CN112922861B - Compact low-rotation-speed centrifugal compressor - Google Patents

Compact low-rotation-speed centrifugal compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112922861B
CN112922861B CN202110134675.5A CN202110134675A CN112922861B CN 112922861 B CN112922861 B CN 112922861B CN 202110134675 A CN202110134675 A CN 202110134675A CN 112922861 B CN112922861 B CN 112922861B
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China
Prior art keywords
diffusion
channel
cover plate
collector
spiral
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CN202110134675.5A
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CN112922861A (en
Inventor
孙金菊
孙万有
宋鹏
杨焘
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08Centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/10Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/4206Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/441Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/661Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/663Sound attenuation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/661Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/667Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps by influencing the flow pattern, e.g. suppression of turbulence

Abstract

The invention discloses a compact low-rotation-speed centrifugal compressor, wherein a diffusion back cover plate channel corresponds to a diffusion spiral channel and is communicated with an inlet of the corresponding diffusion spiral channel; along the airflow flowing direction, the cross section area of the diffusion spiral channel is gradually increased, and the cross section area of the diffusion rear cover plate channel is gradually increased; the diffuser collector is of an equiangular spiral line type structure, the cross section area of the diffuser collector is gradually increased along the spiral direction, and the compressor can have the characteristics of high boosting and small size.

Description

Compact low-rotation-speed centrifugal compressor
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fluid machinery, and relates to a compact low-rotation-speed centrifugal compressor.
Background
The centrifugal compressor is widely applied in the fields of industrial gas transportation, energy industry and the like. Compared with a positive displacement compressor, the centrifugal compressor has the advantages of low maintenance cost, low noise, high power density and the like, and can maintain oil-free compression and steady flow delivery. For compression of small flow media, however, it is often necessary to increase the centrifugal compressor speed or impeller diameter to achieve the target pressure rise. The increase of the rotating speed affects the running stability and the service life of the bearing and the rotor, and meanwhile, the manufacturing cost is obviously increased; the increase in wheel diameter not only increases the manufacturing cost, but also the excessively large wheel diameter is disadvantageous to the stability of the rotor. How to obtain higher pressure ratio of the centrifugal compressor under the size and rotating speed constraints is an important challenge for the design of the centrifugal compressor.
The centrifugal compressor technology disclosed so far, by different methods, has pertinently solved some specific problems. For example, WO2005024242a1, "Radial Compressor Impeller", achieves higher euler work by a high degree of forward bending of the blade exit, resulting in a circumferential component of the absolute velocity of the Impeller exit that is much greater than the Impeller circumferential velocity, so that the total pressure at the Impeller exit increases, but the static pressure rise is not significant; patent CN105683582A "diffuser for forward-swept tangential flow compressor", a radial vaned diffuser suitable for small flow rates is designed. However, the diffuser has a large radial size, which results in a large overall compressor size.
As described above, the presently disclosed techniques or measures have a beneficial effect on increasing the pressure ratio of a centrifugal compressor. However, these measures are only suitable for compressor designs of sufficiently large dimensions, and are not suitable for applications with severe dimensional constraints, since it is difficult to perform the diffuser function of the diffuser.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a compact low-speed centrifugal compressor which is capable of having a high boost pressure and a small size.
In order to achieve the aim, the compact low-rotation-speed centrifugal compressor comprises a guide front cover plate, an impeller, a diffusion rear cover plate, a plurality of diffusion spiral channels and a diffusion collector which are sequentially arranged;
the guide front cover plate is buckled on the diffusion rear cover plate, a columnar cavity is formed between the guide front cover plate and the diffusion rear cover plate, the impeller is positioned in the columnar cavity, an annular channel is formed among the peripheral surface of the impeller, the guide front cover plate and the diffusion rear cover plate, an air inlet is formed in the guide front cover plate, and an air channel is formed in the impeller;
the side of the diffusion rear cover plate, which is opposite to the diffusion collector, is provided with a plurality of diffusion rear cover plate channels, one diffusion rear cover plate channel corresponds to one diffusion spiral channel, the diffusion rear cover plate channel is communicated with the inlet of the corresponding diffusion spiral channel, the inner side surface of the diffusion collector is provided with a plurality of diffusion collector inlet channels, one diffusion collector inlet channel corresponds to one diffusion spiral channel, one end of each diffusion collector inlet channel is communicated with the outlet of the corresponding diffusion spiral channel, the diffusion collector is of a hollow structure, and the other end of the diffusion collector inlet channel is communicated with the diffusion collector;
along the airflow flowing direction, the cross section area of the diffusion spiral channel is gradually increased, and the cross section area of the diffusion rear cover plate channel is gradually increased;
the diffusion collector is of an equiangular spiral line type structure, and the cross section area of the diffusion collector is gradually increased along the spiral direction;
the air inlet is communicated with the diffusion collector through an air channel, an annular channel, a diffusion back cover plate channel, a diffusion spiral channel and a diffusion collector inlet channel in sequence.
The impeller is a meridian plane diffusion and flow passage diffusion structure.
The guide front cover plate comprises an end plate and an annular baffle plate connected with the end plate, the air inlet is formed in the end plate, the inner wall of the annular baffle plate is tangent to the inner surface of a wheel cover of the impeller, the cross section of the inner wall surface of the annular baffle plate is of an 1/4 circular arc structure, an annular groove is formed in the side face, right facing the impeller, of the diffusion rear cover plate, the inner wall of the annular baffle plate is tangent to the inner wall of the annular groove, and the annular groove is located on the outer side of the impeller.
All the diffusion back cover plate channels are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction.
The inner side surface and the outer side surface of the diffusion rear cover plate channel are arc surfaces which are parallel to each other.
The cross section of the diffusion back cover plate channel is of a rectangular structure.
The inner wall of the diffusion spiral channel is tangent to the inner wall of the diffusion rear cover plate channel.
The inner wall of the diffusion spiral channel is tangent to the inner wall of the inlet channel of the diffusion collector.
The cross section of the diffusion spiral channel is of a rectangular structure.
The inner side surface and the outer side surface of the diffusion spiral channel are arc surfaces which are parallel to each other.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the compact low-rotation-speed centrifugal compressor is operated specifically, the cross section area of the diffusion spiral channel is gradually increased along the airflow flowing direction, and the cross section area of the diffusion rear cover plate channel is gradually increased; the diffuser collector is of an equiangular spiral line type structure, the cross section area of the diffuser collector is gradually increased along the spiral direction, gas enters the diffuser collector through the gas inlet, the gas channel, the annular channel, the diffuser back cover plate channel, the diffuser spiral channel and the diffuser collector inlet channel in sequence, and three-stage diffusion is performed through the diffuser collector, the diffuser back cover plate channel and the diffuser spiral channel in the gas process to realize higher pressure boosting, avoid the existence of a diffuser collector volute tongue, reduce the annular volume loss in the diffuser collector, avoid the problems of flow loss and noise rise caused by the existence of the volute tongue and effectively reduce the size of the centrifugal compressor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an impeller according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an impeller according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the guide front cover plate 2;
FIG. 5 is a position view of the diffuser aft cover plate channel 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the annular groove 11 in the diffusion back cover plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the diffuser aft cover plate channel 6 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a distribution diagram of the diffusion spiral passage 4;
fig. 9 is a sectional view of the diffuser spiral passage 4;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the diffuser collector 5.
Wherein, 1 is the impeller, 2 is the direction front shroud, 3 is the diffusion back shroud, 4 is the diffusion spiral passageway, 5 is the diffusion collector, 6 is the diffusion back shroud passageway, 7 is the diffusion collector inlet passage, 8 is the gas passage, 9 is the end plate, 10 is the annular baffle, 11 is the annular groove.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1 to 10, the compact low-speed centrifugal compressor according to the present invention includes a guiding front cover plate 2, an impeller 1, a diffusion rear cover plate 3, a plurality of diffusion spiral channels 4, and a diffusion collector 5, which are sequentially disposed; the guide front cover plate 2 is buckled on the diffusion rear cover plate 3, a columnar cavity is formed between the guide front cover plate 2 and the diffusion rear cover plate 3, the impeller 1 is positioned in the columnar cavity, an annular channel is formed between the peripheral surface of the impeller 1, the guide front cover plate 2 and the diffusion rear cover plate 3, an air inlet is formed in the guide front cover plate 2, and an air channel 8 is formed in the impeller 1; a plurality of diffusion rear cover plate channels 6 are arranged on the side face, opposite to the diffusion collector 5, of the diffusion rear cover plate 3, the diffusion rear cover plate channels 6 are communicated with the annular channel, one diffusion rear cover plate channel 6 corresponds to one diffusion spiral channel 4, the diffusion rear cover plate channels 6 are communicated with inlets of the corresponding diffusion spiral channels 4, a plurality of diffusion collector inlet channels 7 are arranged on the inner side face of the diffusion collector 5, one diffusion collector inlet channel 7 corresponds to one diffusion spiral channel 4, one end of each diffusion collector inlet channel 7 is communicated with an outlet of the corresponding diffusion spiral channel 4, the diffusion collector 5 is of a hollow structure, and the other end of each diffusion collector inlet channel 7 is communicated with the diffusion collector 5; along the airflow flowing direction, the cross section area of the diffusion spiral channel 4 is gradually increased, and the cross section area of the diffusion rear cover plate channel 6 is gradually increased, wherein the diffusion collector 5 is of an equiangular spiral line type structure, and the cross section area of the diffusion collector 5 is gradually increased along the spiral direction; the air inlet is communicated with the diffusion collector 5 through an air passage 8, an annular passage, a diffusion back cover plate passage 6, a diffusion spiral passage 4 and a diffusion collector inlet passage 7 in sequence.
During operation, gas enters the gas flow channel through the gas inlet, then enters the diffusion rear cover plate channel 6 through the annular channel, finally enters the diffusion collector 5 for diffusion after sequentially diffusing through the diffusion spiral channel 4 and the diffusion collector inlet channel 7, and finally is discharged through the outlet of the diffusion collector 5. In addition, the ratio of the cross section of the inlet of the diffusion spiral channel 4 to the cross section of the outlet thereof is A, wherein A is more than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.
Further, the impeller 1 is a meridian plane diffusion and flow channel diffusion structure, the ratio B of the diameter of the outlet inscribed circle of the working surface of each blade to the diameter of the inlet inscribed circle of the back surface of the adjacent blade is larger than or equal to 1 and smaller than or equal to 1.3, and the included angle C between the inner end surface of the wheel cover of the impeller 1 and the inner end surface of the wheel disc of the impeller 1 is larger than or equal to 4 degrees and smaller than or equal to 12 degrees.
Further, the guide front cover plate 2 comprises an end plate 9 and an annular baffle plate 10 connected with the end plate 9, the air inlet is formed in the end plate 9, the inner wall of the annular baffle plate 10 is tangent to the inner surface of a wheel cover of the impeller 1, the cross section of the inner wall surface of the annular baffle plate 10 is of an 1/4 arc structure, an annular groove 11 is formed in the side face, right facing the impeller 1, of the diffusion rear cover plate 3, the inner wall of the annular baffle plate 10 is tangent to the inner wall of the annular groove 11, and the annular groove 11 is located on the outer side of the impeller 1.
Further, the diffusion back cover plate passages 6 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction.
Further, the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the diffusion back cover plate channel 6 are arc surfaces which are parallel to each other.
Further, the cross section of the diffusion rear cover plate channel 6 is of a rectangular, round or oval structure.
Further, the inner wall of the diffusion spiral channel 4 is tangent to the inner wall of the diffusion back cover plate channel 6.
Further, the inner wall of the diffuser spiral channel 4 is tangential to the inner wall of the diffuser collector inlet channel 7.
Further, the cross section of the diffusion spiral channel 4 is of a rectangular, round or oval structure.
Further, the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the diffusion spiral channel 4 are arc surfaces parallel to each other.
When the gas turbine works, the impeller 1 is driven to rotate by the motor, gas enters the gas channel 8 in the impeller 1, the blades do work on the gas to enable the gas to obtain a certain speed head and a certain pressure head, meanwhile, the speed head is converted to the pressure head by the impeller flow channel with the gradually increased flow area of the gas flow, the gas obtains axial speed through the annular baffle 10, and the gas has the trend of advancing spirally along the axial direction; the gas leaves the guide front cover plate 2, enters the diffusion rear cover plate 3, is divided into a plurality of gas flows in the diffusion rear cover plate 3, then enters the diffusion spiral channel 4 and continues diffusion, is finally collected in the diffusion collector 5 for uniform diffusion again, and is conveyed out through an outlet of the diffusion collector 5.
The embodiments described above are provided by way of example only and various changes and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A compact low-speed centrifugal compressor is characterized by comprising a guide front cover plate (2), an impeller (1), a diffusion rear cover plate (3), a plurality of diffusion spiral channels (4) and a diffusion collector (5) which are sequentially arranged;
the guide front cover plate (2) is buckled on the diffusion rear cover plate (3), a columnar cavity is formed between the guide front cover plate (2) and the diffusion rear cover plate (3), the impeller (1) is positioned in the columnar cavity, an annular channel is formed among the peripheral surface of the impeller (1), the guide front cover plate (2) and the diffusion rear cover plate (3), an air inlet is formed in the guide front cover plate (2), and an air channel (8) is formed in the impeller (1);
a plurality of diffusion rear cover plate channels (6) are arranged on the side face, opposite to the diffusion collector (5), of the diffusion rear cover plate (3), one diffusion rear cover plate channel (6) corresponds to one diffusion spiral channel (4), the diffusion rear cover plate channels (6) are communicated with inlets of the corresponding diffusion spiral channels (4), a plurality of diffusion collector inlet channels (7) are arranged on the inner side face of the diffusion collector (5), one diffusion collector inlet channel (7) corresponds to one diffusion spiral channel (4), one end of each diffusion collector inlet channel (7) is communicated with an outlet of the corresponding diffusion spiral channel (4), the diffusion collector (5) is of a hollow structure, and the other end of each diffusion collector inlet channel (7) is communicated with the diffusion collector (5);
along the airflow flowing direction, the cross section area of the diffusion spiral channel (4) is gradually increased, and the cross section area of the diffusion rear cover plate channel (6) is gradually increased;
the diffuser collector (5) is of an equiangular spiral line type structure, and the cross section area of the diffuser collector (5) is gradually increased along the spiral direction;
the air inlet is communicated with the diffusion collector (5) through an air passage (8), an annular passage, a diffusion back cover plate passage (6), a diffusion spiral passage (4) and a diffusion collector inlet passage (7) in sequence.
2. The compact low-speed centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein the impeller (1) is of a meridional diffusion and flow channel diffusion structure.
3. The compact low-speed centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein the guide front cover plate (2) comprises an end plate (9) and an annular baffle plate (10) connected with the end plate (9), the air inlet is formed in the end plate (9), the inner wall of the annular baffle plate (10) is tangent to the outer surface of a wheel cover of the impeller (1), the cross section of the inner wall surface of the annular baffle plate (10) is of an 1/4 arc structure, an annular groove (11) is formed in the side surface, facing the impeller (1), of the diffusion rear cover plate (3), the inner wall of the annular baffle plate (10) is tangent to the outer wall of the annular groove (11), and the annular groove (11) is located on the outer side of the impeller (1).
4. The compact low speed centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein the diffuser shroud passages (6) are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.
5. The compact low-speed centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the diffuser shroud channel (6) are arc surfaces parallel to each other.
6. The compact low speed centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein the cross section of the diffuser shroud channel (6) is of rectangular configuration.
7. The compact low speed centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the diffusion spiral channel (4) is tangential to the inner wall of the diffusion back cover plate channel (6).
8. The compact low speed centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the diffuser helical channel (4) is tangential to the inner wall of the diffuser collector inlet channel (7).
9. The compact low-speed centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein the cross section of the diffusion spiral channel (4) is of a rectangular structure.
10. The compact low-speed centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the diffusion spiral channel (4) are arc surfaces parallel to each other.
CN202110134675.5A 2021-01-29 2021-01-29 Compact low-rotation-speed centrifugal compressor Active CN112922861B (en)

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CN112922861B true CN112922861B (en) 2021-12-28

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US20080044277A1 (en) * 2006-08-15 2008-02-21 Finkenbinder David B Insert for fan-motor assembly
GB2509760B (en) * 2013-01-14 2015-07-15 Dyson Technology Ltd A Fan
CN108425704B (en) * 2013-01-23 2020-05-22 概创机械设计有限责任公司 Turbine comprising a flow guiding structure
CN204175652U (en) * 2014-09-04 2015-02-25 霍尼韦尔环境自控产品(天津)有限公司 The centrifugal blower volute of low aerodynamic noise
CN106523437A (en) * 2016-12-21 2017-03-22 重庆江增船舶重工有限公司 Novel diffuser for centrifugal compressor
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CN210461170U (en) * 2019-06-26 2020-05-05 上海电气鼓风机厂有限公司 Compressor casing with built-in spiral plate

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