CN112923609B - Shell-and-tube dry evaporator - Google Patents

Shell-and-tube dry evaporator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112923609B
CN112923609B CN202110058556.6A CN202110058556A CN112923609B CN 112923609 B CN112923609 B CN 112923609B CN 202110058556 A CN202110058556 A CN 202110058556A CN 112923609 B CN112923609 B CN 112923609B
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China
Prior art keywords
distributor
tube
heat exchange
stage
plate
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Application number
CN202110058556.6A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN112923609A (en
Inventor
李明杰
袁博
魏进家
吴风雷
叶剑波
洪建军
张涛
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jiangsu Shilinbo'er Refrigeration Equipment Co ltd
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02Evaporators
    • F25B39/028Evaporators having distributing means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/24Arrangements for promoting turbulent flow of heat-exchange media, e.g. by plates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/26Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
    • F28F9/262Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators for radiators
    • F28F9/266Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators for radiators by screw-type connections
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/02Details of evaporators
    • F25B2339/024Evaporators with refrigerant in a vessel in which is situated a heat exchanger
    • F25B2339/0242Evaporators with refrigerant in a vessel in which is situated a heat exchanger having tubular elements

Abstract

The invention discloses a shell-and-tube dry evaporator, which comprises a distributor, an arched baffle plate, a heat exchange tube and a cylinder body, wherein the arched baffle plate is arranged on the top of the distributor; wherein, one end of the cylinder is closed, the other end is opened, a heat exchange tube and an arched baffle plate are arranged in the cylinder, the heat exchange tube passes through the arched baffle plate, and the open end of the cylinder is provided with a multi-stage distributor; the top and the bottom of the cylinder are respectively provided with an opening, a water side inlet pipe is arranged in the opening at the bottom, and a water side outlet pipe is arranged in the opening at the top; the lower part of the end cover is provided with a distribution channel which is communicated with the inlet of the heat exchange tube, the upper part of the end cover is provided with a converging cavity which is communicated with the outlet of the heat exchanger, and the converging cavity is provided with an outlet. The distributor used by the invention has simple structure, can be processed by processing methods such as laser cutting, linear cutting and the like, has low manufacturing cost and is convenient for large-scale popularization and use. The invention reduces the usage amount of the heat exchange tube by more than 30 percent through the design and the use of the inlet distributor and the arched baffle plate.

Description

Shell-and-tube dry evaporator
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat exchangers, and particularly relates to a shell-and-tube dry evaporator.
Background
The shell-and-tube heat exchanger is the most widely applied heat exchanger form and has the advantages of simple structure, strong adaptability, easy maintenance and the like. The main components of the device comprise a cylinder body, an end cover, a tube plate, a baffle plate, a heat exchange tube and the like. Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are widely used in air conditioners and refrigeration equipment as evaporators/condensers. The prior shell-and-tube heat exchanger has the following disadvantages when used as an evaporator/condenser: the flow of working media in each heat exchange tube is uneven, so that the heat exchange conditions are different, and the heat exchange efficiency is low; the allowance reserved for meeting the heat exchange requirement causes waste of heat exchange area; the refrigerant is easy to leak; the processing method is complex, the processing equipment and the processing cost are high, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing shell-and-tube heat exchanger is low in working efficiency, and provides a new structure of a shell-and-tube dry evaporator, which can save the length of a heat exchange tube and greatly improve the working efficiency of the heat exchanger.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a shell-and-tube dry evaporator comprises a distributor, an arched baffle plate, a heat exchange tube and a cylinder body; wherein, one end of the cylinder is closed, the other end is opened, a heat exchange tube and an arched baffle plate are arranged in the cylinder, the heat exchange tube passes through the arched baffle plate, and the open end of the cylinder is provided with a multi-stage distributor; the top and the bottom of the cylinder are respectively provided with an opening, a water side inlet pipe is arranged in the opening at the bottom, and a water side outlet pipe is arranged in the opening at the top; the lower part of the end cover is provided with a distribution channel which is communicated with the inlet of the heat exchange tube, the upper part of the end cover is provided with a converging cavity which is communicated with the outlet of the heat exchanger, and the converging cavity is provided with an outlet.
The invention has the further improvement that the distributor is provided with a refrigerant inlet pipe; the outlet is connected with a refrigerant outlet pipe.
The invention is further improved in that the distributor comprises an end cover plate, a primary distributor, a secondary distributor and an end cover; wherein, one side of the first-level distributor is provided with an end cover plate, the other side of the first-level distributor is provided with a second-level distributor, one side of the second-level distributor is provided with an end cover, one side of the end cover is provided with a tube plate, and the heat exchange tube is arranged on the tube plate.
The invention is further improved in that a first-stage cross distribution flow passage is processed on the side wall of the first-stage distributor close to the end cover plate, a second-stage cross distribution flow passage is processed on the side wall surface of the second-stage distributor close to the first-stage distributor, and the second-stage cross distribution flow passage is communicated with the first-stage cross distribution flow passage.
The invention has the further improvement that the tail end of each flow channel of the primary cross distribution flow channel is provided with a primary long straight channel along the thickness direction of the primary distributor; and the tail end of each flow channel of the secondary cross distribution flow channel is provided with a secondary long straight flow channel along the thickness direction of the secondary distributor, and the secondary long straight flow channel is communicated with the heat exchange tube through a tube plate.
The invention has the further improvement that a three-stage distribution flow channel is processed on the end cover, one end of the three-stage distribution flow channel is communicated with the two-stage long straight flow channel, and the other end of the three-stage distribution flow channel is communicated with the heat exchange tube.
The invention is further improved in that a sealing gasket is arranged between the end cover and the secondary distributor; the end cover is connected with the tube plate through a bolt, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the tube plate and the cylinder body.
The invention is further improved in that a bracket is arranged below the cylinder body.
The invention has the further improvement that the arch baffle plate comprises a support plate, a circumferential baffle plate, a crescent baffle plate, a water retaining cylinder and a pipe hole, wherein the support plate is in a segmental shape, and the crescent baffle plates are arranged at the two ends of the support plate; the top of backup pad is provided with the circumference baffle, and vertical direction central line position department has arranged one row of manger plate cylinder on the both sides face of backup pad, has offered a plurality of tube holes that are used for installing the heat exchange tube between manger plate cylinder and the crescent breakwater.
The invention has the further improvement that the heat exchange tube is a U-shaped copper exchange tube.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
and the refrigerant inlet position distributes the refrigerant working medium by using a distributor. When refrigerant working medium flow distribution is uneven, the heat exchange conditions among the heat exchange tubes are different, and when partial heat exchange tubes do not exchange heat fully, the other partial heat exchange tubes are burnt dry. In order to avoid the situation, the distributor is arranged at the position of the refrigerant working medium inlet. The distributor accurately controls the flow of the refrigerant working medium in each heat exchange tube through multi-stage distribution, and achieves the aim of uniform distribution. Refrigerant working media collide with the wall surface for many times in the distributor and are mixed, the uniformity is enhanced, and the refrigerant working media can flow and develop in the distributor fully. The distributor used by the invention has simple structure, can be processed by processing methods such as laser cutting, linear cutting and the like, has low manufacturing cost and is convenient for large-scale popularization and use. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger provided by the invention has the advantages that the overall size is close to that of the existing product, the matching degree with the system is high, and the replacement is convenient. The design and use of the inlet distributor and the arched baffle plate reduce the usage amount of the heat exchange tubes by more than 30 percent.
Furthermore, the structure provided by the invention omits a large end cover in the existing heat exchanger structure, and the cost is saved. The heat exchanger structure of the invention designs the small end cover with the converging cavity at the outlet of the heat exchange tube to converge the working medium, thereby saving more than half of space and materials compared with the prior product. The end cover and the tail end of the distributor are integrated, so that the overall sealing performance is enhanced, and the leakage of the refrigerant working medium is prevented.
Furthermore, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger uses the arc-shaped baffle plate, the outer side of the arc-shaped baffle plate is provided with the circumferential baffle plate, the baffle plate and the heat exchanger cylinder are in contact with each other more in a surface mode through line connection and thixotropy, the laying of sealing materials and the use of water-swelling sealant are facilitated, and the sealing of the baffle plate and the heat exchanger cylinder is strengthened.
Further, the distributor is bolted to the tube sheet. The distributor provided by the invention is completely connected with the heat exchanger tube plate through the bolts, so that the processing difficulty caused by welding is avoided, and meanwhile, the leakage risk caused by welding is avoided. The structure is simple, the disassembly is easy, and the maintenance is convenient. The leakage and corrosion risks caused by welding spots existing in the water in the existing heat exchanger structure are avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a side view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an elevational view of the overall construction of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the end cap structure of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the dispenser of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the arcuate baffle configuration of the present invention.
Wherein: the heat exchanger comprises a refrigerant inlet pipe 1, a distributor 2, a refrigerant outlet pipe 3, an end cover 4, a tube plate 5, an arched baffle plate 6, a heat exchange pipe 7, a water side outlet pipe 8, a water side inlet pipe 9, a support 10, a barrel 11, an end cover plate 2-1, a first-level distributor 2-2, a second-level distributor 2-3, an outlet 4-1, a third-level distribution channel 4-2, a converging cavity 4-3, bolt holes 4-4, a circumferential baffle 6-1, a crescent baffle 6-2, a water retaining cylinder 6-3 and pipe holes 6-4.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a shell-and-tube dry evaporator of the present invention includes a distributor 2, a refrigerant outlet pipe 3, an end cap 4, an arcuate baffle plate 6, heat exchange pipes 7, an outlet pipe 8, an inlet pipe 9, a bracket 10, a tube body 11, and the like.
The invention relates to a double-system shell-and-tube heat exchanger which is provided with two independent refrigerant working medium inlets and outlets and shares a water side for heat exchange.
One end of the cylinder body 11 is closed, the other end of the cylinder body is opened, a heat exchange tube 7 and an arched baffle plate 6 are arranged in the cylinder body 11, and the heat exchange tube 7 is arranged in a square tube arrangement mode. The heat exchange tube 7 passes through the arched baffle plates 6, and the arched baffle plates 6 are arranged in a staggered mode to strengthen shell-side heat exchange.
The distributor 2 is provided with a refrigerant inlet pipe 1. The distributor 2 is a multi-stage distributor, preferably, the distributor adopts three-stage distribution, and each stage of structure consists of a distribution flow channel and a long straight channel. The working medium and the wall surface of the distributor are subjected to three times of collision mixing, and the working medium develops in the long straight channel to reach a stable flowing state, so that the distribution uniformity is ensured.
The refrigerant working medium is mixed by the collision of the refrigerant working medium and the wall surface of the distributor, and the refrigerant working medium is developed and mixed by the flow of the primary long straight flow channel and the secondary long straight flow channel.
Specifically, referring to fig. 5, a distributor 2 is arranged at an opening end of the cylinder 11, and the distributor 2 includes a refrigerant inlet pipe 1, an end cover plate 2-1, a primary distributor 2-2, a secondary distributor 2-3, and a tube plate 5; wherein, one side of the first-stage distributor 2-2 is provided with an end cover plate 2-1, the other side of the first-stage distributor 2-2 is provided with a second-stage distributor 2-3, one side of the second-stage distributor 2-3 is provided with an end cover 4, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the end cover 4 and the second-stage distributor 2-3 and is connected with the sealing gasket in a pressing way. A tube plate 5 is arranged on one side of the end cover 4, the end cover 4 is connected with the tube plate 5 through bolts, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the tube plate 5 and the barrel body 11 for sealing. The heat exchange tube 7 is arranged on the tube plate 5, and the tube plate 5 is connected with the heat exchange tube 7 in an expansion mode.
A primary cross distribution flow channel is processed on the side wall of the primary distributor 2-2 close to the end cover plate 2-1, and the refrigerant inlet pipe 1 is communicated with the primary cross distribution flow channel through the end cover plate 2-1. A second-level cross distribution flow passage is processed on the side wall surface of the second-level distributor 2-3 close to the first-level distributor 2-2 and communicated with the first-level cross distribution flow passage. The tail end of each flow channel of the primary cross distribution flow channel is provided with a primary long straight channel along the thickness direction of the primary distributor 2-2. The tail end of each flow channel of the secondary cross distribution flow channel is provided with a secondary long straight flow channel along the thickness direction of the secondary distributor 2-3, and the other side of the secondary distributor 2-3 is connected with the end cover 4.
The top and the bottom of the cylinder body 11 are respectively provided with an opening, a water side inlet pipe 9 is arranged in the opening at the bottom, and a water side outlet pipe 8 is arranged in the opening at the top. And a support 10 is arranged below the cylinder 11 to support the whole heat exchanger.
Referring to fig. 6, the arch baffle 6 comprises a support plate, a circumferential baffle 6-1, a crescent baffle 6-2, a water retaining cylinder 6-3 and a pipe hole 6-4, wherein the support plate is in a segmental shape, and crescent baffles 6-2 are arranged at two ends of the support plate; the top of the supporting plate is provided with a circumferential baffle 6-1, a row of water retaining cylinders 6-3 are arranged at the central line position in the vertical direction on the two side surfaces of the supporting plate, and a plurality of pipe holes 6-4 for installing heat exchange pipes 7 are arranged between the water retaining cylinders 6-3 and the crescent water retaining plates 6-2.
The contact between the arc-shaped baffle plate 6 and the cylinder 11 is changed from line contact into surface contact by the circumferential baffle plate 6-1, so that the contact and sealing area is increased, the use of sealing materials or water-swellable adhesive is facilitated, and the sealing between the baffle plate and the heat exchanger cylinder is enhanced. The crescent baffle 6-2 obstructs the flow of the liquid working medium along the direction of the heat exchange tube, and the water retaining cylinder 6-3 prevents the short circuit of the water side caused by the flow of the liquid working medium along the central line position in the vertical direction.
Specifically, the heat exchange tube 7 is a U-shaped copper tube. The lower part of the end cover 4 is provided with a three-stage distribution channel 4-2, a two-stage long straight flow channel is connected with the three-stage distribution channel 4-2, the three-stage distribution channel 4-2 is communicated with an inlet of the heat exchange tube 7, the upper part of the end cover 4 is provided with a converging cavity 4-3, the converging cavity 4-3 is communicated with an outlet of the heat exchange tube 7, and the converging cavity 4-3 is provided with an outlet 4-1. The outlet 4-1 is connected with a refrigerant outlet pipe 3. Referring to fig. 4, a refrigerant working medium enters the distributor 2 through the refrigerant inlet pipe 1, flows through the outlet of the distributor 2, is uniformly distributed through the three-stage distribution channel 4-2, enters the heat exchange pipe 7, fully exchanges heat in the heat exchange pipe 7, is converged in the converging cavity 4-3, and then enters the refrigerant outlet pipe 3 through the outlet 4-1. The end cover 4 is provided with a plurality of bolt holes 4-4, and the end cover 4 is fixed with the tube plate 5 through the bolt holes 4-4.
The refrigerant outlet pipe 3 is connected with a converging cavity 4-3 on the end cover 4, refrigerant working medium is convenient for sealing and installing bolts, the lower half part of the end cover 4 is integrated with the distributor 2, and the end cover 4 is tightly connected with the distributor 2 through a sealing gasket.
To ensure sealing, the end cap 4 is circular in shape with the same dimensions as the tube sheet 5, with an outlet junction chamber 4-3 in its upper half and a lower half that is part of the last stage of distributor connected to the previous stage.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims (8)

1. A shell-and-tube dry evaporator is characterized by comprising a distributor (2), an arched baffle plate (6), a heat exchange tube (7) and a cylinder (11); wherein one end of the cylinder body (11) is closed, the other end of the cylinder body is opened, a heat exchange tube (7) and an arched baffle plate (6) are arranged in the cylinder body (11), the heat exchange tube (7) penetrates through the arched baffle plate (6), and the open end of the cylinder body (11) is provided with a multi-stage distributor (2); the top and the bottom of the cylinder (11) are respectively provided with an opening, a water side inlet pipe (9) is arranged in the opening at the bottom, and a water side outlet pipe (8) is arranged in the opening at the top; a three-stage distribution channel (4-2) is processed at the lower part of the end cover (4), the three-stage distribution channel (4-2) is communicated with an inlet of the heat exchange tube (7), a converging cavity (4-3) is processed at the upper part of the end cover (4), the converging cavity (4-3) is communicated with an outlet of the heat exchange tube (7), and an outlet (4-1) is arranged on the converging cavity (4-3);
the distributor (2) comprises an end cover plate (2-1), a primary distributor (2-2), a secondary distributor (2-3) and an end cover (4); wherein, one side of the first-stage distributor (2-2) is provided with an end cover plate (2-1), the other side of the first-stage distributor (2-2) is provided with a second-stage distributor (2-3), one side of the second-stage distributor (2-3) is provided with an end cover (4), one side of the end cover (4) is provided with a tube plate (5), and a heat exchange tube (7) is arranged on the tube plate (5);
a first-stage cross distribution flow channel is processed on the side wall of the first-stage distributor (2-2) close to the end cover plate (2-1), a second-stage cross distribution flow channel is processed on the side wall surface of the second-stage distributor (2-3) close to the first-stage distributor (2-2), and the second-stage cross distribution flow channel is communicated with the first-stage cross distribution flow channel.
2. A shell and tube dry evaporator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distributor (2) is provided with a refrigerant inlet pipe (1); the outlet (4-1) is connected with a refrigerant outlet pipe (3).
3. A shell and tube dry evaporator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the end position of each flow passage of the primary cross distribution flow passage is provided with a primary long straight passage along the thickness direction of the primary distributor (2-2); the tail end of each flow channel of the secondary cross distribution flow channel is provided with a secondary long straight flow channel along the thickness direction of the secondary distributor (2-3), and the secondary long straight flow channel is communicated with the heat exchange tube (7) through the tube plate (5).
4. A shell and tube dry evaporator as set forth in claim 3, wherein the tertiary distribution channel (4-2) is communicated with the secondary long straight flow path at one end and the heat exchange tube (7) at the other end.
5. A shell and tube dry evaporator as claimed in claim 1, wherein a sealing gasket is arranged between the end cap (4) and the secondary distributor (2-3); the end cover (4) is connected with the tube plate (5) through a bolt, and a sealing gasket is arranged between the tube plate (5) and the cylinder body (11).
6. A shell and tube dry evaporator as claimed in claim 1, wherein a bracket (10) is mounted below the drum (11).
7. A shell and tube dry evaporator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the arcuate baffle plate (6) comprises a support plate, a circumferential baffle plate (6-1), a crescent baffle plate (6-2), a water retaining cylinder (6-3) and a tube hole (6-4), wherein the support plate is segmental, and crescent baffle plates (6-2) are arranged at two ends of the support plate; the top of the supporting plate is provided with a circumferential baffle (6-1), a row of water retaining cylinders (6-3) are arranged at the central line position in the vertical direction on the two side faces of the supporting plate, and a plurality of pipe holes (6-4) used for installing heat exchange pipes (7) are formed between the water retaining cylinders (6-3) and the crescent baffles (6-2).
8. A shell and tube dry evaporator according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchange tubes (7) are U-shaped copper tubes.
CN202110058556.6A 2021-01-16 2021-01-16 Shell-and-tube dry evaporator Active CN112923609B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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CN112923609B true CN112923609B (en) 2022-04-22

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CN113758056B (en) * 2021-09-28 2022-12-09 西安交通大学 Shell-and-tube heat exchanger with refrigerant distribution device
CN114517993B (en) * 2022-02-09 2024-02-20 青岛海尔空调电子有限公司 Horizontal shell-and-tube heat exchanger and heat exchange unit

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Effective date of registration: 20230801

Address after: No. 8, Hanzhuang Road, Huangqiao Industrial Park, Taixing City, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, 225411

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Patentee before: XI'AN JIAOTONG University

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