CN112921318B - Ultrathin metal material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Ultrathin metal material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112921318B
CN112921318B CN201911243717.8A CN201911243717A CN112921318B CN 112921318 B CN112921318 B CN 112921318B CN 201911243717 A CN201911243717 A CN 201911243717A CN 112921318 B CN112921318 B CN 112921318B
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metal
substrate
film layer
alloy
ultrathin
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CN112921318A (en
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杨树斌
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Beihang University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
    • C22C18/02—Alloys based on zinc with copper as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C24/00—Alloys based on an alkali or an alkaline earth metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent

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Abstract

The invention discloses an ultrathin metal material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: a heating step: heating and melting a mixture of metal or alloy and an additive component in an inert gas environment to obtain mixed molten slurry; covering and loading: coating the mixed molten slurry on a substrate to form a thin film layer; and (3) curing: the thin film layer is cooled and solidified on the substrate to form a solid metal layer, and the ultrathin metal material is obtained; wherein the additive components comprise: an inorganic material having a halogen functional group on the surface thereof, and/or an inorganic material capable of being compatible with a liquid metal or an alloy. The preparation method of the invention adds the additive components into the molten metal or alloy, so that the molten metal or alloy has gel-like viscosity, can extend on the surface of the substrate and form a thin film layer with controllable thickness, and the ultrathin metal material is obtained after the metal thin film layer is cooled and solidified on the surface of the substrate.

Description

Ultrathin metal material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal material processing, and particularly relates to an ultrathin metal material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The most common technique for industrially producing ultrathin metals is to make a metal thin film by repeating mechanical rolling using ductility of a metal material, and further, chemical vapor deposition, magnetron sputtering, electroplating, chemical plating, metal melt film formation, and the like are used. Among them, the metal melting film forming method cannot find a suitable substrate for spreading a film on the surface because the liquid metal generally has a large surface tension. The surface tension of metal can be reduced to a certain extent by doping alloy elements, but the formed liquid metal is difficult to obtain a thin film layer with controllable thickness, and a metal film is formed by changing the bonding force between molten metal and the surface of a substrate through a substrate surface coating, but the thickness of the formed film of the molten metal cannot be controlled by the method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of an ultrathin metal material, aiming at the technical problem that when an ultrathin metal is prepared by a melting method, the molten metal has high surface tension and is difficult to form a thin film layer with controllable thickness on the surface of a substrate, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
a heating step: heating and melting a mixture of metal or alloy and an additive component in an inert gas environment to obtain mixed molten slurry;
covering and loading: coating the mixed molten slurry on a substrate to form a thin film layer;
and (3) curing: the thin film layer is cooled and solidified on the substrate to form a solid metal layer, and the ultrathin metal material is obtained;
wherein the additive components comprise: an inorganic material having a halogen functional group on the surface thereof, and/or an inorganic material capable of being compatible with a liquid metal or an alloy.
In some embodiments, the metal or alloy comprises one or more of Li, Na, K, Mg, Al, Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn, In, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Au, Cd, Hg, Ga, Tl, Ge, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, S, Se, or Te.
In some embodiments, the inorganic material having a surface containing a functional group of a halogen element has a two-dimensional or layered structure comprising one or more of a transition metal nitride, a transition metal carbide, a transition metal carbonitride, graphene, or a graphite sheet; the halogen element functional group comprises one or more of-F, -Cl, -Br or-I; the inorganic material capable of interacting with the liquid metal or alloy includes one or more of a metal oxide, a carbon material, or a transition metal chalcogenide.
In some embodiments, further comprising the step of:
removing: and removing the substrate to obtain the ultrathin metal material.
In some embodiments, the substrate is a solid or a material with a porous structure, and the metal layer is loaded on the surface of the substrate and/or filled in the pores of the porous structure.
In some embodiments, the substrate is in the form of a sheet, plate, film, tape, or foil.
In some embodiments, the metal layer has a thickness between 1 μm and 100 μm.
In some embodiments, the mass content of the additive component in the metal layer is between 0.01 wt.% and 50 wt.%.
In another aspect of the invention, the ultrathin metal material prepared by the preparation method is also included.
In still another aspect, the present invention further includes a use of a metallic material additive for preparing an ultra-thin metallic material, the metallic material additive comprising: one or more of transition metal nitride, transition metal carbide, transition metal carbonitride, graphene or graphite sheet having a two-dimensional or layered structure and containing a halogen functional group on the surface; the halogen element functional group comprises one or more of-F, -Cl, -Br or-I.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that the additive components are added into the liquid metal or the alloy, on one hand, the additive components can enter the liquid metal or the alloy and be uniformly dispersed, the surface tension of the liquid metal or the alloy is reduced, and the liquid metal or the alloy can be infiltrated and compatible with the surface of the matrix, on the other hand, the additive components can also change the fluid property of the liquid metal or the alloy, so that the liquid metal or the alloy has the viscosity similar to gel, can be expanded on the surface of the matrix and form a thin film layer with controllable thickness, and after the metal thin film layer is cooled and solidified on the surface of the matrix, the ultrathin metal material can be obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method for manufacturing an ultra-thin metal material according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of the method for manufacturing an ultra-thin metallic material according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of an ultra-thin metallic lithium material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Symbolic illustration in the drawings:
s101 to S108 are executed.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described below by way of specific examples. It is to be understood that one or more of the steps mentioned in the present invention does not exclude the presence of other methods or steps before or after the combined steps, or that other methods or steps may be inserted between the explicitly mentioned steps. It should also be understood that these examples are intended only to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise indicated, the numbering of the method steps is only for the purpose of identifying the method steps, and is not intended to limit the arrangement order of each method or the scope of the implementation of the present invention, and changes or modifications of the relative relationship thereof may be regarded as the scope of the implementation of the present invention without substantial technical change.
The raw materials and apparatuses used in the examples are not particularly limited in their sources, and may be purchased from the market or prepared according to a conventional method well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
This example provides an implementation manner of manufacturing an ultrathin metal material, as shown in fig. 1, including the steps of:
a heating step S101: heating and melting the metal or the alloy in an inert gas environment to obtain liquid metal or alloy;
mixing step S102: adding the additive components into the liquid metal or the alloy, and mixing and dispersing to obtain mixed molten slurry;
an overlay step S103: coating the mixed molten slurry on a substrate to form a thin film layer;
a curing step S104: and after the thin film layer is cooled and solidified, obtaining the ultrathin metal material.
Example 2
This example provides another embodiment of the method for preparing an ultrathin metal material, as shown in fig. 2, including the steps of:
mixing step S105: physically mixing the metal or alloy and the additive component in an inert gas environment to obtain a mixture;
heating step S106: heating the mixture until the metal or the alloy is molten to obtain mixed molten slurry;
an overlay step S107: coating the mixed molten slurry on a substrate to form a thin film layer;
a curing step S108: and after the thin film layer is cooled and solidified, obtaining the ultrathin metal material.
After the ultra-thin metal material obtained in examples 1 and 2, the method may further comprise a removing step: and removing the substrate to obtain the ultrathin metal material.
In examples 1 and 2, the metal or alloy includes one or more of Li, Na, K, Mg, Al, Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn, In, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Au, Cd, Hg, Ga, Tl, Ge, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, S, Se, or Te; the additive components comprise: an inorganic material having a halogen functional group on the surface thereof, and/or an inorganic material capable of being compatible with a liquid metal or an alloy. Preferably, the inorganic material containing a functional group of a halogen element has a two-dimensional or layered structure comprising: the material with two-dimensional or laminated structure has the advantages of high specific surface area, capability of bonding with metal by more functional groups and electric conductivity; the halogen element functional group comprises one or more of-F, -Cl, -Br or-I; wherein, transition metal nitride, transition metal carbide and transition metal carbonitride with two-dimensional structure are also called MXenes material, and the chemical general formula can be Mn+1XnTzWherein M denotes a transition metal (e.g., Ti, Mo, W, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Sc, etc.), X denotes a C and/or N element, N is generally 1 to 3, and T iszRefers to surface functional groups. Currently, MXenes are mainly obtained by extracting weakly bonded A site elements (such as Al atoms) in a MAX phase through HF acid or a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and fluoride, and the surface of the obtained MXenes after treatment contains-F or Cl functional groups. The MXenes material has the characteristics of high specific surface area and high conductivity of graphene. The inorganic material capable of being compatible with the liquid metal or alloy comprises one or more of a metal oxide, a carbon material or a transition metal chalcogenide; preferably, the metal oxide includes one or more of zinc oxide, copper oxide, silver oxide, the carbon material includes graphene, graphite, graphitized carbon material, and graphite-like material having a graphite interlayer structure, and the transition metal chalcogenide includes MoS2、MoSe2、MoTe2、TiS2、TiSe2、WS2、WSe2、WTe2And the like.
The halogen functional group on the surface of the inorganic material can be bonded with the liquid metal, so that the surface tension of the liquid metal or the alloy is reduced, the inorganic material can enter the liquid metal or the alloy to be mixed and dispersed, and the obtained mixed molten slurry shows a gel-like state with viscosity. The surface tension of the liquid metal or the alloy can be reduced as same as that of the liquid metal or the alloy, and the gel-like mixed molten slurry with viscosity is obtained. The mixed molten slurry in the gel state can be spread on the surface of a substrate without pretreatment, and due to the viscosity of the mixed molten slurry, a thin film layer with controllable thickness can be formed on the surface of the substrate in a slurry hanging manner, and after the thin film layer is cooled and solidified on the surface of the substrate, the ultrathin metal material can be obtained.
According to the invention, the thickness of the metal layer in the ultrathin metal material can be regulated and controlled, the thin film layer formed by blade coating can be further scraped by using a scraper, the effect of thinning the thin film layer can be achieved, and the metal layer with the thickness ranging from 1 to 100 micrometers can be obtained after the thin film layer is cooled and solidified. Or after the curing step, the surface of the cured metal layer is coated with the mixed molten slurry to form a new thin film layer, and after the new thin film layer is cured, the coating and curing operations are repeated, so that the thickness of the metal layer can be regulated and controlled. Of course, the method for regulating the metal layer is not limited to this, and the viscosity of the mixed slurry can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of the added components, so as to select a suitable method to regulate the thickness of the thin film layer, and preferably, the mass content of the added components added to the liquid metal or alloy is between 0.01 wt.% and 50 wt.%, and the ultrathin metal material with controllable thickness is obtained by controlling the thickness of the thin film layer. Therefore, the preparation method of the ultrathin metal material makes up the technical problem that the metal material with the diameter of less than 100 microns is difficult to prepare in the prior art, and the ultrathin metal material is prepared by a coating method, is simple and easy to implement and is not limited by area, and can be obtained in a large-size range.
The inert gas includes argon, nitrogen or helium, and argon is preferable in terms of cost preference. The mixed molten slurry obtained by the invention has low surface tension, can be coated and carried on a substrate made of metal, ceramic or polymer materials to form a film, wherein the substrate can be solid or materials with a gap structure, and the mixed molten slurry is coated and carried on the surface of the substrate and/or filled between the gaps, and is cooled and solidified to obtain the ultrathin metal material.
Example 3
In this example, metallic lithium was used, and titanium carbide (Ti) having a-F functional group as an additive component3C2F) The preparation method of the ultrathin metal material of the invention is explained, comprising the following steps:
a heating step: in an argon (the purity is more than 99.999 percent), adding 400mg of lithium metal blocks into a stainless steel pot, heating to 200 ℃, and melting the lithium metal blocks into liquid;
mixing: keeping the heating temperature, adding 40mg of metal magnesium sheet into the liquid metal lithium, and then adding 50mg of Ti3C2F, stirring and mixing, melting the metal magnesium sheet to form liquid lithium magnesium alloy, and continuously stirring for about 30min to obtain Ti3C2F, uniformly dispersing to obtain gel-like mixed lithium slurry;
covering and loading: uniformly coating the mixed lithium slurry on a copper foil with the thickness of 12 mu m, and spreading the mixed lithium slurry on the surface of the copper foil to form a thin film layer;
and (3) curing: and cooling the thin film layer to room temperature, solidifying the thin film layer on the surface of the copper foil to form a solid metal lithium layer to obtain the ultrathin metal lithium material, wherein a scanning electron microscope photo of the ultrathin metal lithium material is shown in figure 3, and the metal lithium layer uniformly covers the surface of the copper foil and has the thickness of about 8 microns. The thickness of the metal lithium layer obtained by further thinning the thin film layer formed by blade coating can be regulated and controlled by increasing the thickness of the metal lithium layer through repeated coating and curing steps.
Example 4
In this example, metallic lithium was used, and titanium carbide (Ti) having a-F functional group as an additive component3C2F) Another embodiment of the method for preparing an ultra-thin metal material of the present invention is provided, which includes the steps of:
mixingThe method comprises the following steps: in an argon atmosphere (purity greater than 99.999%), 600mg of metallic lithium and 10mg of Ti are added3C2F and 10mg of graphite flakes are repeatedly rolled and mixed to obtain a mixture;
a heating step: adding the mixture into a stainless steel pot, and heating to 250 ℃ until the mixture is melted into a liquid state to obtain mixed lithium slurry;
covering and loading: pulling a stainless steel belt with the thickness of 12 mu m in the mixed lithium slurry, and uniformly spreading the mixed lithium slurry on the surface of the copper belt to form a film so as to form a film layer;
and (3) curing: and cooling the film layer to room temperature, and solidifying the film layer on the surface of the copper strip to form a solid metal lithium layer so as to obtain the ultrathin metal lithium material.
The following table shows the preparation methods using the above-mentioned examples 3 and 4 by taking metallic lithium as an example, and the component formulas implemented by several groups in which the kinds and addition amounts of the components can be changed to obtain the ultra-thin metallic material of the present invention, but it should be understood that the examples are only used for explaining the preparation method of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention, in which the formulas and components are optimally adjusted by those skilled in the art according to the preparation method of the present invention, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Figure BDA0002306952940000061
Example 5
In this example, metallic sodium was added as Mo2TiC2And fluorinated carbon nanotubes, illustrating the preparation method of the ultrathin metallic material of the invention, comprising the steps of:
a heating step: in an argon (the purity is more than 99.999 percent), adding 400mg of metal sodium blocks into a stainless steel pot, heating to 100 ℃, and melting the metal sodium blocks into liquid;
mixing: maintaining the heating temperature, adding 100mg of Mo containing-F functional group into the liquid metal sodium2TiC2Mixing with 50mg of carbon fluoride nano tube, stirring and mixing to obtain mixed sodium slurry in a gel-like state;
covering and loading: uniformly coating the mixed sodium slurry on a polypropylene film, and spreading the mixed sodium slurry on the surface of the polypropylene film to form a film layer;
and (3) curing: and cooling the film layer to room temperature, and solidifying the film layer on the surface of the polypropylene film to form a solid metal sodium layer to obtain the ultrathin metal sodium material.
And placing the obtained ultrathin metal sodium material in an organic solution which can dissolve the polypropylene film and does not react with metal sodium, and soaking and dissolving the polypropylene film to obtain the ultrathin metal sodium material.
Example 6
This example illustrates a method for preparing an ultra-thin metal material according to the present invention, using a copper-nickel alloy (Ni contains 25%), including the steps of:
a heating step: in an argon (the purity is more than 99.999 percent), 500mg of copper-nickel alloy is added into a melting furnace and heated to 950 ℃ so that the copper-nickel alloy is melted into liquid;
mixing: keeping the heating temperature, adding 100mg of Ti containing-F functional group into the liquid copper-nickel alloy2C, stirring and mixing to obtain mixed molten slurry in a gel-like state;
covering and loading: uniformly coating the mixed molten slurry on the ceramic material, and spreading the mixed molten slurry on the surface of the ceramic to form a thin film layer;
and (3) curing: and cooling the film layer to room temperature, and solidifying the film layer on the ceramic surface to form a solid metal layer to obtain the ultrathin metal copper material.
Example 7
In this embodiment, a method for preparing an ultrathin metal material according to the present invention is described, in which metal zinc is taken as an example, and an additive component is copper oxide powder, and the method includes the steps of:
a heating step: in an argon (the purity is more than 99.999 percent), adding 400mg of metal zinc blocks into a stainless steel pot, heating to 500 ℃, and melting the metal zinc blocks into liquid;
mixing: keeping the heating temperature, adding 4mg of metal aluminum sheet into liquid metal zinc, then adding 200mg of copper oxide powder, stirring and mixing, melting the metal aluminum sheet to form liquid zinc-aluminum alloy, and uniformly dispersing the copper oxide powder to obtain mixed zinc slurry in a gel-like state;
covering and loading: uniformly coating the mixed zinc slurry on the nickel foil, and spreading the mixed zinc slurry on the surface of the nickel foil to form a film layer;
and (3) curing: and cooling the film layer to room temperature, and solidifying the film layer on the surface of the nickel foil to form a solid metal layer to obtain the ultrathin metal zinc material.
Example 8
In this embodiment, taking metal potassium as an example, the additive components are fluorinated graphene and fluorinated carbon nanotube, and the method for preparing the ultrathin metal material of the present invention is described, including the steps of:
a heating step: in an argon (the purity is more than 99.999 percent), 400mg of metal potassium blocks are added into a stainless steel pot and heated to 100 ℃ to melt the metal potassium blocks into liquid;
mixing: keeping the heating temperature, adding 200mg of fluorinated graphene and 200g of carbon fluoride nanotubes into liquid metal potassium, stirring and mixing to uniformly disperse the fluorinated graphene and the carbon fluoride nanotubes to obtain gel-like mixed potassium slurry;
covering and loading: uniformly coating the mixed potassium slurry on a stainless steel sheet, and spreading the mixed potassium slurry on the surface of the stainless steel sheet to form a film layer;
and (3) curing: and cooling the film layer to room temperature, and solidifying the film layer on the surface of the stainless steel sheet to form a solid metal layer to obtain the ultrathin metal potassium material.
Example 9
The present embodiment takes metal aluminum as an example to illustrate a method for preparing an ultra-thin metal material of the present invention, which comprises the steps of:
a heating step: in an argon (the purity is more than 99.999 percent), adding 400mg of metal aluminum blocks into a stainless steel pot, heating to 680 ℃, and melting the metal potassium aluminum blocks into liquid;
mixing: maintaining the heating temperature, adding 100mg of magnesium metal flake to the liquid aluminum metal, and adding 50mg of titanium carbide (Ti) containing chlorine functional group3C2Cl) and 20mg MoS2Stirring and mixing the nano-sheets, melting the metal magnesium sheet to form liquid aluminum magnesium alloy, and continuously stirring for about 30min to obtain Ti3C2Cl and MoS2Uniformly dispersing the nanosheets to obtain gel-like mixed aluminum paste;
covering and loading: uniformly coating the mixed aluminum paste on a stainless steel sheet, and spreading the mixed aluminum paste on the surface of the stainless steel sheet to form a film layer;
and (3) curing: and cooling the film layer to room temperature, and solidifying the film layer on the surface of the stainless steel sheet to form a solid metal layer to obtain the ultrathin metallic aluminum material.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, but rather, all equivalent variations on the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of an ultrathin metal material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a heating step: heating and melting a mixture of metal or alloy and an additive component in an inert gas environment to obtain mixed molten slurry;
covering and loading: coating the mixed molten slurry on a substrate to form a thin film layer;
and (3) curing: the thin film layer is cooled and solidified on the substrate to form a solid metal layer, and the ultrathin metal material is obtained;
wherein the additive components comprise: graphene or MXenes having a halogen functional group on the surface.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal or alloy comprises one or more of Li, Na, K, Mg, Al, Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn, In, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Au, Cd, Hg, Ga, Tl, Ge, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, S, Se, or Te.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the halogen functional group comprises one or more of-F, -Cl, -Br, or-I.
4. The method for preparing an ultra-thin metallic material as recited in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
removing: and removing the substrate to obtain the ultrathin metal material.
5. The method for preparing an ultra-thin metallic material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the substrate is a solid body or a material having a porous structure, and the metallic layer is loaded on the surface of the substrate and/or filled in the pores of the porous structure.
6. The method for preparing an ultra-thin metallic material as recited in claim 5, wherein the substrate is in a shape of a sheet, a plate, a film, a tape, or a foil.
7. The method for preparing an ultra-thin metallic material as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thickness of the metallic layer is between 1 μm and 100 μm.
8. The method of producing an ultrathin metallic material as recited in any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a mass content of the additive component in the metallic layer is between 0.01 wt.% and 50 wt.%.
9. An ultra-thin metal material produced by the method for producing an ultra-thin metal material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of a metallic material additive for the preparation of an ultra-thin metallic material as claimed in claim 9, wherein the metallic material additive comprises: contains graphene or MXenes with halogen element functional groups on the surface.
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