CN112927821A - Fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on bionic design - Google Patents
Fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on bionic design Download PDFInfo
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- CN112927821A CN112927821A CN201911231940.0A CN201911231940A CN112927821A CN 112927821 A CN112927821 A CN 112927821A CN 201911231940 A CN201911231940 A CN 201911231940A CN 112927821 A CN112927821 A CN 112927821A
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- liquid
- intermediate layer
- lithium
- fusion reactor
- cladding
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- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Er]O[Er]=O VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011365 complex material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004211 gastric acid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001156 gastric mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
- G21B1/13—First wall; Blanket; Divertor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on bionic design, which can solve the problem of corrosion of a lithium-based proliferation agent and a coolant to an insulating coating. The liquid lithium-based proliferation agent comprises a liquid lithium-based proliferation agent, a liquid intermediate layer is arranged outside the liquid lithium-based proliferation agent, and a liquid cladding pipe wall is coated outside the liquid intermediate layer. And a flow passage plug-in is arranged in the middle of the liquid middle layer. The flow channel plug-in components adopt 3D printing manufacturing layers. The liquid intermediate layer is made of liquid metal/alloy/molten salt. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the fusion reactor liquid cladding design based on bionics, and can prevent the corrosion of liquid lithium-based proliferation agent and coolant to the insulating coating by adding the liquid intermediate layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of liquid metal cladding in a fusion reactor, and particularly relates to a fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on bionic design. A flow-state intermediate layer is added between the lithium-based tritium breeding agent and coolant and the cladding structure material, so that the corrosion of lithium to the insulating coating can be prevented.
Background
Controlled nuclear fusion is the ultimate solution to the energy problem. Magnetic confinement nuclear fusion is the most possible fusion mode realized in engineering, and the adopted reaction is tritium-deuterium fusion at present. Wherein deuterium is extracted from seawater, initial tritium is provided by a fission reactor, and the fusion reactor must realize self-sufficiency of the tritium in the operation process. In addition, the energy generated in the fusion reactor also needs to be transferred out to be converted into electrical energy. Both of these functions require cladding to assume. The cladding has two basic design ideas, firstly, solid lithium-containing pellets are used as a proliferation agent, and then a gas or liquid loop is independently constructed for heat exchange, namely the solid cladding, and the method has complex material exchange and low thermal efficiency; and secondly, the liquid lithium/lithium-based alloy is used as a proliferation agent and has the function of heat exchange, namely, the liquid metal cladding has the advantages of good geometric adaptability, high tritium proliferation ratio, online tritium taking and material changing, high heat efficiency and the like. However, liquid metal cladding also has two distinct disadvantages, one being the Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect, which affects the flow of the proliferation agent; secondly, the lithium-based proliferation agent can cause serious corrosion to the structural material of the cladding. These two problems have restricted the engineering application of liquid metal cladding to fusion reactors. The existing solution is to deposit a thin film of insulating coating, such as alumina, yttria, erbium oxide, on the structural material, which can significantly reduce MHD effect, but the coating is also subject to corrosion and severely limited lifetime.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on bionic design, which can solve the problem of corrosion of a lithium-based proliferation agent and a coolant to an insulating coating.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on bionic design comprises a liquid lithium-based proliferation agent, a liquid intermediate layer is arranged outside the liquid lithium-based proliferation agent, and a liquid cladding pipe wall is wrapped outside the liquid intermediate layer.
And a flow passage plug-in is arranged in the middle of the liquid middle layer.
The liquid intermediate layer adopts a double-layer sleeve structure.
The outer layer of the liquid middle layer is a liquid cladding pipe wall, and the inner layer is a runner plug-in.
The flow channel insert is a sieve-shaped pipeline with a liquid middle layer material injection hole.
The flow channel plug-in components adopt 3D printing manufacturing layers.
The liquid intermediate layer is made of liquid metal/alloy/molten salt.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the fusion reactor liquid cladding design based on bionics, and can prevent the corrosion of liquid lithium-based proliferation agent and coolant to the insulating coating by adding the liquid intermediate layer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on a bionic design provided by the invention.
In the figure, 1 liquid lithium based proliferation agent, 2 liquid intermediate layer, 3 liquid cladding tube wall, 4 flow channel insert.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
The invention provides a bionic model of a fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on bionic design, which comprises the following steps: the animal's stomach forms a mucus-bicarbonate barrier on the surface of the gastric mucosa, which prevents erosion of the stomach wall by gastric acid. Based on the bionics principle, a liquid intermediate layer is formed between the cladding structure material and the liquid lithium-based proliferation agent and the liquid coolant to simulate the function of a mucus-bicarbonate barrier and prevent the liquid lithium-based proliferation agent and the liquid coolant from corroding the insulating coating.
As shown in figure 1, the fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on the bionic design comprises a liquid lithium-based proliferation agent 1, a liquid intermediate layer 2 is arranged outside the liquid lithium-based proliferation agent 1, a liquid cladding pipe wall 3 is wrapped outside the liquid intermediate layer 2, and a flow channel plug-in 4 is arranged in the middle of the liquid intermediate layer 2. The flow channel insert 4 has a sieve mesh structure.
The liquid middle layer 2 adopts a double-layer sleeve structure, the outer layer is a liquid cladding pipe wall 3, and the inner layer is a flow channel plug-in 4. The flow channel insert 4 is a sieve-like pipe with an injection opening for the liquid intermediate layer material. The design requirements of the sieve pore structure are as follows: the pore size and the density of the pores are matched with the injection amount of the liquid intermediate layer, so that the injection amount of the liquid intermediate layer material can be enough to completely cover the inner surface of the runner insert. The flow channel insert 4 is manufactured using 3D printing and is coated with an insulating coating on the surface using CVD/PVD (chemical vapor deposition/physical vapor deposition).
Wherein, liquid intermediate level 2 is a high temperature stable liquid material, and liquid intermediate level 2 can keep apart the insulating coating of tritium breeding agent and cladding to reach the purpose of protection insulating coating, reduction MHD effect.
The liquid intermediate layer 2 is made of a liquid metal/alloy/molten salt as an intermediate layer material, and has the following characteristics: low melting point, high boiling point, low neutron activity, low toxicity, no corrosion to the insulating coating, and no or little mutual solubility with tritium breeder.
The implementation example is as follows: liquid lithium cladding experiment
Injecting liquid lithium as tritium breeder/coolant into the insert; and injecting an intermediate layer material between the insert and the inner wall of the cladding to wrap the liquid lithium and isolate the liquid lithium from the inner wall of the insert. After the used liquid lithium and the liquid interlayer material flow out of the cladding, the cladding is purified and continuously recycled or recovered.
The expected effects of the invention are: the liquid intermediate layer material flows in the gap of the double-layer sleeve, and is injected into the insert through the insert sieve holes to completely cover the inner surface of the flow passage insert as if the liquid intermediate layer material is secreted, and the liquid lithium-based proliferation agent and the coolant are surrounded by the liquid intermediate layer to form an isolation barrier, so that the liquid lithium-based proliferation agent and the coolant are not in contact with the insulating coating. In the process, the liquid interlayer fluid in the gap of the double-layer sleeve replenishes the interlayer in the insert all the time so as to ensure the complete isolation of the lithium-based proliferation agent, the coolant and the insulating coating in the whole process.
The runner adopts a double-layer sleeve design, the outer layer is a liquid cladding pipe wall, and the inner layer is a runner plug-in. The flow channel insert is a sieve-like conduit with an injection opening for the liquid intermediate layer material. The design requirements of the sieve pore structure are as follows: the pore size and the density of the pores are matched with the injection amount of the liquid intermediate layer, so that the injection amount of the liquid intermediate layer material can be enough to completely cover the inner surface of the runner insert. The flow channel insert is manufactured using 3D printing and is coated with an insulating coating on the surface using CVD/PVD (chemical vapor deposition/physical vapor deposition).
After the used liquid flows out of the cladding, the cladding is cooled in a cooling tank, the cooling temperature is between the melting points of the lithium-based proliferation agent and the intermediate layer material, and the solidified intermediate layer material is recovered; the liquid lithium-based proliferation agent is continuously subjected to a cold trap method (low-temperature condensation concentration method) and a hot trap method (high-temperature condensation concentration method) to remove impurities; the purified lithium-based proliferation agent is recovered or put into the cladding again for a new cycle.
Claims (7)
1. A fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on bionic design which is characterized in that: the liquid lithium-based proliferation agent comprises a liquid lithium-based proliferation agent (1), a liquid intermediate layer (2) is arranged outside the liquid lithium-based proliferation agent (1), and a liquid cladding pipe wall (3) is coated outside the liquid intermediate layer (2).
2. The fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on bionic design of claim 1, wherein: and a flow channel insert (4) is arranged in the middle of the liquid middle layer (2).
3. The fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on bionic design of claim 1, wherein: the liquid intermediate layer (2) adopts a double-layer sleeve structure.
4. The fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on bionic design of claim 3, wherein: the outer layer of the liquid middle layer (2) is a liquid cladding pipe wall (3), and the inner layer is a runner insert (4).
5. The fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on bionic design of claim 4, wherein: the flow channel insert (4) is a screen-shaped pipeline with an injection hole for the liquid interlayer material.
6. The fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on bionic design of claim 5, wherein: the flow channel plug-in components (4) adopt 3D printing to manufacture layers.
7. The fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on bionic design of claim 1, wherein: the liquid intermediate layer (2) selects liquid metal/alloy/molten salt as an intermediate layer material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911231940.0A CN112927821A (en) | 2019-12-05 | 2019-12-05 | Fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on bionic design |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911231940.0A CN112927821A (en) | 2019-12-05 | 2019-12-05 | Fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on bionic design |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112927821A true CN112927821A (en) | 2021-06-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911231940.0A Pending CN112927821A (en) | 2019-12-05 | 2019-12-05 | Fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on bionic design |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN112927821A (en) |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0882688A (en) * | 1994-09-14 | 1996-03-26 | Toshiba Corp | Breeding blanket of fusion reactor |
| CN102336038A (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2012-02-01 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Composite structural material and process for manufacturing pipeline component using same |
| CN102610284A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-07-25 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Hybrid reactor cladding for realizing long-term energy amplification by using fast-thermal coupling mixed energy spectrum |
| CN103500588A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-08 | 罗天勇 | Tritium breeding blanket system based on lithium deuteroxide heavy water solution |
| CN203644401U (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-06-11 | 罗天勇 | Alkali-corrosion-resistant tritium breeding cladding layer composite materials |
| CN105405471A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-03-16 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Low-electric conductivity liquid-state tritium proliferation agent for fusion and preparation method thereof |
| CN108242270A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-07-03 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | A kind of structure for reducing liquid blanket MHD pressure drops |
| CN110148478A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-08-20 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of fusion reactor solid-state water cooling covering production tritium multiplication agent-neutron multiplication agent |
| CN110184497A (en) * | 2019-06-09 | 2019-08-30 | 深圳市启晟新材科技有限公司 | Noise reduction liquid metal material and its processing technology under a kind of nuclear reactor environment |
| CN211980217U (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-11-20 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on bionic design |
-
2019
- 2019-12-05 CN CN201911231940.0A patent/CN112927821A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0882688A (en) * | 1994-09-14 | 1996-03-26 | Toshiba Corp | Breeding blanket of fusion reactor |
| CN102336038A (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2012-02-01 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Composite structural material and process for manufacturing pipeline component using same |
| CN102610284A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-07-25 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Hybrid reactor cladding for realizing long-term energy amplification by using fast-thermal coupling mixed energy spectrum |
| CN103500588A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-08 | 罗天勇 | Tritium breeding blanket system based on lithium deuteroxide heavy water solution |
| CN203644401U (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-06-11 | 罗天勇 | Alkali-corrosion-resistant tritium breeding cladding layer composite materials |
| CN105405471A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-03-16 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Low-electric conductivity liquid-state tritium proliferation agent for fusion and preparation method thereof |
| CN108242270A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-07-03 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | A kind of structure for reducing liquid blanket MHD pressure drops |
| CN110184497A (en) * | 2019-06-09 | 2019-08-30 | 深圳市启晟新材科技有限公司 | Noise reduction liquid metal material and its processing technology under a kind of nuclear reactor environment |
| CN110148478A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-08-20 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of fusion reactor solid-state water cooling covering production tritium multiplication agent-neutron multiplication agent |
| CN211980217U (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-11-20 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Fusion reactor liquid metal cladding based on bionic design |
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