CN112924982B - Distributed distance-related positioning method based on quantum entanglement light-related characteristics - Google Patents
Distributed distance-related positioning method based on quantum entanglement light-related characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WYOHGPUPVHHUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium;oxygen(2-);titanium(4+);phosphate Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[Ti+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WYOHGPUPVHHUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005314 correlation function Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005610 quantum mechanics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005436 troposphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/46—Indirect determination of position data
- G01S17/48—Active triangulation systems, i.e. using the transmission and reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention provides a distributed trilateral positioning method based on quantum entanglement light correlation characteristics. Firstly, generating polarized light by continuous pump light through a reflector and a polaroid, and irradiating the polarized light to a periodically polarized potassium titanyl phosphate (Periodically Poled KTP, PPKTP) crystal to generate idle light and signal light with entanglement characteristics; then, the idle light is detected by a local single photon detector, and the signal light is sent to the target to be detected and reflected back to the local and detected by another single photon detector; secondly, recording the arrival time information of the light path by using a high-speed acquisition circuit, and generating a time tag sequence; thirdly, obtaining a second-order entangled light correlation characteristic curve through coincidence counting, and finding out delay corresponding to a peak value of the second-order entangled light correlation characteristic curve, so that the distance from the local access point to the target to be detected is calculated; and finally, deploying 3 local access points with known positions, and calculating the position of the target to be positioned by utilizing a trilateral positioning principle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum precision measurement, in particular to a method for improving the positioning precision of a distributed distance-related positioning method by utilizing quantum entanglement light correlation characteristics.
Background
With the arrival of the Internet of things, position services such as path inquiry, logistics monitoring, navigation positioning and the like are penetrated into aspects of people in production and life. The common positioning system comprises a global positioning system, a cellular base station positioning system, an inertial navigation positioning system and a Beidou satellite positioning system, is widely applied to traffic navigation, satellite timing application, emergency command, civil water situation forecasting service and the like, and plays a vital role.
Because most of the positioning systems are classical physics based on Newton mechanics, maxwell's equations, shannon's information theory and the like, the positioning accuracy is limited by classical shot noise, is generally maintained at the meter level, and is difficult to further improve. In addition, most of the positioning systems rely on wireless signals and are extremely easy to be interfered by an ionosphere and a troposphere, so that nonlinear propagation of signals is caused, and the interference resistance of the system is poor. Therefore, the method based on quantum mechanics has considerable research prospect in positioning application because of the characteristics of high positioning precision and high safety.
At present, the trilateral positioning method based on wireless signals is difficult to keep accurate time synchronization between a moving target and a signal access point because the signals are easily affected by multipath effects, and is greatly limited in complex practical application. In addition, the signal propagation speed is high, and even a very small time error can cause huge positioning error, so that the positioning performance is drastically reduced. The need for high precision clock synchronization techniques is therefore more stringent, while quantum positioning methods rely on coincidence with the counter-measured time differences, which have proven to provide higher clock synchronization accuracy than classical methods.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a distributed distance-related positioning method based on quantum entanglement light-related characteristics. Compared with the traditional distance-related positioning method based on the wireless signals, the scheme based on the quantum entanglement state does not depend on the wireless signals such as electromagnetic waves, and the positioning accuracy is improved by utilizing the second-order correlation characteristic of entangled photons, so that the nano-scale can be achieved theoretically.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a distributed distance-related positioning method based on quantum entanglement light correlation characteristics specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, generating high-quality pump light by using a semiconductor laser with the wavelength of 405nm, forming a telescope system by using lenses with the focal lengths of 300mm and 75mm respectively, and performing optical field compression on the pump light to obtain pure pump light;
step two, pure pumping light irradiates periodically polarized potassium titanyl phosphate (Periodically Poled KTP, PPKTP) crystals to generate a spontaneous parameter down-conversion process, and a light beam is subjected to parameter down-conversion with a certain probability to obtain entangled light;
step three, the obtained entangled light passes through a high-pass total reflection mirror with the reflection wavelength of 405nm, the redundant unconverted pump light is reflected, and interference light in the environment is filtered by an interference filter plate, so that high-quality entangled light is obtained;
step four, utilizing a polarization beam splitter to separate entangled light with the wavelength of 810nm to obtain idle light and reference light;
step five, respectively passing idle light and signal light through a photon coupler, directly detecting the idle light by a local single photon detector 1, transmitting the signal light to a target to be detected at a distance L, and reflecting the signal light back to be detected by a single photon detector 2;
step six, in the acquisition time T, recording the time information of signal arrival by a high-speed acquisition circuit and setting different channel marker bits CH1 and CH2, wherein the time information of arrival of idle light and signal light are respectively in a time tag sequence T 1 ＝{t 11 ,…,t 1i ,…,t 1n Sum T 2 ＝{t 21 ,…,t 2i ,…,t 2n Form of } is stored locally, where t ji (j=1, 2; i=1, …, n) represents the i-th time tag value of the j-th channel;
step seven, time sequence label T 1 And T 2 And (3) performing coincidence counting on the tag value, and setting different delays tau to obtain a coincidence counting value n (tau). According to the coincidence measurement correlation principle, when the coincidence gate width delta is far smaller than the coherence time tau of the optical field c I.e. satisfying delta < tau c When the value n (tau) is matched with the ideal second-order correlation function g (2) (τ) satisfies the following relationship:
wherein T is the total sampling time, delta is the coincidence gate width, R 1 And R is 2 Photon count rates, gamma, for single photon detectors 1 and 2, respectively 1 And gamma 2 The sum of the dark count rate and the ambient noise induced count rate of the single photon detectors 1 and 2, respectively. G is obtainable from the above (2) The expression of (τ) is:
when R is i ＞＞γ i When (i=1, 2), the relation between the normalized second-order correlation function and the coincidence count value can be simplified to obtain:
step eight, fitting the obtained discrete points (tau, g) based on a least squares fitting algorithm (2) (τ)) is fitted to the curve, and the abscissa delay corresponding to the curve peak is the time domain measurement result, that is, the difference between the transmission time of the signal light and the idle light. At this time, the distance L from the local access point to the target can be expressed as:
wherein c is the speed of light;
step nine, according to the trilateral positioning principle, by deploying 3 entangled optical transceivers (namely local access points) with known position coordinates, the distance L from the 3 local access points to the target can be obtained according to the method 1 、L 2 And L 3 And calculating the position of the target to be positioned by utilizing the trilateral positioning principle.
The seventh step comprises the following steps:
step seven (one), pair T 1 Adding a delay tau to each tag value in (1) to obtain T 1 '；
Step seven (two), selecting T 2 Taking each tag value as a reference, taking each time tag as the midpoint of a time interval, wherein the length of the time interval is consistent with the width delta;
step seven (three), searching T in each time interval 1 If the time label in' is in the interval, the coincidence count is increased by 1;
step seven (four), search for completion of T 1 ' all ofAnd after time labeling, obtaining the coincidence count value n (tau) after the delay tau.
The step nine comprises the following steps:
step nine (one), assume that the physical coordinates of the 3 local access points are (x) 1 ,y 1 )、(x 2 ,y 2 ) And (x) 3 ,y 3 ) The distances from the 3 local access points to the target are L respectively 1 、L 2 And L 3 The set of construction equations is as follows:
expanding the formula (5) and simplifying to obtain:
step nine (two) of settingAnd->Then there are:
i.e., y=ax, wherein,and->
Step nine (three), utilizing least square relationCan obtain the coordinates (x) 0 ,y 0 )。
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a quantum entangled light ranging light path of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram of the operation of the high-speed acquisition circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a coincidence counting algorithm of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a timing diagram of the operation of the high-speed acquisition circuit according to the counting algorithm of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the trilateral positioning according to the present invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
step one, generating high-quality pump light by using a semiconductor laser with the wavelength of 405nm, and performing optical field compression on the pump light by using a telescope system consisting of lenses with the focal lengths of 300mm and 75mm respectively to obtain pure pump light;
step two, radiating pure pumping light to the PPKTP crystal to generate a spontaneous parameter down-conversion process, and performing parameter down-conversion on the light beam with a certain probability to obtain entangled light;
step three, the obtained entangled light passes through a high-pass total reflection mirror with the reflection wavelength of 405nm, the redundant unconverted pump light is reflected, and interference light in the environment is filtered by an interference filter plate, so that high-quality entangled light is obtained;
step four, utilizing a polarization beam splitter to separate entangled light with the wavelength of 810nm to obtain signal light and idle light with equal light intensity I, and meeting the following conditions:
wherein, symbol "≡" represents positive correlation, d is crystal length, c is light velocity, Δk is phase mismatch amount, satisfying:
where Λ is the polarization period, k p For pumping the wave vector, k i For idle light wave vector, k s As a vector of the light wave of the signal,is a grating wave vector;
step five, respectively passing idle light and signal light through a photon coupler, directly detecting the idle light by a local single photon detector 1, transmitting the signal light to a target to be detected far away from the distance L, and reflecting the signal light back to detect the signal light by a single photon detector 2;
step six, setting the acquisition time T as 30s, recording the time information of signal arrival by a high-speed acquisition circuit, setting different channel marker bits CH1 and CH2, and respectively using the time tag sequence T for the time information of idle light and signal light arrival 1 ＝{t 11 ,…,t 1i ,…,t 1n Sum T 2 ＝{t 21 ,…,t 2i ,…,t 2n Form of } is stored locally, where t ji (j=1, 2; i=1, …, n) represents the i-th time tag value of the j-th channel;
step seven, time sequence label T 1 And T 2 And (3) performing coincidence counting on the tag value, and setting different delays tau to obtain a coincidence counting value n (tau). According to the coincidence measurement correlation principle, when the coincidence gate width delta is far smaller than the coherence time tau of the optical field c I.e. satisfying delta < tau c When the value n (tau) is matched with the ideal second-order correlation function g (2) (τ) satisfies the following relationship:
wherein delta is the same as the width of the door, R 1 And R is 2 Photon count rates, gamma, for single photon detectors 1 and 2, respectively 1 And gamma 2 The sum of the dark count rate and the ambient noise induced count rate of the single photon detectors 1 and 2, respectively. G is obtainable from the above (2) The expression of (τ) is:
when R is i ＞＞γ i When (i=1, 2), the relation between the normalized second-order correlation function and the coincidence count value can be simplified to obtain:
step eight, fitting the obtained discrete points (tau, g) based on a least squares fitting algorithm (2) (τ)) is fitted to the curve, and the abscissa delay corresponding to the curve peak is the time domain measurement result, that is, the difference between the transmission time of the signal light and the idle light. At this time, the distance L from the local access point to the target can be expressed as:
wherein c is the speed of light;
step nine, according to the trilateral positioning principle, through deploying 3 local access points with known position coordinates, the distance L between the 3 local access points and a target can be obtained according to the method 1 、L 2 And L 3 And calculating the position of the target to be positioned by utilizing the trilateral positioning principle.
The seventh step comprises the following steps:
step seven (one), pair T 1 Adding a delay tau to each tag value in (1) to obtain T 1 '；
Step seven (two), selecting T 2 Taking each tag value as a reference, taking each time tag as the midpoint of a time interval, wherein the length of the time interval is consistent with the width delta;
step seven (three), searching T in each time interval 1 If the time label in' is in the interval, the coincidence count is increased by 1;
step seven (four), search for completion of T 1 After all the time labels in' the corresponding count value n (tau) after the delay tau is obtained.
The step nine comprises the following steps:
step nine (one), assume that the physical coordinates of the 3 local access points are (x) 1 ,y 1 )、(x 2 ,y 2 ) And (x) 3 ,y 3 ) The distances from the 3 local access points to the target are L respectively 1 、L 2 And L 3 The set of construction equations is as follows:
expanding the formula (14) and simplifying to obtain:
step nine (two) of settingAnd->Then there are:
i.e., y=ax, wherein,and->
Step nine (three), utilizing least square relationCan obtain the coordinates (x) 0 ,y 0 )。
Claims (3)
1. A distributed distance-related positioning method based on quantum entanglement light correlation characteristics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, generating high-quality pump light by using a semiconductor laser with the wavelength of 405nm, forming a telescope system by using lenses with the focal lengths of 300mm and 75mm respectively, and performing optical field compression on the pump light to obtain pure pump light;
step two, pure pumping light irradiates periodically polarized potassium titanyl phosphate (Periodically Poled KTP, PPKTP) crystals to generate a spontaneous parameter down-conversion process, and a light beam is subjected to parameter down-conversion with a certain probability to obtain entangled light;
step three, the obtained entangled light passes through a high-pass total reflection mirror with the reflection wavelength of 405nm, the redundant unconverted pump light is reflected, and interference light in the environment is filtered by an interference filter plate, so that high-quality entangled light is obtained;
step four, utilizing a polarization beam splitter to separate entangled light with the wavelength of 810nm to obtain signal light and idle light with equal light intensity I, and meeting the following conditions:
wherein, symbol "≡" represents positive correlation, d is crystal length, c is light velocity, Δk is phase mismatch amount, satisfying:
where Λ is the polarization period, k p For pumping the wave vector, k i For idle light wave vector, k s As a vector of the light wave of the signal,is a grating wave vector;
step five, respectively passing idle light and signal light through a photon coupler, directly detecting the idle light by a local single photon detector 1, transmitting the signal light to a target to be detected far away from the distance L, and reflecting the signal light back to detect the signal light by a single photon detector 2;
step six, setting the acquisition time T as 30s, recording the time information of signal arrival by a high-speed acquisition circuit, setting different channel marker bits CH1 and CH2, and respectively using the time tag sequence T for the time information of idle light and signal light arrival 1 ＝{t 11 ,…,t 1i ,…,t 1n Sum T 2 ＝{t 21 ,…,t 2i ,…,t 2n Form of } is stored locally, where t ji (j=1, 2; i=1, …, n) represents the i-th time tag value of the j-th channel;
step seven, time sequence label T 1 And T 2 The middle tag value carries out coincidence counting, and different delays tau are set to obtain a coincidence counting value n (tau); according to the coincidence measurement correlation principle, when the coincidence gate width delta is far smaller than the coherence time tau of the optical field c I.e. satisfy delta<<τ c When the value n (tau) is matched with the ideal second-order correlation function g (2) (τ) satisfies the following relationship:
wherein delta is the same as the width of the door, R 1 And R is 2 Photon count rates, gamma, for single photon detectors 1 and 2, respectively 1 And gamma 2 G is obtained from the sum of the dark count rate and the ambient noise-induced count rate of the single photon detectors 1 and 2, respectively (2) The expression of (τ) is:
when R is i >>λ i When (i=1, 2), the relation between the normalized second-order correlation function and the coincidence count value can be simplified to obtain:
step eight, fitting the obtained discrete points (tau, g) based on a least squares fitting algorithm (2) (τ)) performing curve fitting, wherein the abscissa delay corresponding to the curve peak is the time domain measurement result, that is, the difference between the transmission time of the signal light and the idle light, and at this time, the distance L from the local access point to the target may be expressed as:
wherein c is the speed of light;
step nine, according to the trilateral positioning principle, through deploying 3 local access points with known position coordinates, the distance L between the 3 local access points and a target can be obtained according to the method 1 、L 2 And L 3 And calculating the position of the target to be positioned by utilizing the trilateral positioning principle.
2. The distributed distance-dependent positioning method based on quantum entanglement light correlation properties according to claim 1, wherein the step seventh comprises the steps of:
step seven (one), pair T 1 Adding a delay tau to each tag value in (1) to obtain T 1 '；
Step seven (two), selecting T 2 Taking each tag value as a reference, taking each time tag as the midpoint of a time interval, wherein the length of the time interval is consistent with the width delta;
step seven (three), searching T in each time interval 1 If the time label in' is in the interval, the coincidence count is increased by 1;
step seven (four), search for completion of T 1 After all the time labels in' the corresponding count value n (tau) after the delay tau is obtained.
3. The distributed distance-dependent positioning method based on quantum entanglement light correlation properties according to claim 1, wherein the step nine comprises the steps of:
step nine (one), assume 3 local accessesThe physical coordinates of the points are (x) 1 ,y 1 )、(x 2 ,y 2 ) And (x) 3 ,y 3 ) The distances from the 3 local access points to the target are L respectively 1 、L 2 And L 3 The set of construction equations is as follows:
expanding the formula (7) and simplifying to obtain:
step nine (two) of settingAnd->Then there are:
i.e., y=ax, wherein,and->
Step nine (three), utilizing least square relationCan obtain the coordinates (x) 0 ,y 0 )。
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| EP2058677A1 (en) * | 2007-11-12 | 2009-05-13 | The Boeing Company | Imaging with nondegenerate frequency-entangled photons |
| CN103941263A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-07-23 | 北京控制工程研究所 | Inter-satellite ranging method based on quantum light sources on satellites and reflector |
| WO2017182432A1 (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2017-10-26 | Trinamix Gmbh | Detector for an optical detection of at least one object |
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