CN112920821A - Horizontal biomass rapid pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method thereof - Google Patents
Horizontal biomass rapid pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112920821A CN112920821A CN202110087898.0A CN202110087898A CN112920821A CN 112920821 A CN112920821 A CN 112920821A CN 202110087898 A CN202110087898 A CN 202110087898A CN 112920821 A CN112920821 A CN 112920821A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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Abstract
The invention discloses a horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis device, which comprises a horizontal furnace tube and a heating furnace, wherein the heating furnace is arranged on the outer end surface of the horizontal furnace tube and is used for heating the horizontal furnace tube; the heating furnace can reciprocate along the length direction of the horizontal furnace tube; one end of the horizontal furnace tube is sealed by a flange plate, and the other end of the horizontal furnace tube is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet; a material box which can reciprocate along the length direction of the horizontal furnace tube is arranged in the horizontal furnace tube. The device of the invention arranges the movable heating furnace on the existing furnace body, can realize the partial heating of the furnace tube, and after the furnace tube is partially heated to a certain temperature, the heating furnace is moved to the material box, thereby realizing the rapid heating. The movable material box is arranged, so that the problem that the existing horizontal pyrolysis biomass material is directly contacted with the furnace body is solved, and the corrosive effect of the corrosive biomass material on the furnace body is prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass fast pyrolysis, and particularly relates to a horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis device and method.
Background
With the exhaustion of traditional fossil energy and increasingly serious environmental problems, new energy gradually draws wide attention of society. The biomass energy is one of new energy sources, has small pollution and wide sources, can be converted into various energy products, and has the prospect of replacing fossil energy. Therefore, the utilization technology of biomass is attracting more and more attention. The biomass fast pyrolysis is a technology for biomass utilization, and refers to a method for generating three energy products, namely pyrolysis oil, biochar and pyrolysis gas, by fast heating under the condition of oxygen isolation or low oxygen. At present, the fast pyrolysis of biomass is a research hotspot in the field of biomass clean utilization due to simple operation and low cost.
The horizontal device is one of the most common biomass fast pyrolysis devices, and the most common design at present is to heat the furnace body first and then push materials through a material pushing device or realize through special structures such as a rotating structure and an inclined structure.
At present, the biomass or plastic fixed bed is pyrolyzed, materials are put into a furnace tube and then heated, and only a slow pyrolysis process can be realized due to the time required for heating.
If the furnace tube is heated to a fixed value and then materials are put in, air is easy to mix, and the control of specific gas cannot be realized.
The feeding modes inevitably cause the biomass material to be in direct contact with the device main body, and some corrosive biomass can directly corrode the furnace body, such as municipal sludge waste or biomass pretreated by acid and alkali.
Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing equipment, develop a pyrolysis device in which the biomass material is not directly contacted with the furnace body, reduce the labor force, and realize semi-automation.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis device and a pyrolysis method thereof, wherein the horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis device can realize fast pyrolysis and simultaneously avoid air mixing into a furnace tube.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis device comprises a horizontal furnace tube and a heating furnace arranged on the outer end face of the horizontal furnace tube and used for heating the horizontal furnace tube; the heating furnace can reciprocate along the length direction of the horizontal furnace tube;
one end of the horizontal furnace tube is sealed by a flange plate, and the other end of the horizontal furnace tube is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet; the horizontal furnace tube is internally provided with a material box which can reciprocate along the length direction of the horizontal furnace tube.
Furthermore, the horizontal furnace tube comprises a preheating section and a quick heating section, and the effective heating range of the heating furnace is the same as the lengths of the tube bodies of the preheating section and the quick heating section.
Furthermore, the heating furnace is arranged on the heating furnace moving guide rail, and the heating furnace is controlled to move left and right along the heating furnace moving guide rail through the electric control device.
Further, a push rod is arranged on one side, close to the flange, of the material box; the push rod penetrates through the flange plate to be connected with the material box traction block.
Further, a particle dust remover is arranged at the outlet end of the pyrolysis gas of the horizontal furnace tube, and the outlet of the particle dust remover is connected with the inlet of the first-stage condensing tower; the outlet of the first-stage condensing tower is connected with the inlet of the second-stage condensing tower, and the outlet of the second-stage condensing tower is connected with the pyrolysis gas collecting device.
Further, the flange plate comprises an inner plate flange and an outer plate flange.
Furthermore, a silicon-aluminum cotton layer and a biochar layer are arranged in the particle dust collector, and a metal interlayer with a pore structure is arranged between the silicon-aluminum cotton layer and the biochar layer.
The invention also discloses a method for quickly pyrolyzing the horizontal biomass, which comprises the steps of opening a flange plate for sealing the horizontal furnace tube, and pushing the material box into the quick heating section of the horizontal furnace tube after the biomass material is placed in the material box; sealing the horizontal furnace tube by using a flange plate, and introducing carrier gas;
moving the heating furnace to a preheating section of the horizontal furnace tube, introducing carrier gas, preheating the heating furnace, controlling the heating furnace to move to a quick heating section of the horizontal furnace tube when the heating furnace is heated to a specified temperature and is stable, and quickly pyrolyzing the biomass material;
after pyrolysis is finished, closing the heating furnace, and moving the heating furnace to a preheating section again; and after the horizontal furnace tube fast heating section 112 is cooled, closing the carrier gas, opening the flange plate, taking out the material box, and collecting the biochar in the material box.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the device of the invention arranges the movable heating furnace on the existing furnace body, can realize the partial heating of the furnace tube, and after the furnace tube is partially heated to a certain temperature, the heating furnace is moved to the material box, thereby realizing the rapid heating. The movable material box is arranged, so that the problem that the existing horizontal pyrolysis biomass material is directly contacted with the furnace body is solved, and the corrosion of the corrosive biomass material to the furnace body is prevented.
2. The horizontal furnace tube is provided with the preheating section and the fast heating section, the horizontal furnace tube is preheated through the preheating section, after preheating is completed, the heating furnace is moved to the fast heating section, fast pyrolysis on materials in the material box is achieved, the materials in the material box are prevented from being slowly heated, and meanwhile, in the heating process, opening of the cabin is not needed, and air can be prevented from entering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of a horizontal furnace tube in the horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis device with a heating furnace in a preheating section;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a heating furnace in a fast heating section in the horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis device according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a particle dust collector in the horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis device.
In the figure: 1-temperature and flow program control equipment; 2-a support cabinet; 3-a slide rail controller; 4-a slide rail; 5-a push rod; 6-a flange plate; 7-a flow meter; 8-a thermometer; 9-heating the furnace; 10-a material box; 11-horizontal furnace tube; 111-preheating section; 112-a rapid heating section; 12-a particle precipitator; 121-a silicon aluminum cotton layer; 122-activated carbon layer; 123-metal separator; 13-a first stage condensation column; 14-a second stage condensation column; 15-an electric control device; 16-a heating furnace moving guide rail; 17-horizontal furnace tube support frame.
Detailed Description
For the understanding of the present invention, the following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-5, wherein the direction of the arrows is the direction of carrier gas flow; the horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis device comprises a horizontal furnace tube 11 and a heating furnace 9 which is arranged on the outer end face of the horizontal furnace tube 11 and used for heating the horizontal furnace tube 11; the heating furnace 9 can reciprocate along the length direction of the horizontal furnace tube 11;
one end of the horizontal furnace tube 11 is sealed by a flange 6, and the other end is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet; a material box 10 which can reciprocate along the length direction of the horizontal furnace tube 11 is arranged in the horizontal furnace tube 11. The horizontal furnace tube 11 comprises a preheating section 111 and a quick heating section 112, and the effective heating range of the heating furnace 9 is the same as the tube lengths of the preheating section 111 and the quick heating section 112.
The heating furnace 9 is mounted on a heating furnace moving guide rail 16, and the electric control device 15 controls the heating furnace 9 to move left and right along the heating furnace moving guide rail 16.
A push rod 5 is arranged on one side of the material box 10 close to the flange 6; the push rod 5 passes through the flange 6 and is connected with the material box traction block 4.
Specifically, the device can be divided into an electric heating furnace system, a horizontal reactor system, a temperature and flow control system, a condensation system and a support system;
the electric heating furnace system belongs to a heat supply part of the device and is a main structure for realizing semi-automatic rapid pyrolysis of biomass materials;
comprises a heating furnace 9, an electric control device 15 and a heating furnace moving guide rail 16; the heating furnace 9 is arranged on a heating furnace moving guide rail 16, the axial direction of the heating furnace 9 is parallel to the moving guide rail 16, and the heating furnace 9 is controlled to move left and right along the heating furnace moving guide rail 16 through an electric control device 15; through the electric control device 15, the heating furnace 9 can move left and right along the moving guide rail 16 of the heating furnace at a constant speed, so as to achieve the purpose of respectively heating the preheating section 111 or the quick heating section 112 in the horizontal furnace tube 11.
One end of the horizontal furnace tube 11 is sealed by a flange 6, and the other end is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet. The flange plate 6 is divided into an inner plate and an outer plate, the inner plate is sleeved on the horizontal furnace tube 11, and the outer plate is used for sealing the opening of the horizontal furnace tube 11. The length of the horizontal furnace tube 11 is about twice of the length of the heating furnace 9, and the horizontal furnace tube is divided into a preheating section 111 and a quick heating section 112.
The longitudinal section of the material box 10 is circular, and the material box is attached to the pipe wall of the horizontal furnace pipe 11, so that the friction between the material box and the inner wall of the horizontal furnace pipe 11 in the moving process is reduced. The cross section is trapezoidal, and the upper end is opened, is used for placing biomass materials.
The push rod 5 is L-shaped, one end of the push rod is welded on the material box 10, the middle part of the push rod 5 is welded at the center of the outer disc of the flange plate 6, and the other end of the push rod is connected with the slide block on the slide rail 4.
The particle dust collector 12 contains silicon-aluminum-containing cotton and biochar, and the middle of the silicon-aluminum-containing cotton and the biochar are separated by a metal interlayer with a pore structure. Heavy components and ash in the pyrolysis oil can be removed. The temperature in the secondary condensation tower is kept at about 0 ℃, and high-quality bio-oil generated by pyrolysis can be completely condensed and collected.
The temperature of the heating furnace 9 is controlled to be stable by using a negative feedback program of a temperature and flow control system, the thermocouple 8 is used for detecting the pyrolysis temperature in the heating furnace 9, and the flow meter 7 is used for controlling the flow rate of carrier gas.
The horizontal furnace tube support frames 17 are provided with a left furnace tube and a right furnace tube and are used for fixing the horizontal furnace tubes 11 and ensuring the stability of the horizontal furnace tubes 11 when the heating furnace 9 moves left and right.
The horizontal reactor system is used for providing a sealed environment for fast pyrolysis of biomass materials and is a main structure for feeding and collecting biochar; the device comprises a horizontal furnace tube 11, a material box 10, a push rod 5, a flange plate 6, a slide rail 4 and a slide rail controller 3; the slide rail controller 3 is used for controlling the movement of the slide block on the slide rail 4, so as to drive the slide bar 5 and the material box 10 to move.
Wherein, the horizontal furnace tube 11 is positioned at the central position of the heating furnace 9. The push rod 5 is right-angled, one end of the push rod is welded on the material box 10, the middle part of the push rod 5 is welded at the center of the outer disc of the flange 6, and the other end of the push rod is connected with the slide block on the slide rail 4. The slide rail controller 3 is used for controlling the movement of the slide block on the slide rail 4.
The temperature and flow control system is used for measuring the furnace body temperature of the electric heating furnace system, controlling the stability of the fast pyrolysis temperature by using a negative feedback program and controlling the flow rate of carrier gas; comprises a temperature and flow program control device 1, a thermocouple 8 and a flowmeter 7; wherein, the thermocouple 8 is arranged at the middle position in the heating furnace, and the flowmeter 7 is arranged at the front end of a carrier gas inlet of the horizontal furnace tube 11;
a condensing system, wherein the particle dust remover can remove heavy components and ash in the pyrolysis oil, and the first-stage condensing tower 13 and the second-stage condensing tower 14 can completely collect high-quality pyrolysis oil generated by pyrolysis. Comprises a particle dust remover 12, a first-stage condensation tower 13 and a second-stage condensation tower 14. An inlet of a particle dust remover 12 is connected with an outlet of the horizontal furnace tube 11, an outlet of the particle dust remover 12 is connected with an inlet of a first-stage condensing tower 13, an outlet 13 of the first-stage condensing tower is connected with an inlet of a second-stage condensing tower 14, and an outlet of the second-stage condensing tower 14 is connected with a subsequent pyrolysis gas collecting device;
the supporting system is used for supporting and fixing the electric pyrolysis furnace system, the reactor system and the temperature and flow control system, so that the integration of the device is realized, and the stable operation of the device is ensured; comprises a supporting cabinet 2 and a horizontal furnace tube supporting frame 17. The electric control device 15, the heating furnace moving guide rail 16, the slide rail 4, the slide rail controller 3, the temperature and flow program control equipment 1 and the horizontal furnace tube support frame 17 are all arranged on the support cabinet 2; the horizontal furnace tube support frames 17 are provided with a left support frame and a right support frame, and the upper ends of the two support frames are welded with the bottom of the horizontal furnace tube 11.
The horizontal furnace tube 11 is a steel cylinder, the heating furnace 9 is made of high-temperature resistant materials, the upper half part of the heating furnace can be opened, and a channel with the same diameter as the horizontal furnace tube 11 is arranged on the axis so as to just wrap the horizontal furnace tube 9, thereby achieving the best heat conduction effect.
The invention also comprises a method for the horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis, which comprises the following steps:
in the horizontal reactor system, two flange plates at one end of a horizontal furnace tube 11 are unscrewed, and a slide rail controller 3 is used for controlling the movement of a slide block on a slide rail 4, so as to drive a push rod 5 and a material box 10 to move outwards to an outlet of the horizontal furnace tube 11.
After biomass materials are placed in the material box 10, the material box 10 is pushed into the fast heating section 112 of the horizontal furnace tube 11 by using the slide rail controller 3; the flange 6 is closed, the horizontal furnace tube 11 is closed, and carrier gas is introduced.
In the electric heating furnace system, the heating furnace 9 is moved to the preheating section 111 of the horizontal furnace tube 11 by using the electric control device 13; and (3) introducing carrier gas, controlling the flow rate of the carrier gas by using a temperature and flow control system, pre-heating the heating furnace 9, and when the heating furnace is heated to a specified temperature and is stable, electrically controlling the heating furnace 9 to move to a horizontal furnace tube 11 fast heating section 112 to carry out fast pyrolysis on biomass materials.
After pyrolysis is completed, moving the heating furnace 9 to the preheating section 111 of the horizontal furnace tube 11 and closing the heating furnace 9; after the fast heating section 112 of the horizontal furnace tube 11 is cooled, the carrier gas is closed, the flange plate 6 is opened, the slide rail controller 3 controls the movement of the slide block on the slide rail 4, the push rod 5 and the material box 10 are driven to move outwards, and the biochar is collected.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are intended to further illustrate the principles of the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is also intended to be covered by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a horizontal living beings fast pyrolysis device which characterized in that: comprises a horizontal furnace tube (11) and a heating furnace (9) which is arranged on the outer end surface of the horizontal furnace tube (11) and is used for heating the horizontal furnace tube (11); the heating furnace (9) can reciprocate along the length direction of the horizontal furnace tube (11);
one end of the horizontal furnace tube (11) is sealed by a flange plate (6), and the other end is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet; the horizontal furnace tube (11) is internally provided with a material box (10) which can reciprocate along the length direction of the horizontal furnace tube (11).
2. The horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the horizontal furnace tube (11) comprises a preheating section (111) and a quick heating section (112), and the effective heating range of the heating furnace (9) is the same as the lengths of tube bodies of the preheating section (111) and the quick heating section (112).
3. The horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heating furnace (9) is arranged on a heating furnace moving guide rail (16), and the heating furnace (9) is controlled to move left and right along the heating furnace moving guide rail (16) through an electric control device (15).
4. The horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: a push rod (5) is arranged on one side of the material box (10) close to the flange plate (6); the push rod (5) penetrates through the flange plate (6) to be connected with the material box traction block (4).
5. The horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: a particle dust remover (12) is arranged at the pyrolysis gas outlet end of the horizontal furnace tube (11), and the outlet of the particle dust remover (12) is connected with the inlet of the first-stage condensing tower (13); and an outlet (13) of the first-stage condensation tower is connected with an inlet of a second-stage condensation tower (14), and an outlet of the second-stage condensation tower (14) is connected with a pyrolysis gas collecting device.
6. The horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the flange plate (6) comprises an inner plate flange and an outer plate flange.
7. The horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis device according to claim 5, characterized in that: the particle dust collector (12) is internally provided with a silicon-aluminum cotton layer and a biochar layer, and a metal partition plate with a pore structure is arranged between the silicon-aluminum cotton layer and the biochar layer.
8. A horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis method is characterized in that: constructing the horizontal biomass fast pyrolysis device according to any one of claims 2 to 7, opening a flange (6) for sealing the horizontal furnace tube (11), placing biomass materials in the material box (10), and pushing the material box (10) to the fast heating section (112) of the horizontal furnace tube (11); sealing the horizontal furnace tube (11) by using a flange plate (6), and introducing carrier gas;
moving the heating furnace (9) to a preheating section (111) of the horizontal furnace tube (11), introducing carrier gas, preheating the heating furnace (9), controlling the heating furnace (9) to move to a quick heating section (112) of the horizontal furnace tube (11) when the heating furnace (9) is heated to a specified temperature and is stable, and quickly pyrolyzing the biomass material; after pyrolysis is finished, the heating furnace (9) is closed, and the heating furnace (9) is moved to the preheating section (111) again; after the horizontal furnace tube (11) fast heating section 112 is cooled, the carrier gas is closed, the flange plate (6) is opened, the material box (10) is taken out, and the biochar in the material box (10) is collected.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110087898.0A CN112920821A (en) | 2021-01-22 | 2021-01-22 | Horizontal biomass rapid pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method thereof |
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| CN202110087898.0A CN112920821A (en) | 2021-01-22 | 2021-01-22 | Horizontal biomass rapid pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN206486477U (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-09-12 | 西北大学 | The device of coal fast pyrogenation coupling volatiles situ catalytic modification |
| US20180201841A1 (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2018-07-19 | Kenneth D. Moss | Fast pyrolysis heat exchanger system and method |
| CN210855990U (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-06-26 | 太原工业学院 | Novel device for pressurization and rapid pyrolysis of laboratory coal |
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2021
- 2021-01-22 CN CN202110087898.0A patent/CN112920821A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20180201841A1 (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2018-07-19 | Kenneth D. Moss | Fast pyrolysis heat exchanger system and method |
| CN203451465U (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2014-02-26 | 山西省国新能源发展集团有限公司 | Novel device for fast pyrolysis of coal by pressurization in laboratory |
| CN104749206A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2015-07-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Gas-solid reaction analysis device based on in-situ decoupling and analysis method |
| CN206486477U (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-09-12 | 西北大学 | The device of coal fast pyrogenation coupling volatiles situ catalytic modification |
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Application publication date: 20210608 |