CN112922618B - Construction method for improving utilization rate of TBM or shield tunneling machine cutter - Google Patents
Construction method for improving utilization rate of TBM or shield tunneling machine cutter Download PDFInfo
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- CN112922618B CN112922618B CN202110150338.5A CN202110150338A CN112922618B CN 112922618 B CN112922618 B CN 112922618B CN 202110150338 A CN202110150338 A CN 202110150338A CN 112922618 B CN112922618 B CN 112922618B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012149 noodles Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
- E21D9/087—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1093—Devices for supporting, advancing or orientating the machine or the tool-carrier
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/11—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
- E21D9/116—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines by means of non-concentric rotary heads
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method for improving the utilization rate of TBM or shield tunneling machine cutters, which comprises the following steps: s1, regularly measuring the abrasion loss of the cutter in the use process of the cutter; s2, when the wear loss of the dough knives reaches the design wear loss of the dough knives, removing the dough knives and installing new dough knives, and then installing first cushion blocks on the adjacent dough knives according to the height difference between the new dough knives and the adjacent dough knives to ensure that the height difference between the new dough knives and the adjacent dough knives is not more than 5 mm; when the abrasion loss of the side cutter reaches the designed abrasion loss of the side cutter, a second cushion block is arranged on the side cutter, and the cutting edge of the side cutter is adjusted to reach the designed excavation radius position; and when the abrasion loss of the edge cutter reaches the accumulated abrasion loss of the edge cutter, removing the edge cutter and installing a new edge cutter. The method greatly improves the utilization rate of the cutter, reduces the cost of the cutter and improves the effective tunneling time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunneling machines, in particular to a construction method for improving the utilization rate of TBM or shield tunneling machine cutters.
Background
In the tunnel construction process of a rock Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) and a shield machine, when high-strength rocks such as granite and marble are encountered, the boring efficiency is obviously reduced, the abrasion consumption of a cutter is greatly influenced on the whole construction period and the cost, so that the control of the type selection and the treatment method of the cutter is the key for reducing the cost and improving the construction efficiency. In the existing method for controlling and processing the abrasion of the cutter in the tunneling process, when the cutting edge of the face cutter is abraded to a designed value, the cutter is usually replaced by a new cutter after being disassembled, and the cutter is disassembled and replaced to the position of the face cutter after being abraded to a certain value for continuous abrasion, or the new cutter is replaced after being disassembled, and the method also has the following defects: (1) the environment and position requirements of the tool changing tool are met in the tunneling process, and the tool reaching the designed abrasion loss or not reaching the designed abrasion loss is basically replaced each time the tool is changed, so that the tool changing times can be reduced, but the tool not reaching the designed abrasion loss is replaced, and the tool consumption cost is increased; (2) when the hard rock is tunneled, after part of cutters are replaced by new cutters, the height difference exists between the new cutters and the adjacent cutters which are not replaced, the cutters are stressed unevenly in the tunneling process, and the phenomena of cutter ring cracking and eccentric wear occur, so that the consumption cost of the cutters is increased; (3) because the excavation radius of the peripheral cutter is the largest in the tunneling process, the cutter has the fastest wear speed, in order to ensure the effective excavation of the hole diameter and prevent the shield from being blocked, the wear loss of the side cutter is not more than 5-10mm generally, the side cutter needs to be replaced and processed, but the wear loss is 20-30mm away from the designed wear loss of the cutter, the cutter is replaced with a new cutter after being detached, the great waste exists, if the side cutter is replaced to the position of the face cutter after being detached and is continuously used, the waste of the detachment and installation time exists, and the influence is caused on the whole construction period. Therefore, a method is urgently needed for improving the utilization rate of the cutter, meeting the tunneling requirement, reducing the consumption cost of the cutter, shortening the cutter changing time and saving the construction period time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of serious cutter abrasion and frequent replacement, and provides a construction method for improving the utilization rate of TBM or shield machine cutters, so that the utilization rate of the cutters is greatly improved, the cost of the cutters is reduced, and the effective tunneling time is prolonged.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a construction method for improving the utilization rate of TBM or shield tunneling machine cutters comprises the following steps:
s1, regularly measuring the abrasion loss of the cutter in the use process of the cutter;
s2, when the wear loss of the dough knives reaches the design wear loss of the dough knives, removing the dough knives and installing new dough knives, and then installing first cushion blocks on the adjacent dough knives according to the height difference between the new dough knives and the adjacent dough knives to ensure that the height difference between the new dough knives and the adjacent dough knives is not more than 5 mm;
when the abrasion loss of the side cutter reaches the designed abrasion loss of the side cutter, a second cushion block is arranged on the side cutter, and the cutting edge of the side cutter is adjusted to reach the designed excavation radius position; and when the abrasion loss of the edge cutter reaches the accumulated abrasion loss of the edge cutter, removing the edge cutter and installing a new edge cutter.
According to the invention, the cushion blocks are arranged on the cutters with different abrasion loss to ensure that the cutters are fully used after adjustment, the new cutters are directly replaced after the abrasion loss of the face cutters reaches the design abrasion loss of the face cutters, the height difference between the new cutters of the face cutters and the face cutters which do not reach the design abrasion loss of the adjacent face cutters exists after the new cutters of the face cutters are replaced, the height difference of the adjacent face cutters is controlled not to exceed 5mm, when the height difference exceeds 5mm, the first cushion blocks are arranged on the adjacent face cutters, the height difference between the face cutters is reduced, the face is subjected to balanced stress cutting excavation, and the phenomenon that the height difference is too large, the stress of the newly-arranged cutters is too large, and the phenomena of cutter ring fracture and eccentric wear are caused; and when the abrasion loss of the side cutter reaches the design abrasion loss of the side cutter, mounting a second cushion block on the side cutter, enabling the cutting edge to reach the designed excavation radius position again, continuing abrasion, and removing the side cutter and mounting a new side cutter when the abrasion loss of the side cutter reaches the accumulated abrasion loss of the side cutter after multiple adjustments. The use method of the invention greatly improves the utilization rate of the cutter, reduces the cost of the cutter and improves the effective tunneling time.
In the invention, after the abrasion loss of different cutter positions reaches a certain standard, the replacement treatment is needed, a face cutter refers to a cutter arranged on the inner side of a cutter disc along the radial direction, the face cutter belongs to a non-channel-opening cutter, and the excavation diameter is not influenced after the face cutter reaches a certain abrasion loss; the side cutter is a cutter arranged on the outer edge of the cutter head, belongs to a channel opening cutter and influences the excavation diameter after reaching a certain abrasion loss. The design wear loss of the side cutter refers to the wear loss of the side cutter reaching a certain wear loss but not reaching the accumulated wear loss of the side cutter needing to be removed and replaced, at the moment, the wear of the side cutter can influence the excavation diameter, the construction method provided by the invention is adopted to continuously enable the side cutter to work without influencing the use of the side cutter, and finally when the wear loss of the side cutter reaches the accumulated wear loss of the side cutter after the side cutter is adjusted through the second cushion block, the worn side cutter is removed, and a new side cutter is installed.
Further, the designed abrasion loss of the dough cutter is 20-30mm, the designed abrasion loss of the edge cutter is 5-10mm, and the accumulated abrasion loss of the edge cutter is 20-30 mm.
Further, the thickness of the first cushion block is 5-15mm, and the first cushion block is a steel plate, preferably a high-strength steel plate such as Q460 steel.
Further, in step S2, the detailed steps of mounting the first spacer on the adjacent dough blade are: the method comprises the steps of taking out a bridging block and a bridging block bolt by using an air cannon or a spanner, rotating the wedge block bolt, adjusting the length of the wedge block bolt, prying a face cutter to the direction of an excavation face by using a crowbar to form a gap behind the bridging block, inserting a first cushion block into a cushion block area, installing the bridging block and the bridging block bolt, screwing a fixing bolt and screwing the wedge block bolt.
Further, the thickness of the second cushion block is 5-10mm, and the second cushion block is a steel plate, preferably a high-strength steel plate such as Q460 steel.
Further, in step S2, the detailed steps of mounting the second pad block on the edge blade are as follows: and taking out the bridging block and the bridging block bolt by using an air gun or a spanner, rotating the wedge block bolt, adjusting the length of the wedge block bolt, prying the edge cutter to the direction of the excavation surface by using a crowbar to form a gap at the rear part of the bridging block, inserting the second cushion block into the cushion block area, installing the bridging block and the bridging block bolt, tightening the fixing bolt and tightening the wedge block bolt.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the tool can be replaced after being worn sufficiently by installing the first cushion block or the second cushion block, so that the tool consumption cost is reduced, the replacement time of the warehousing tool is shortened, and the effective tunneling time is prolonged; when the face cutters use the first cushion blocks, the height difference between the adjacent face cutters can be effectively reduced, the phenomena of eccentric wear, blade cracking and the like of the cutters in the using process are reduced, meanwhile, the face surface can achieve the uniform excavation effect, and the tunneling efficiency is effectively improved.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a front view of a cutter head in embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a dough knife in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a noodle cutter in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of a noodle cutter in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a first spacer block in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a first spacer in example 1 of the present invention;
the labels in the figure are: 1-cutter head, 11-hob, 12-cutter box, 13-wedge, 14-bridging block, 15-first cushion block, 16-bridging block bolt and 17-wedge bolt.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to test examples and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, in a TBM cutter head 1, a face cutter and a side cutter are arranged on the cutter head 1, the face cutter is arranged inside the cutter head 1 along the radial direction, and the side cutter is arranged at the outer edge of the cutter head. For the face cutter or the side cutter, the abrasion loss of cutters at different cutter positions reaches a certain standard and then needs to be replaced, the face cutter needs to be detached and replaced when the abrasion loss reaches 20-30mm, and for the side cutter, the design abrasion loss of the side cutter needs to be adjusted when the effective excavation diameter of a tunnel is considered, so that the phenomenon that the excavation hole is shortened and the phenomenon of blocking is caused can be avoided.
A construction method for improving the utilization rate of TBM or shield tunneling machine cutters comprises the following steps:
s1, periodically measuring the abrasion of the cutter in the use process of the cutter;
s2, when the wear loss of the dough knives reaches the design wear loss of the dough knives, removing the worn dough knives and installing new dough knives, then measuring the wear loss of the dough knives adjacent to the new dough knives, and installing first cushion blocks on the adjacent dough knives according to the height difference between the new dough knives and the adjacent dough knives to ensure that the height difference between the new dough knives and the adjacent dough knives is not more than 5 mm; when the abrasion loss of the side cutter reaches the design abrasion loss of the side cutter, a second cushion block is arranged on the side cutter, the cutting edge of the side cutter is adjusted to reach the designed excavation radius position, and when the abrasion loss of the side cutter reaches the accumulated abrasion loss of the side cutter, the abraded side cutter is detached and a new side cutter is arranged.
Before the construction method is adopted, the equipment is stopped, the shield body is retreated by 20-50mm in a mode of recovering the pushing oil cylinder after the soil bin is pressurized, the shield body can also be recovered in a mode of recovering the connecting oil cylinder, after the shield body is recovered, the cutter bin is cleaned firstly, the abrasion loss of cutters at different cutter positions is accurately measured, the thickness of the first cushion block or the second cushion block is determined, and then construction is started.
As shown in fig. 2-4, the dough knives mounted with the first cushion block 15, the height of the hob 11 is raised by the dough knives mounted with the first cushion block 15, the height difference between the adjacent dough knives is not more than 5mm, and the detailed steps of mounting the first cushion block 15 on the dough knives are as follows: the bridge connection block 14 and the bridge connection block bolt 16 are taken out by a wind cannon or a spanner, the wedge bolt 17 is rotated, the length of the wedge bolt 17 is adjusted, the wedge bolt 17 drives the wedge block 13 to move, a face cutter in the cutter box 12 is pried towards the direction of an excavation face by a crowbar, a gap is formed behind the position of the face cutter bridge connection block 14, a cushion block area can be formed in the gap, the first cushion block 15 is inserted into the cushion block area, the bridge connection block 14 and the bridge connection block bolt 16 are installed and the fixing bolt is screwed, the wedge bolt 17 is screwed, the face cutter is fixed firmly, and the installation of the first cushion block 15 is completed. In the process of adjusting the length of the wedge bolt 17, the adjusted length is about 2-5mm larger than the thickness of the first cushion block 15, so that the first cushion block 15 is convenient to mount.
The detailed steps of installing the second cushion block on the edge cutter are as follows: the bridge connection block and the bridge connection block bolt are taken out by a wind cannon or a spanner, the wedge bolt is rotated, the length of the wedge bolt is adjusted, a side cutter is pried to the direction of an excavation face by a crowbar, a gap is formed behind the bridge connection block, a second cushion block is inserted into a cushion block area, the bridge connection block bolt is installed, the fixing bolt is screwed, and the wedge bolt is screwed. And after the second cushion block is installed and adjusted, the side cutter is used for continuing abrasion after the excavation radius is not smaller than the designed radius by 10 mm.
Further, the thickness of the first cushion block 15 is 5-15mm, and the first cushion block 15 is a high-strength steel plate; the thickness of the second cushion block is 5-10mm, and the second cushion block is a high-strength steel plate. In this embodiment, the first head block and the second head block have the outer shapes shown in FIGS. 5-6. In the practical application process, the first cushion block 15 is designed to have different thicknesses of 5mm, 7.5mm and 10mm, the second cushion block is designed to have different thicknesses of 5mm, 7.5mm, 10mm, 12.5mm and 15mm, and the design is combined with the knife box structure according to the requirements of a dough knife or an edge knife and the size adjustment in the using process, so that the requirements are met through selective use.
In the construction engineering of adjusting the cutters, the cutters at different cutter positions are adjusted one by one, after all the cutters are adjusted, the warehouse entry operation tools are cleaned, the cabin door is closed, and normal tunneling is recovered. According to the invention, the cutter can be replaced after being worn sufficiently through the installation of the first cushion block or the second cushion block, so that the cutter consumption cost is reduced, the replacement time of the warehousing cutter is shortened, and the effective tunneling time is prolonged.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A construction method for improving the utilization rate of TBM or shield tunneling machine cutters is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, regularly measuring the abrasion loss of the cutter in the use process of the cutter;
s2, when the wear loss of the dough knives reaches the design wear loss of the dough knives, removing the worn dough knives and installing new dough knives, then measuring the wear loss of the dough knives adjacent to the new dough knives, and installing first cushion blocks on the adjacent dough knives according to the height difference between the new dough knives and the adjacent dough knives to ensure that the height difference between the knives does not exceed 5 mm; when the abrasion loss of the side cutter reaches the design abrasion loss of the side cutter, a second cushion block is arranged on the side cutter, the cutting edge of the side cutter is adjusted to reach the designed excavation radius position, and when the abrasion loss of the side cutter reaches the accumulated abrasion loss of the side cutter, the abraded side cutter is removed and a new side cutter is arranged;
the detailed steps of mounting the first cushion block on the adjacent dough knives are as follows: taking out the bridging block and the bridging block bolt by using an air gun or a spanner, rotating the wedge block bolt, adjusting the length of the wedge block bolt, prying a face cutter towards the direction of an excavation face by using a crowbar to form a gap behind the bridging block, inserting a first cushion block into a cushion block area, installing the bridging block bolt, tightening a fixing bolt and tightening the wedge block bolt;
the detailed steps of installing the second cushion block on the edge cutter are as follows: and taking out the bridging block and the bridging block bolt by using an air cannon or a spanner, rotating the wedge block bolt, adjusting the length of the wedge block bolt, prying the edge cutter to the direction of the excavation surface by using a crowbar to form a gap behind the bridging block, inserting a second cushion block into the cushion block area, installing the bridging block bolt, tightening a fixing bolt and tightening the wedge block bolt.
2. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the designed wear amount of the face cutter is 20-30mm, the designed wear amount of the side cutter is 5-10mm, and the accumulated wear amount of the side cutter is 20-30 mm.
3. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first spacer is 5-15mm, and the first spacer is a high-strength steel plate.
4. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the second spacer block is 5-10mm, and the second spacer block is a high-strength steel plate.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110150338.5A CN112922618B (en) | 2021-02-03 | 2021-02-03 | Construction method for improving utilization rate of TBM or shield tunneling machine cutter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110150338.5A CN112922618B (en) | 2021-02-03 | 2021-02-03 | Construction method for improving utilization rate of TBM or shield tunneling machine cutter |
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| CN112922618A CN112922618A (en) | 2021-06-08 |
| CN112922618B true CN112922618B (en) | 2022-08-30 |
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| CN112922618A (en) | 2021-06-08 |
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