CN112920001A - Method for preparing nano aluminum/porous copper oxide nano thermite by self-assembly of P4VP - Google Patents

Method for preparing nano aluminum/porous copper oxide nano thermite by self-assembly of P4VP Download PDF

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CN112920001A
CN112920001A CN202110174228.2A CN202110174228A CN112920001A CN 112920001 A CN112920001 A CN 112920001A CN 202110174228 A CN202110174228 A CN 202110174228A CN 112920001 A CN112920001 A CN 112920001A
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nano
copper oxide
p4vp
thermite
porous copper
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张文超
徐建勇
郑子龙
陈亚杰
俞春培
宋长坤
陈俊宏
朱俊武
刘佳琪
邬润辉
先明春
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • C06B33/00Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C06B33/02Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide with an organic non-explosive or an organic non-thermic component
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种P4VP自组装制备纳米铝/多孔氧化铜纳米铝热剂的方法。该方法分为两个阶段,第一个阶段,采用Cu(NO3)2·H2O和尿素获得氧化铜前驱体,然后将其在高温煅烧以获得片状的多孔氧化铜,接着将多孔氧化铜与纳米铝粉通过物理混合的方式得到nAl/pCuO含能复合材料;第二个阶段为P4VP自组装阶段,配制P4VP异丙醇溶液,然后加入纳米铝粉超声分散,接着边搅拌边加入多孔氧化铜悬浮液,最后对纳米铝粉和氧化铜再次进行超声分散,将悬浮液经过抽滤、洗涤便可获得nAl/pCuO@P4VP纳米铝热剂。本发明制备的纳米铝热剂,组分间团聚现象减少,纳米铝粉与氧化铜之间接触的面积大大增加,对于提高纳米铝热剂的能量释放和反应性能有促进作用。

Figure 202110174228

The invention discloses a method for preparing nano aluminum/porous copper oxide nano thermite by self-assembly of P4VP. The method is divided into two stages. In the first stage, Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ·H 2 O and urea are used to obtain copper oxide precursor, which is then calcined at high temperature to obtain sheet-like porous copper oxide. The nAl/pCuO energetic composite material is obtained by physical mixing of copper oxide and nano-aluminum powder; the second stage is the P4VP self-assembly stage, the P4VP isopropanol solution is prepared, and then the nano-aluminum powder is added for ultrasonic dispersion, and then added while stirring Porous copper oxide suspension, and finally ultrasonically disperse the nano-aluminum powder and copper oxide again, and filter and wash the suspension to obtain nAl/pCuO@P4VP nano-thermite. In the nano-thermite prepared by the invention, the agglomeration phenomenon between components is reduced, the contact area between the nano-aluminum powder and the copper oxide is greatly increased, and the energy release and reaction performance of the nano-thermite are improved.

Figure 202110174228

Description

Method for preparing nano aluminum/porous copper oxide nano thermite by self-assembly of P4VP
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of energetic materials, and relates to a method for preparing a nano aluminum/porous copper oxide nano thermite by self-assembly of P4 VP.
Background
The nano thermite is generally prepared from nano metal (Al, Mg, etc.) and metal oxide (CuO, Co)3O4Etc.) has become an important direction in the research of nano energetic materials due to its advantages of high reactivity and high energy density, etc., and has attracted the interest of many researchers. At present, the preparation method of the nano thermite mainly comprises the following steps: physical mixing, sol-gel methods, reaction-inhibited ball milling methods, self-assembly methods, physical vapor deposition methods, atomic layer deposition, and the like.
The physical mixing method is the simplest method for preparing the nano thermite, and the nano aluminum powder and the oxide are uniformly dispersed in the organic solvent by adopting an ultrasonic technology, but the problems of nonuniform mixing and poor product consistency of the nano thermite prepared by the method are easy to occur. Organic impurities introduced in the preparation process of the sol-gel method can reduce the reactivity of the nano energetic material, and in addition, an agglomeration phenomenon can occur. Physical vapor deposition and atomic layer deposition can make the contact between different components more compact and shorten the mass transfer distance of reactants, but the methods have high cost and higher requirements on equipment. The self-assembly method is to compound aluminum powder and functionalized nano oxide particles on a nano scale, and the prepared nano composite material has obviously improved performance due to the close contact among the particles. For more ordered assembly, metal particles are often coated on the surface of the material with the nanorod structure or in ordered channels in the mesoporous oxide.
In the current research of the self-assembly nano thermite, some surfactants and biomolecules are often used to realize the direct compounding of nano aluminum powder and oxide. For example, Slocik et al supported Fe on ferritin clathrates2O3And (3) nano particles, and then assembling the loaded cage ferritin and nano aluminum. (Slocik J M, Cross C A, Spowart J E, et al.Biologic able reliable reactivity of energetic nanomaterials using protein capsules [ J]Nano Letters,2013,13(6):2535-3O4And the aluminum powder is compounded with the nano aluminum powder, and the prepared rod-shaped nano thermite releases heat up to 2612 J.g-1And has good thermal performance (bear's coma. Co)3/O4Preparation, characterization and combustion performance research of/Al nano thermite [ D]Nanjing university of justice, 2017.).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a nano aluminum/porous copper oxide nano thermite by self-assembly of P4 VP. The surface of the nano oxide particles is coated with a layer of surfactant, and the nano aluminum particles are assembled with the oxide on the molecular level through the electrostatic attraction on the surface of the oxide, so that the nano aluminum and the oxide reach an ordered control state. The ordered arrangement can make the contact between the oxide particles and the nano aluminum particles more compact, and the reaction contact area can be increased, thereby promoting the combustion performance of the thermite to be enhanced.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing a nano-aluminum/porous copper oxide nano-thermite by self-assembly of P4VP comprises the following steps:
step 1: the porous copper oxide precursor is prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis method by using copper nitrate trihydrate and urea as raw materials.
Step 2: and (3) calcining the copper oxide precursor at high temperature to obtain the flaky porous copper oxide.
And step 3: preparing a P4VP isopropanol solution, and then adding nano aluminum powder for ultrasonic dispersion.
And 4, step 4: ultrasonically dispersing the porous copper oxide in isopropanol, then stirring the nano aluminum powder suspension in the step 3, and adding the copper oxide suspension into the mixture for three times in the stirring process.
And 5: and carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying on the suspension to obtain the nAl @ pCuO @ P4VP nano thermite.
Preferably, the temperature of the hydrothermal synthesis is 100-150 ℃, and the reaction time is 3-6 h.
Preferably, the calcination temperature of the precursor is 500-600 ℃, and the calcination time is 3-10 h.
Preferably, the concentration of the P4VP isopropanol solution is 0.1-0.2% (W/V).
Preferably, the time interval between two additions of the copper oxide suspension is 10 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the flaky porous copper oxide increases the contact area between the aluminum powder and the oxidant, improves the mass and heat transfer efficiency and is beneficial to the release of the energy of the thermite; (2) the P4VP is adopted for self-assembly, so that the agglomeration phenomenon among components can be reduced, and aluminum powder and porous copper oxide can be orderly combined; (3) the P4VP is adopted to coat the aluminum powder, so that the oxidation process of the nano aluminum powder can be slowed down.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of preparation of nAl/pCuO @ P4VP nano thermite.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of the nano thermite prepared in example 1.
Fig. 3 is an SEM image of the nano thermite prepared in comparative example 1.
FIG. 4 is a DSC curve of the nano thermite prepared in example 1, comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Step 1: 12.08g of copper nitrate trihydrate and 3.003g of urea were dissolved in 500mL of deionized water and stirred for 30 min.
Step 2: and (3) pouring the solution obtained in the step (1) into a high-pressure hydrothermal kettle for hydrothermal synthesis, wherein the reaction temperature is 130 ℃, and the reaction time is 4 hours.
And step 3: and filtering, washing with deionized water, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and drying the product of the hydrothermal synthesis to obtain the porous copper oxide precursor.
And 4, step 4: and calcining the precursor by using a muffle furnace, wherein the calcining temperature is 500 ℃, and the calcining time is 4 h.
And 5: 0.1g of P4VP is dissolved in 100mL of isopropanol, then 0.346g of nano aluminum powder is added, and ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 1 h.
Step 6: 1g of flake porous copper oxide was added to 100mL of isopropanol and dispersed by sonication for 1 h.
And 7: and (3) dispersing the nano aluminum powder suspension in the step 5 by using magnetic stirring, then pouring about 33mL of porous copper oxide suspension, adding about 33mL of copper oxide suspension after 10min, and adding the rest suspension after 20 min.
And 8: and (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed suspension for 30min, then carrying out suction filtration, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a water bath at 50 ℃.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of preparation of nAl/pCuO @ P4VP nano thermite, and FIG. 2 is an SEM image of nano thermite, from which it can be seen that nano aluminum particles are uniformly distributed on flake porous copper. FIG. 3 is a DSC curve of the nano thermite, which shows that the nano thermite has an exothermic peak at 465.4-642.6 ℃ and 651.6-849.2 ℃.
Example 2
Step 1: 12.08g of copper nitrate trihydrate and 3.003g of urea were dissolved in 500mL of deionized water and stirred for 30 min.
Step 2: and (3) pouring the solution obtained in the step (1) into a high-pressure hydrothermal kettle for hydrothermal synthesis, wherein the reaction temperature is 130 ℃, and the reaction time is 4 hours.
And step 3: and filtering, washing with deionized water, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and drying the product of the hydrothermal synthesis to obtain the porous copper oxide precursor.
And 4, step 4: and calcining the precursor by using a muffle furnace, wherein the calcining temperature is 500 ℃, and the calcining time is 4 h.
And 5: 0.2g of P4VP is dissolved in 100mL of isopropanol, then 0.346g of nano aluminum powder is added, and ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 1 h.
Step 6: 1g of flake porous copper oxide was added to 100mL of isopropanol and dispersed by sonication for 1 h.
And 7: and (3) dispersing the nano aluminum powder suspension in the step 5 by using magnetic stirring, then pouring about 33mL of porous copper oxide suspension, adding about 33mL of copper oxide suspension after 10min, and adding the rest suspension after 20 min.
And 8: and (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed suspension for 30min, then carrying out suction filtration, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a water bath at 50 ℃.
Example 3
Step 1: 12.08g of copper nitrate trihydrate and 3.003g of urea were dissolved in 500mL of deionized water and stirred for 30 min.
Step 2: and (3) pouring the solution obtained in the step (1) into a high-pressure hydrothermal kettle for hydrothermal synthesis, wherein the reaction temperature is 130 ℃, and the reaction time is 4 hours.
And step 3: and filtering, washing with deionized water, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and drying the product of the hydrothermal synthesis to obtain the porous copper oxide precursor.
And 4, step 4: and calcining the precursor by using a muffle furnace, wherein the calcining temperature is 500 ℃, and the calcining time is 4 h.
And 5: 0.2g of P4VP was dissolved in 100mL of isopropanol, and then 0.484g of nano-aluminum powder was added and ultrasonically dispersed for 1 h.
Step 6: 1g of flake porous copper oxide was added to 100mL of isopropanol and dispersed by sonication for 1 h.
And 7: and (3) dispersing the nano aluminum powder suspension in the step 5 by using magnetic stirring, then pouring about 66mL of porous copper oxide suspension, adding about 66mL of copper oxide suspension after 10min, and adding the rest suspension after 20 min.
And 8: and (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed suspension for 1h, then carrying out suction filtration, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a water bath at 50 ℃.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is basically the same as the example 1, and the only difference is that the porous copper oxide and the P4VP are firstly compounded, and then the nano aluminum powder is added for ultrasonic mixing to obtain the nano thermite. Fig. 3 is an SEM image of the nano thermite obtained under this comparative example. Comparing it with fig. 2, the amount of nano aluminum powder on the flaky porous copper oxide is significantly reduced. It can also be seen from FIG. 4 that the DSC curves of the nano-thermite prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 are sharper in the two exothermic peaks than in comparative example 1 under the argon atmosphere with a temperature rise rate of 20K/min and a gas velocity of 30L/min, indicating that the energy release rate of the nano-thermite prepared in comparative example 1 is relatively slow.
Comparative example 2
The nano thermite prepared by the comparative example is only prepared by adopting a pure ultrasonic physical mixing mode, namely 0.346g of nano aluminum powder and 1g of porous copper oxide are simultaneously added into 100mL of isopropanol, then ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 1h, and the nAl/pCuO nano thermite without P4VP is obtained after washing and drying.

Claims (6)

1. A method for preparing a nano aluminum/porous copper oxide nano thermite by self-assembly of P4VP is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: preparing a porous copper oxide precursor by using copper nitrate trihydrate and urea as raw materials through a hydrothermal synthesis method;
step 2: obtaining flaky porous copper oxide from a copper oxide precursor in a high-temperature calcination mode;
and step 3: preparing a P4VP isopropanol solution, and then adding nano aluminum powder for ultrasonic dispersion;
and 4, step 4: ultrasonically dispersing porous copper oxide in isopropanol, stirring the nano aluminum powder suspension in the step 3, and adding the copper oxide suspension into the mixture for three times in the stirring process;
and 5: and carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying on the suspension to obtain the nAl @ pCuO @ P4VP nano thermite.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the temperature of the hydrothermal synthesis is 100-150 ℃ and the reaction time is 3-6 h.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the calcination temperature of the precursor is 400-600 ℃, and the calcination time is 3-10 h.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the concentration of the P4VP isopropanol solution is 0.1-0.2% W/V.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the ultrasonic dispersion time is 30-60 min.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the time interval of each addition of the porous copper oxide is 10-20 min, and the amount of each addition is 30-70 mL.
CN202110174228.2A 2021-02-09 2021-02-09 Method for preparing nano aluminum/porous copper oxide nano thermite by self-assembly of P4VP Pending CN112920001A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113845397A (en) * 2021-09-23 2021-12-28 重庆大学 Porous hollow structure thermite and preparation method thereof
CN114410147A (en) * 2021-12-26 2022-04-29 南京理工大学 A kind of preparation method of nano-thermite containing energy ink
CN115417737A (en) * 2022-09-28 2022-12-02 南京理工大学 A kind of molybdenum oxide-based thermite and preparation method thereof
CN116023198A (en) * 2023-01-03 2023-04-28 南京理工大学 A kind of thermite/perovskite energetic compound composite material and preparation method thereof

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CN103159186A (en) * 2011-12-10 2013-06-19 南京理工大学 Three-dimensional ordered macroporous metal oxide based nano energetic material, and preparation method thereof
CN109369312A (en) * 2018-11-20 2019-02-22 重庆大学 Core-shell structure thermite and preparation method thereof

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CN103159186A (en) * 2011-12-10 2013-06-19 南京理工大学 Three-dimensional ordered macroporous metal oxide based nano energetic material, and preparation method thereof
CN109369312A (en) * 2018-11-20 2019-02-22 重庆大学 Core-shell structure thermite and preparation method thereof

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113845397A (en) * 2021-09-23 2021-12-28 重庆大学 Porous hollow structure thermite and preparation method thereof
CN114410147A (en) * 2021-12-26 2022-04-29 南京理工大学 A kind of preparation method of nano-thermite containing energy ink
CN115417737A (en) * 2022-09-28 2022-12-02 南京理工大学 A kind of molybdenum oxide-based thermite and preparation method thereof
CN115417737B (en) * 2022-09-28 2023-09-01 南京理工大学 A kind of molybdenum oxide-based thermite and preparation method thereof
CN116023198A (en) * 2023-01-03 2023-04-28 南京理工大学 A kind of thermite/perovskite energetic compound composite material and preparation method thereof
CN116023198B (en) * 2023-01-03 2024-06-07 南京理工大学 A thermite/perovskite energetic compound composite material and preparation method thereof

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