CN112926876A - Quantitative evaluation method for natural gas pipeline leakage injection fire thermal radiation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a quantitative evaluation method for natural gas pipeline leakage spray fire thermal radiation, which is used for solving the technical problems of complex calculation and low precision in chemical quantitative analysis. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, determining a gas flowing state when a gas pipeline leaks, and calculating a gas leakage mass flow rate according to the gas flowing state; secondly, constructing a thermal radiation flux model based on the gas leakage mass flow rate; and finally, based on the maximum risk principle, performing iterative calculation on the thermal radiation flux model by using excel software to obtain distance radiuses corresponding to different thermal radiation, and further obtaining the corresponding relation between the distance radiuses and hazards caused by the thermal radiation. The invention simplifies the complexity of calculation steps, improves the calculation precision, can provide basis for dividing the influence ranges of different damage degrees of the leakage and injection fire heat radiation of the gas pipeline, and provides technical support for emergency rescue of full-pipe-diameter rupture accidents of the gas pipeline.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of safety evaluation, in particular to a quantitative evaluation method for the leakage of a natural gas pipeline by injecting fire heat radiation.
Background
In the process of conveying the natural gas pipeline, the pipeline may be broken due to damage, corrosion, human factors, construction quality problems and the like of a third party, so that the pipeline is leaked, and serious consequences are caused. The hazards created by natural gas pipeline leaks are primarily acute hazards. In quantitative analysis, the sharp hazard of natural gas is defined as the direct and sudden impact of the leakage on the environment, such as: diffusion, fire, explosion, etc. Once a natural gas pipeline is leaked, the life and property safety of human beings can be endangered immediately by fire burning or explosion, and meanwhile, the environment is directly influenced.
In view of the practical significance of quantitative calculation in safety evaluation, the original national safety production supervision and management bureau of 10.1.2013 published AQ/T3046 and 2013 'chemical enterprise quantitative risk evaluation guide' which stipulates various evaluation flows of chemical enterprise accident models and summarizes quantitative calculation formulas of common accident models. However, the quantitative calculation formula in AQ/T3046 and 2013 is rarely applied in safety evaluation because of the complex formula and complicated calculation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the background technology, the invention provides a quantitative evaluation method for the leakage jet fire heat radiation of a natural gas pipeline, and solves the technical problems of complex calculation and lower precision in chemical quantitative analysis.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for quantitatively evaluating the heat radiation of a jet fire aiming at the leakage of a natural gas pipeline comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a gas flowing state when the gas pipeline leaks, and calculating a gas leakage mass flow rate according to the gas flowing state;
step two: constructing a thermal radiation flux model based on the gas leakage mass flow rate;
step three: based on the maximum risk principle, iterative calculation is carried out on the thermal radiation flux model by using excel software to obtain distance radiuses corresponding to different thermal radiation, and then the corresponding relation between the distance radiuses and hazards caused by the thermal radiation is obtained.
Preferably, the gas flow regime is sonic or subsonic;
the formula when the gas flow state belongs to sonic flow is as follows:
the formula when the gas flow state belongs to subsonic flow is as follows:
wherein P is the pressure of the medium, P0Is the ambient pressure and r is the gas adiabatic index.
Preferably, when the gas flow state belongs to sonic flow, the calculation formula of the gas leakage mass flow rate is as follows:
when the gas flow state belongs to subsonic flow, the calculation formula of the gas leakage mass flow rate is as follows:
wherein Q is the gas leakage mass flow rate, CdIs the gas leakage coefficient, A is the leakage hole area,p is the pressure of the medium in the container, M is the molecular weight of the leaking gas, Y is the outflow coefficient, RgRepresenting the ideal gas constant and T the medium temperature.
Preferably, the formula for calculating the outflow coefficient Y is:
preferably, the thermal radiation flux model is:
wherein q is the intensity of the thermal radiation received at a distance X, f is the thermal emissivity, HcFor the heat of combustion, τ -1-0.0565 lnX is an atmospheric transfer rate.
Preferably, the method for performing iterative computation on the thermal radiation flux model by using excel software comprises the following steps:
s31, mixing medium pressure P and environment pressure P0Inputting the value of the gas adiabatic index r and a sonic flow formula and a subsonic flow formula corresponding to the gas flow state into an excel document to obtain the category of the gas flow state;
s32, when the gas flowing state belongs to sonic flow, the gas adiabatic index r, the medium pressure P and the gas leakage coefficient C are setdLeakage hole area A, molecular weight M of leakage gas, and ideal gas constant RgInputting a calculation formula of the gas leakage mass flow rate corresponding to the value of the medium temperature T and the sonic flow into an excel document, outputting a gas leakage mass flow rate Q, and turning to the step S34;
s33, when the gas flowing state is subsonic, the gas adiabatic index r, the medium pressure P and the gas leakage coefficient C are setdLeakage hole area A, molecular weight M of leakage gas, and ideal gas constant RgInputting a calculation formula of the value of the medium temperature T and the outflow coefficient Y and a calculation formula of the gas leakage mass flow rate corresponding to the sonic flow into an excel document, and outputting the gas leakageThe leakage mass flow rate Q is transferred to step S34;
s34, determining emissivity f and combustion heat HcInputting the value of (a), a calculation formula of the atmospheric transmission rate and a calculation formula of the thermal radiation flux model into an excel document;
s35, inputting the target value of the thermal radiation intensity q into an excel document, selecting 'data-simulation analysis-univariate solution' to carry out iterative operation, and outputting the value of the distance X.
Preferably, the hazard degree caused by different heat radiation intensities obtained according to the guide rule of quantitative risk evaluation of chemical enterprises is as follows:
preferably, the degree of harm caused by different thermal radiation intensities is converted into the degree of harm caused by different radius ranges from the center of the jet fire by a thermal radiation flux model, wherein the degree of harm is as follows:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, firstly, whether the gas flow belongs to sonic flow or subsonic flow during leakage is judged, then a thermal radiation flux model is constructed according to the gas flow state, and further the distances corresponding to different thermal radiation intensities are calculated, so that the complexity of calculation steps is simplified, the calculation precision is improved, a basis can be provided for dividing the influence ranges of different damage degrees of the leakage injection fire thermal radiation of the gas pipeline, and a technical support is provided for emergency rescue of full-pipe-diameter rupture accidents of the gas pipeline.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for quantitatively evaluating a natural gas pipeline leakage injection fire thermal radiation, which includes the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a gas flowing state when the gas pipeline leaks, and calculating a gas leakage mass flow rate according to the gas flowing state; the speed of gas leakage from the split is related to the flow state, and when calculating the leakage amount, firstly, whether the gas flow belongs to sonic flow or subsonic flow when the gas leakage occurs is judged.
The formula when the gas flow state belongs to sonic flow is as follows:
the formula when the gas flow state belongs to subsonic flow is as follows:
wherein P is a medium pressure (Pa), P0Is the ambient pressure (Pa) and r is the gas adiabatic index.
When the gas flowing state belongs to sonic flow, the calculation formula of the leakage amount is as follows:
when the gas flow state belongs to subsonic flow, the calculation formula of the leakage amount is as follows:
wherein Q is a gas leakage mass flow rate (kg/s), CdFor gas leakage coefficient, C when the shape of the slit is circulard1.00, when the shape of the split is triangular CdTaking 0.95, when the shape of the gap is rectangular CdTaking 0.90; a is the area of the leakage hole (m)2) P is the pressure (Pa) of the medium in the container, M is the molecular weight of the leaking gas (0.016 kg/mol), Y is the efflux coefficient, and R isgRepresenting the ideal gas constant (8.314J/mol K), and T represents the medium temperature.
The calculation formula of the outflow coefficient Y is as follows:
the design pressure of natural gas of the interior yellow new limy safety evaluation company is 200kPa (gauge pressure), the pressure P is taken according to 300000Pa, the environmental pressure is taken according to the standard atmospheric pressure 101325Pa, the natural gas leakage of the interior yellow new limy safety evaluation company meets the conditions of a formula 2 through calculation, belongs to sonic flow, and the formula 4 is adopted for quantitative calculation.
When the diameter of the equipment (facility) is less than 150mm, a hole leakage scene and a complete fracture scene which are less than the diameter of the equipment (facility) are taken. A natural gas pipeline of a joint workshop of the interior yellow new Lei safety evaluation company is a DN40 carbon steel pipe, the diameter of the natural gas pipeline is smaller than 150mm, and a representative leakage scene is selected, namely 5mm small hole leakage, 25mm middle hole leakage and complete pipeline fracture.
Assuming that natural gas leakage is caused by cracking/breaking of a natural gas pipeline used by Inebrio-Neoriley safety evaluation company, and the shape of a leakage hole is circular, the gas leakage coefficient is 1, and the areas of the small hole leakage, the middle hole leakage and the leakage hole after complete breaking are respectively as follows: 0.00002 square meter, 0.00049 square meter, 0.001256 square meter.
According to the parameters, the calculation results of the gas leakage mass flow rate of the three types of pipeline leakage accidents are shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1 calculation table of mass flow rate of leakage gas of pipeline
Step two: constructing a thermal radiation flux model based on the gas leakage mass flow rate;
the pressurized combustible material forms a jet when leaking and, if ignited at the leak, a jet fire. Combining with the actual of an enterprise, selecting horizontal direction spray fire, calculating by using a point source model, wherein a thermal radiation flux model received at a position X (m) away from a flame point source is as follows:
wherein q is the intensity of the thermal radiation received at a distance X (kW/m)2) F is emissivity (0.25), HcAs the heat of combustion (56000000J/kg was used), τ was the atmospheric transport rate.
τ＝1-0.0565lnX (7)
Obtaining the degree of damage caused by different thermal radiation intensities according to the quantitative risk evaluation guide of chemical enterprises, as shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 Damage and loss due to different thermal radiation intensities
Step three: based on the maximum risk principle, iterative calculation is carried out on the thermal radiation flux model by using excel software to obtain distance radiuses corresponding to different thermal radiation, and then the corresponding relation between the distance radiuses and hazards caused by the thermal radiation is obtained.
The method for performing iterative computation on the thermal radiation flux model by using excel software comprises the following steps:
s31, mixing medium pressure P and environment pressure P0Inputting the value of the gas adiabatic index r, a sonic flow formula and a subsonic flow formula of the gas flow state into an excel document to obtain the category of the gas flow state; a logic judgment formula can be added to judge whether the gas flowing state belongs to sonic flow or subsonic flow;
s32, when the gas flowing state belongs to sonic flow, the gas adiabatic index r, the medium pressure P and the gas leakage coefficient C are calculateddLeakage hole area A, molecular weight M of leakage gas, and ideal gas constant RgInputting a calculation formula of the gas leakage mass flow rate corresponding to the value of the medium temperature T and the sonic flow into an excel document, outputting a gas leakage mass flow rate Q, and turning to the step S34;
s33, when the gas flowing state is subsonic, the gas adiabatic index r, the medium pressure P and the gas leakage coefficient C are setdLeakage hole area A, molecular weight M of leakage gas, and ideal gas constant RgInputting a calculation formula of the value of the medium temperature T and the outflow coefficient Y and a calculation formula of the gas leakage mass flow rate corresponding to the sonic flow into an excel document, outputting a gas leakage mass flow rate Q, and turning to the step S34;
s34, determining emissivity f and combustion heat HcInputting the value of (a), a calculation formula of the atmospheric transmission rate and a calculation formula of the thermal radiation flux model into an excel document;
s35, inputting the target value of the thermal radiation intensity q into an excel document, selecting 'data-simulation analysis-univariate solution' to carry out iterative operation, and outputting the value of the distance X.
The excel function is introduced into the calculation of a safety evaluation formula, the formula is input into an excel document, and logic judgment is added to directly obtain a calculation result. When the heat flux is calculated, because multivariable is involved in a heat radiation flux formula, iterative calculation is needed, and excel software is adopted for iteration, so that the method is not limited by the iteration times, the calculation result can be directly output, and the calculation time is greatly shortened.
According to the maximum risk principle, the gas leakage mass flow rate Q corresponding to the complete fracture model is taken to be 0.653kg/s, then the thermal radiation intensity is taken from the table 2, and the distances corresponding to different thermal radiation fluxes can be calculated by an iterative method.
When q is 37.5kW/m2When, X1＝4.22m；
When q is 25kW/m2When, X2＝5.14m；
When q is 12.5kW/m2When, X3＝7.19m；
When q is 6.3kW/m2When, X4＝10.02m；
When q is 4.7kW/m2When, X5＝11.55m；
When q is 1.58kW/m2When, X6＝19.57m；
Based on the above calculations, the losses or injuries and deaths caused in different radius ranges from the center of the jet fire are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 loss or casualty in the range of different radii
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. A method for quantitatively evaluating the radiation of a jet fire for the leakage of a natural gas pipeline is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a gas flowing state when the gas pipeline leaks, and calculating a gas leakage mass flow rate according to the gas flowing state;
step two: constructing a thermal radiation flux model based on the gas leakage mass flow rate;
step three: based on the maximum risk principle, iterative calculation is carried out on the thermal radiation flux model by using excel software to obtain distance radiuses corresponding to different thermal radiation, and then the corresponding relation between the distance radiuses and hazards caused by the thermal radiation is obtained.
2. The quantitative evaluation method for the injection fire thermal radiation aiming at the leakage of the natural gas pipeline according to the claim 1, characterized in that the gas flowing state belongs to sonic flow or subsonic flow;
the formula when the gas flow state belongs to sonic flow is as follows:
the formula when the gas flow state belongs to subsonic flow is as follows:
wherein P is the pressure of the medium, P0Is the ambient pressure and r is the gas adiabatic index.
3. The quantitative evaluation method for the injection fire heat radiation of the natural gas pipeline leakage according to the claim 2, characterized in that when the gas flowing state belongs to the sonic flowing, the calculation formula of the gas leakage mass flow rate is as follows:
when the gas flow state belongs to subsonic flow, the calculation formula of the gas leakage mass flow rate is as follows:
wherein Q is the gas leakage mass flow rate, CdIs the gas leakage coefficient, A is the leakage hole area, P is the pressure of the medium in the container, M is the molecular weight of the leaking gas, Y is the outflow coefficient, RgRepresenting the ideal gas constant and T the medium temperature.
4. The quantitative evaluation method for the natural gas pipeline leakage injection fire heat radiation according to claim 3, wherein the calculation formula of the outflow coefficient Y is as follows:
5. the quantitative evaluation method for the thermal radiation of the natural gas pipeline leakage jet fire according to claim 3, wherein the thermal radiation flux model is as follows:
wherein q is the intensity of the thermal radiation received at a distance X, f is the thermal emissivity, HcFor the heat of combustion, τ -1-0.0565 lnX is an atmospheric transfer rate.
6. The quantitative evaluation method for the thermal radiation of the natural gas pipeline leakage jet fire according to claim 5, wherein the method for performing iterative calculation on the thermal radiation flux model by using excel software comprises the following steps:
s31, mixing medium pressure P and environment pressure P0The value of the gas adiabatic exponent r and the sonic flow formula corresponding to the gas flow state andinputting a subsonic flow formula into an excel document to obtain the category of a gas flow state;
s32, when the gas flowing state belongs to sonic flow, the gas adiabatic index r, the medium pressure P and the gas leakage coefficient C are setdLeakage hole area A, molecular weight M of leakage gas, and ideal gas constant RgInputting a calculation formula of the gas leakage mass flow rate corresponding to the value of the medium temperature T and the sonic flow into an excel document, outputting a gas leakage mass flow rate Q, and turning to the step S34;
s33, when the gas flowing state is subsonic, the gas adiabatic index r, the medium pressure P and the gas leakage coefficient C are setdLeakage hole area A, molecular weight M of leakage gas, and ideal gas constant RgInputting a calculation formula of the value of the medium temperature T and the outflow coefficient Y and a calculation formula of the gas leakage mass flow rate corresponding to the sonic flow into an excel document, outputting a gas leakage mass flow rate Q, and turning to the step S34;
s34, determining emissivity f and combustion heat HcInputting the value of (a), a calculation formula of the atmospheric transmission rate and a calculation formula of the thermal radiation flux model into an excel document;
s35, inputting the target value of the thermal radiation intensity q into an excel document, selecting 'data-simulation analysis-univariate solution' to carry out iterative operation, and outputting the value of the distance X.
7. The quantitative evaluation method for the thermal radiation of the natural gas pipeline leakage jet fire according to claim 1, wherein the obtained hazard degrees caused by different thermal radiation intensities according to the quantitative risk evaluation guide of chemical enterprises are as follows:
8. the quantitative evaluation method for the thermal radiation of the natural gas pipeline leakage jet fire according to claim 7, characterized in that the degree of damage caused by different thermal radiation intensities converted by the thermal radiation flux model to the degree of damage caused by different radius ranges from the center of the jet fire is as follows:
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