CN112927212B - OCT cardiovascular plaque automatic identification and analysis method based on deep learning - Google Patents
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- 238000013135 deep learning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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Abstract
The invention provides an OCT cardiovascular plaque automatic identification and analysis method based on deep learning, which comprises the following steps: deep section treatment: dividing the depth section of the OCT image to obtain a division result A1; cross section treatment: dividing the cross section of the OCT image to obtain a division result A2; and (3) sectional comprehensive treatment: integrating the deep section processing result A1 and the cross section processing result A2 and performing segmentation processing to obtain a segmentation result A; analysis of results: and calculating plaque attenuation index IPA according to the segmentation result A to obtain plaque category. The invention has reasonable design, integrates different image classification characteristics and OCT clinical characteristics, and can effectively solve the problem of weak plaque identification capability in the prior art by carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction and segmentation on the 3D OCT image and obtaining the quantization index IPA and finally classifying the plaque based on the IPA.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of image analysis, in particular to an OCT cardiovascular plaque automatic identification and analysis method based on deep learning.
Background
Cardiovascular diseases have developed as the first killer of resident disease death in China, causing immeasurable harm to national health and national economic development. Unstable lipid plaques are a major cause of the first-death cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease.
Intravascular optical coherence tomography (IV-OCT) technology is rapidly developing into an effective means for diagnosing coronary heart disease due to its ultra-high imaging resolution (10-20 μm). IV-OCT images can clearly visualize different types of atherosclerotic plaques, known as "living tissue microscopy".
In segmenting plaques, N.Gessert et al pre-trains all models on ImageNet, then trains images using ResNet50-V2 and DenseNet121 models and polar and Cartesian coordinate systems to achieve segmentation and classification of several plaques for coronary OCT images, and attempts several different migration learning modes, finally comparing the serial results of several methods. Zhang et al propose a hybrid model of a faster-CNN network model with a fourth-order partial differential equation and a global local active contour model, first using the faster-CNN network model to detect calcified plaque areas, locating calcified plaque locations, setting a bounding box for a feature region, and setting the bounding box as an initial contour of the active contour model, and then minimizing the joint energy function of the fourth-order partial differential equation and the global local active contour model portion by a gradient descent and finite difference scheme, thereby segmenting calcified plaque in the coronary OCT image. He et al used OTSU automatic thresholding algorithm to segment tissue regions in the image, then input them as input sources into a CNN-based classifier, and divide focal tissue in the coronary OCT image into 5 different tissue categories, completing plaque characterization of the coronary OCT image. The problem of segmentation of coronary artery plaque is solved by using deep learning, a large data set is needed, or the data volume is increased through a large amount of data expansion, and the calculation amount and the requirement on hardware brought by a deep convolutional neural network are all difficulties of the deep learning in application to the segmentation of coronary artery OCT image plaque.
These methods are mainly classified into methods focusing on using deep learning, such as AlexNet, googleNet, VGG-Net, faster-CNN, denseNet, resNet, etc., in which plaque is segmented at each deep section, and then deep features are extracted from the segmented regions and then classified. These methods have achieved better results on image classification, such as ImageNet. They are mainly used for classifying and identifying different kinds of animals, plants, tools and other common articles of life. However, for OCT 3D images, the images produced by optical instrument interferometry, where plaque is typically small and 3D images, the ability to identify different plaques is typically weak, and there is a certain disadvantage.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an OCT cardiovascular plaque automatic identification and analysis method based on deep learning, which is used for carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction and segmentation on a 3D OCT image to obtain a quantization index IPA and finally classifying the plaque based on the IPA.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an OCT cardiovascular plaque automatic identification and analysis method based on deep learning comprises the following steps:
s100, deep section processing: dividing the depth section of the OCT image to obtain a division result A1;
s200, cross section processing: dividing the cross section of the OCT image to obtain a division result A2;
s300, section comprehensive treatment: integrating the deep section processing result A1 and the cross section processing result A2 and performing segmentation processing to obtain a segmentation result A;
s400, analyzing results: and calculating plaque attenuation index IPA according to the segmentation result A to obtain plaque category.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S100, the deep section processing specific steps include:
s101, inputting a 2D Image { Image (i, j, k) of a depth section; k=1, 2,3, …, M } = { Image (i, j, 1), image (i, j, 2), image (i, j, 3), …, image (i, j, M) }, wherein Image (i, j, k) represents coordinates of each point in the 2D Image;
s102, outputting the segmented 2D image, wherein the size of the segmented 2D image is consistent with that of the input image, the pixels of the useful area are 1, the pixels of the useless area are 0, and after obtaining the 2D images of all the depth sections, the 3D image A1 is obtained through combination.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific processing method in step S102 is as follows: and carrying out convolution operation on each 2D image of the depth section, and combining to obtain a 3D image A1.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S200, the cross-section processing specific steps include:
s201, inputting a 2D Image { Image (i, j, k) of a cross section; i=1, 2,3, …, N } = { Image (1, j, k), image (2, j, k), image (3, j, k), …, image (N, j, k) }, wherein Image (i, j, k) represents coordinates of each point in the 2D Image;
s202, outputting the segmented 2D image, wherein the size of the segmented 2D image is consistent with that of the input image, the pixels of the useful area are 1, the pixels of the useless area are 0, and after the 2D images of all cross sections are obtained, the 3D image A2 is obtained through combination.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the respective 2D images of the cross-section are convolved to obtain the 3D image A2 in combination.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S300, the cross-section integration processing includes the specific steps of:
s301, inputting all depth section segmentation results A1 and cross section segmentation results A2;
s302, comprehensive depth interface divisionThe segmentation result A1 and the cross-section segmentation result A2 calculate a segmentation result A, wherein。
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S400, the specific steps of the result analysis include:
s401, calculating and inputting a segmentation result A according to a calculation formula of the segmentation result A;
s402, outputting plaque categories;
s403, calculating a value of plaque attenuation coefficient IPA:
,
where x is the plaque attenuation coefficient threshold, μ t For the attenuation coefficient, N (μ) t X) means the number of pixel points with attenuation coefficient larger than x, N total The effective area of the segmentation result a is shown.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention has reasonable design, integrates different image classification characteristics and OCT clinical characteristics, and can effectively solve the problem of weak plaque identification capability in the prior art by carrying out three-dimensional reconstruction and segmentation on the 3D OCT image and obtaining the quantization index IPA and finally classifying the plaque based on the IPA.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an OCT cardiovascular plaque automatic identification and analysis method based on deep learning;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the calculation process of the segmentation result A1 of the OCT cardiovascular plaque automatic recognition and analysis method based on deep learning;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the calculation process of the segmentation result A2 of the OCT cardiovascular plaque automatic recognition and analysis method based on deep learning;
FIG. 4 is a deep cross-sectional view of an OCT image of an OCT cardiovascular plaque automatic identification and analysis method based on deep learning according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an OCT image of a method for automatically identifying and analyzing cardiovascular plaques based on deep learning according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used in this disclosure and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of an OCT cardiovascular plaque automatic identification and analysis method based on deep learning according to the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, the plaque automatic identification and analysis method includes the following steps:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, step S100 is described in detail:
s100, deep section processing: and (3) performing segmentation processing on the depth section of the OCT image to obtain a segmentation result A1. The processing method of the segmentation result A1 comprises the following steps:
i. inputting a 2D Image { Image (i, j, k) of a depth section; k=1, 2,3, …, M } = { Image (i, j, 1), image (i, j, 2), image (i, j, 3), …, image (i, j, M) }, wherein Image (i, j, k) represents coordinates of each point in the 2D Image;
outputting the segmented 2D image, wherein the size of the segmented 2D image is consistent with that of the input image, the pixels of the useful area are 1, the pixels of the useless area are 0, and the 3D image A1 is obtained by combining the 2D images of all the depth sections. And performing convolution operation on each 2D image of the depth section, and combining to obtain a 3D image A1.
The specific treatment method is as follows:
Block1:
convolving a 2D Image (i, j, k) of a kth depth section, wherein k=1, 2,3, …, M, with a filter_k1 of 3*3 to obtain a result_k1, convolving a filter_k2 of 3*5 to obtain a result_k2, convolving a filter_k3 of 5*3 to obtain a result_k3, convolving a filter_k4 of 5*5 to obtain a result_k4, a1×result_k1+a2×result_k2+a3×result_k3+a4×result_k4=result_k1.
Block_k_2, block_k_3, block_k_4: the structure is the same as block_k_1.
Result k B1 passes through blockk2=result k B2,
result k B2 passes through blockk3=result k B3,
result k B3 passes through blockk4=result k B4,
c1*Result_k_B1+c2*Result_k_B2+c3*Result_k_B3+c4*Result_k_B4=A1。
referring to fig. 1 and 3, step S200 is described in detail:
s200, cross section processing: and performing segmentation processing on the cross section of the OCT image to obtain a segmentation result A2. The processing method of the segmentation result A2 comprises the following steps:
i. inputting a 2D Image { Image (i, j, k) of the cross section; i=1, 2,3, …, N } = { Image (1, j, k), image (2, j, k), image (3, j, k), …, image (N, j, k) }, wherein Image (i, j, k) represents coordinates of each point in the 2D Image;
outputting the segmented 2D image, wherein the size of the segmented 2D image is consistent with that of the input image, the pixels of the useful area are 1, the pixels of the useless area are 0, and after the 2D images of all cross sections are obtained, the 3D image A2 is obtained through combination. Wherein, convolution operation is carried out on each 2D image of the cross section, and the 3D images A2 are obtained in a combined way.
The specific method is as follows:
Block1:
convolving the i-th cross-section 2D Image { Image (i, j, k), i=1, 2,3, …, N }, performing a convolution operation on the filter_i1 of 3*3 to obtain result_i1, performing a convolution operation on the filter_i2 of 3*5 to obtain result_i2, performing a convolution operation on the filter_i3 of 5*3 to obtain result_i3, performing a convolution operation on the filter_i4 of 5*5 to obtain result_i4, b1×result_i1+b2×result_i2+b3×result_i3+b4×result_i4=result_i_b1.
Block2, block3, block4: the structure is the same as Block 1.
Result i B1 passes through block2=result i B2,
result i B2 passes through block3=result i B3,
result i B3 passes through block4=result i B4,
d1*Result_i_B1+d2*Result_i_B2+d3*Result_i_B3+d4*Result_i_B4=A2。
referring to fig. 1, step S300 is described in detail:
s300, section comprehensive treatment: and integrating the depth section processing result A1 and the cross section processing result A2, and performing segmentation processing to obtain a segmentation result A. The processing method of the segmentation result A comprises the following steps:
i. inputting all the depth section segmentation results A1 and the cross section segmentation results A2;
ii, integrating the depth interface segmentation result A1 and the cross section segmentation result A2 to calculate a segmentation result A, wherein。
The specific algorithm is as follows:
A=zeros(width=A1.width,height=A1.height,length=A1.length)
forifrom0toA1.width
forjfrom0toA1.height
forkfrom0toA1.length
ifA1(i,j,k)belongstoA2:
A(i,j,k)=A1(i,j,k)。
referring to fig. 1, step S400 is described in detail:
s400, analyzing results: and calculating plaque attenuation index IPA according to the segmentation result A to obtain plaque category. The specific method for analyzing the result is as follows:
i. calculating and inputting a segmentation result A according to a calculation formula of the segmentation result A;
outputting plaque categories;
calculating the value of plaque attenuation coefficient IPA:
,
where x is the plaque attenuation coefficient threshold, μ t For the attenuation coefficient, N (μ) t X) means the number of pixel points with attenuation coefficient larger than x, N total The effective area of the segmentation result a is shown. IPA represents plaque attenuation index (index) to quantify the degree of plaque attenuation in blood vessels. The calculation method is that when the pixel fraction of different types of plaques in the attenuation map is larger than the attenuation coefficient threshold value x, the pixel fraction is multiplied by 1000. The present study represents fibrous plaque with calculated value IPA6, IPA11 indicating lipid plaque. Among them, the larger the IPA, the worse the plaque stability.
The invention considers the characteristics of common image classification, combines the clinical characteristics of OCT, and simultaneously analyzes two sections of OCT images: deep section and cross section. Fig. 4 and 5 are 2D images of the depth cross section and the cross section of OCT, respectively. On the depth section: each 2D cross-section of the OCT image presents a circular or quasi-circular interference aperture; on the cross section, the OCT image can be viewed from the cross section after three-dimensional reconstruction, and each cross section is a 2D image and is specifically characterized in that a certain area in the middle is provided with a transverse bent interval stripe. The problem of weak plaque identification capability in the prior art can be effectively solved by performing three-dimensional reconstruction and segmentation on the 3D OCT image and obtaining a quantization index IPA and finally classifying the plaque based on the IPA.
While the invention has been described with respect to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and additions may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Equivalent embodiments of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings disclosed herein, when considered in the light of the foregoing disclosure, and without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; meanwhile, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolution of the above embodiments according to the essential technology of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The OCT cardiovascular plaque automatic identification and analysis method based on deep learning is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s100, deep section processing: dividing the depth section of the OCT image, and carrying out four convolution operations on the 2D image of the depth section to obtain a division result A1;
s200, cross section processing: dividing the cross section of the OCT image, and performing convolution operation on the 2D image of the cross section for four times to obtain a division result A2;
s300, section comprehensive treatment: integrating the deep section processing result A1 and the cross section processing result A2 and performing segmentation processing to obtain a segmentation result A;
in step S300, the section integrated processing specifically includes:
s301, inputting all depth section segmentation results A1 and cross section segmentation results A2;
s302, calculating a segmentation result A by integrating the depth interface segmentation result A1 and the cross section segmentation result A2, wherein;
S400, analyzing results: calculating plaque attenuation index IPA according to the segmentation result A to obtain plaque category;
in step S400, the specific steps of the result analysis include:
s401, calculating and inputting a segmentation result A according to a calculation formula of the segmentation result A;
s402, outputting plaque categories;
s403, calculating a value of plaque attenuation coefficient IPA:
,
where x is the plaque attenuation coefficient threshold, μ t For the attenuation coefficient, N (μ) t X) means the number of pixel points with attenuation coefficient larger than x, N total The effective area of the segmentation result a is shown.
2. The method for automatically identifying and analyzing cardiovascular plaques based on deep learning OCT according to claim 1, wherein in step S100, the deep cross-section processing comprises the specific steps of:
s101, inputting a 2D Image { Image (i, j, k) of a depth section; k=1, 2,3, …, M } = { Image (i, j, 1), image (i, j, 2), image (i, j, 3), …, image (i, j, M) }, wherein Image (i, j, k) represents coordinates of each point in the 2D Image;
s102, outputting the segmented 2D image, wherein the size of the segmented 2D image is consistent with that of the input image, the pixels of the useful area are 1, the pixels of the useless area are 0, and after obtaining the 2D images of all the depth sections, the 3D image A1 is obtained through combination.
3. The method for automatically identifying and analyzing OCT cardiovascular plaque based on deep learning according to claim 2, wherein the specific processing method in step S102 is as follows: and carrying out convolution operation on each 2D image of the depth section, and combining to obtain a 3D image A1.
4. The method for automatic recognition and analysis of deep learning based OCT cardiovascular plaque of claim 1, wherein in step S200, the cross-section processing comprises the specific steps of:
s201, inputting a 2D Image { Image (i, j, k) of a cross section; i=1, 2,3, …, N } = { Image (1, j, k), image (2, j, k), image (3, j, k), …, image (N, j, k) }, wherein Image (i, j, k) represents coordinates of each point in the 2D Image;
s202, outputting the segmented 2D image, wherein the size of the segmented 2D image is consistent with that of the input image, the pixels of the useful area are 1, the pixels of the useless area are 0, and after the 2D images of all cross sections are obtained, the 3D image A2 is obtained through combination.
5. The automatic recognition and analysis method of cardiovascular plaques based on deep learning of claim 1, wherein the respective 2D images of the cross-sections are convolved to obtain a 3D image A2 in combination.
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