser bombardment with different doses on the simulation debris, so as to analyze and predict the motion state change and the track of the outer space debris under the ground laser bombardment.
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