CN112919921A - Preparation method of low-cost super-large and super-thick carbon/carbon composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of low-cost super-large and super-thick carbon/carbon composite material Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The application provides a preparation method of a low-cost super-thick carbon/carbon composite material, which comprises the following steps: a. preparing a carbon fiber preform; b. carrying out graphitization treatment on the carbon fiber preform to obtain a carbon fiber blank; c. sequentially carrying out impregnation curing treatment, carbonization treatment, high-temperature heat treatment and machining treatment on the carbon fiber blank; d. repeating the step c until the density of the carbon fiber blank reaches a target value to obtain a primary finished product; e. and performing finish machining on the primary finished product to obtain a finished product. The method has the advantages of simple process, low production cost, high qualification rate of the prepared product, low production cost and capability of realizing low-cost batch preparation of the super-large and super-thick carbon/carbon composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material preparation and processing, in particular to a preparation method of a low-cost super-thick carbon/carbon composite material.
Background
The carbon/carbon composite material has the advantages of low density, high strength, high specific modulus, high thermal conductivity, low expansion coefficient, good friction performance, good thermal shock resistance, high dimensional stability and the like, is commonly used as a high-temperature ablation-resistant material and a high-temperature structural material, has good application prospect in the fields of aviation, aerospace, nuclear energy, medicine and the like, and can be used as material parts in the civil fields of photovoltaic, rail transit and the like.
In the prior art, the carbon/carbon composite material generally has long production period and large difficulty in controlling the mass production process. Especially, in the production process of the carbon/carbon composite material with super large and super thick thickness (more than 1000mm multiplied by 300mm multiplied by 150 mm), the quality problems of product deformation, delamination, cracks and the like are easy to occur during high-temperature heat treatment, the rejection rate is high, and the production cost is high.
Therefore, how to provide a preparation method of an ultra-large and ultra-thick carbon/carbon composite material with simple process, high product qualification rate and low production cost becomes a difficult problem to be solved by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a low-cost ultra-large ultra-thick carbon/carbon composite material, which has the advantages of simple process, low production cost, high qualification rate of prepared products, low production cost and capability of realizing low-cost batch preparation of the ultra-large ultra-thick carbon/carbon composite material.
The invention provides a preparation method of a low-cost super-thick carbon/carbon composite material, which comprises the following steps:
a. preparing a carbon fiber preform;
b. carrying out graphitization treatment on the carbon fiber preform to obtain a carbon fiber blank;
c. sequentially carrying out impregnation curing treatment, carbonization treatment, high-temperature heat treatment and machining treatment on the carbon fiber blank;
the temperature rise process of the high-temperature heat treatment comprises the following steps: the room temperature is 1000 ℃ below zero, and the heating rate is 100-; 1000-; 1500-; 1800 ℃ and 2200 ℃, and the heating rate is 50-90 ℃/h; 2200 to 2300 minus 2600 ℃ with the heating rate of 35 to 75 ℃ per hour, 2300 minus 2600 ℃ with the heat preservation for 2 to 5 hours;
the machining process comprises the steps of removing a surface compact layer with a preset thickness;
d. repeating the step c until the density of the carbon fiber blank reaches a target value to obtain a primary finished product;
e. and performing finish machining on the primary finished product to obtain a finished product.
In the present invention, the high-temperature heat treatment is performed to convert the structure of the carbon material. Because the blank has large and thick size, the reaction speed of the internal structure conversion of the material is slowed down in order to avoid the delamination, deformation and cracking of the blank, the high-temperature heat treatment is carried out in a step heating mode, and the heating rate is determined according to the intensity of the carbon structure conversion reaction speed.
Furthermore, in the step c, in the cooling stage of the high-temperature heat treatment, since the blank is large and thick, in order to avoid the delamination, deformation and cracking of the blank and slow down the release of the thermal stress in the material, the cooling stage is performed in a stepped cooling manner.
Preferably, the cooling process of the high-temperature heat treatment is as follows: (2600-; 2200 ℃ and 1800 ℃, and the cooling rate is 50-80 ℃/h; 1800 plus temperature at 1000 ℃, and the cooling rate at 60-100 ℃/h; 1000 ℃ to room temperature, and naturally cooling along with the furnace.
The stepped cooling is beneficial to avoiding the concentration of thermal stress in a high-temperature environment and avoiding the deformation, delamination and cracking of the blank.
Preferably, the preset thickness is 0.5-2 mm.
Preferably, the preset thickness is 1 mm.
Preferably, the target value is not less than 1.85g/cm3。
In the step c, the carbonization treatment is used for slowly removing most non-carbon substances in the resin, so that the blank is prevented from being over-excited during high-temperature heat treatment. In the invention, the blank is large and thick, so that in order to avoid the delamination and deformation of the blank, the carbonization treatment is carried out in a step heating mode, and the heating rate is determined according to the reaction severity of the resin in each temperature interval.
Preferably, the temperature rise process of the carbonization treatment is as follows: the room temperature is 200 ℃ below zero, and the heating rate is 40-60 ℃/h; 200 and 350 ℃, and the heating rate is 20-40 ℃/h; 350-500 ℃, and the heating rate is 10-20 ℃/h; 500 ℃ and 700 ℃, the heating rate is 20-40 ℃/h; 700- (1000-1200) DEG C, the heating rate is 40-55 ℃/h; (1000-.
Preferably, the technological parameters of the dipping and curing treatment are as follows: the impregnation liquid is furan resin, 3-10% of curing agent is added, the impregnation time is 2-5h, the curing temperature is 160-220 ℃, and the curing and heat preservation time is 2-5 h.
Specifically, the curing agent is phosphoric acid.
Preferably, the technological parameters of the dipping and curing treatment are as follows: the impregnation liquid is furan resin, 6% phosphoric acid is added as a curing agent, the impregnation time is 3h, the curing temperature is 160 ℃, and the curing and heat preservation time is 3 h.
Preferably, the step b specifically comprises: and putting the carbon fiber preform into a heat treatment furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 2000-2500 ℃, preserving heat for 1-3h, introducing argon gas during the period, keeping the furnace pressure at 0.2-3KPa, graphitizing the carbon fiber preform, and naturally cooling to obtain a carbon fiber blank.
Preferably, the density of the carbon fiber preform is 0.3 to 0.6g/cm3。
Preferably, the carbon fiber preform is of a 2D needling structure, and one layer of PANCF weftless fabric mesh tire are alternately layered.
Preferably, the non-woven fabric is formed by continuously needling 0 DEG/90 DEG alternately laid layers.
Preferably, the size of the carbon fiber preform is 5-15mm larger than the size of the finished product.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the preparation method of the low-cost super-thick carbon/carbon composite material has a simple process route, adopts a mode of step temperature rise and drop in the high-temperature heat treatment process, and effectively overcomes the problems that the super-thick carbon/carbon composite material is easy to have green body delamination, deformation, cracking and the like in the production process; the super-large and super-thick carbon/carbon composite material prepared by the method has the advantages of high product qualification rate, simple process and low production cost.
(2) The carbon/carbon composite material with large size and thickness prepared by the method provided by the invention has the length of more than 1300mm, the width of more than 300mm and the thickness of more than 150 mm;
the performance index can reach: the density is more than or equal to 1.85g/cm3The compressive strength is more than or equal to 200MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 105MPa, the bending strength is more than or equal to 100MPa, and the interlaminar shear strength is more than or equal to 60MPa, so that the material has good material performance and development and application prospects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the internal quality (non-destructive testing) of the finished product of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the internal quality (nondestructive testing) of the finished product in comparative example 1;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the internal quality (nondestructive testing) of the finished product in comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Example 1
a. Preparing 20 carbon fiber preforms, wherein the carbon fiber preforms are of a 2D needling structure, and are formed by adopting a layer of PANCF (polyamide fiber reinforced fabric) laid layer and a layer of PANCF mesh tire alternately, laying the laid cloth at 0 degree/90 degree alternately and continuously needling; the carbon fiber preform had dimensions of 1380mm X400 mm X200 mm and a density of 0.38g/cm3；
b. Carrying out graphitization treatment on the carbon fiber preform to obtain a carbon fiber blank; putting the carbon fiber preform into a heat treatment furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 2000 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, introducing argon gas during the period, and keeping the furnace pressure at 0.2-3KPa to graphitize the carbon fiber preform, and then naturally cooling along with the furnace;
c. sequentially carrying out impregnation curing treatment, carbonization treatment, high-temperature heat treatment and machining treatment on the carbon fiber blank;
the impregnation curing treatment adopts furan resin, 5 percent phosphoric acid is added as a curing agent, an impregnation tank is vacuumized and then is filled with nitrogen to 2MPa, the impregnation time is 2 hours, the curing temperature is 200 ℃, and the curing and heat preservation time is 2 hours;
carbonizing the blank subjected to the dipping and curing treatment in a carbonization furnace, wherein the atmosphere in the furnace is nitrogen, and the furnace pressure is 0-5 Kpa; the step heating process in the carbonization process comprises the following steps: the room temperature is 200 ℃ below zero, and the heating rate is 40 ℃/h; 200 and 350 ℃, and the heating rate is 15 ℃/h; 350-500 ℃, and the heating rate is 10 ℃/h; 500 ℃ and 700 ℃, and the heating rate is 15 ℃/h; 700 ℃ and 1000 ℃, and the heating rate is 25 ℃/h; preserving heat for 2 hours at 1000 ℃;
the step heating process of the high-temperature heat treatment comprises the following steps: the room temperature is 1000 ℃, and the heating rate is 110 ℃/h; 1500 ℃ at the temperature of 1000 ℃ and the heating rate of 90 ℃/h; 1500-; 1800 ℃ and 2200 ℃, and the heating rate is 60 ℃/h; 2200 ℃ and 2400 ℃ and the heating rate is 50 ℃/h; keeping the temperature at 2400 ℃ for 4 h;
the step cooling process of the high-temperature heat treatment comprises the following steps: 2400 ℃ and 2200 ℃, and the cooling rate is 55 ℃/h; 2200 ℃ and 1800 ℃ with the cooling rate of 60 ℃/h; 1800 plus temperature at 1000 ℃, and the cooling rate at 75 ℃/h; cooling naturally with the furnace at 1000-room temperature;
after high-temperature heat treatment, carrying out mechanical processing treatment on the surface of the blank to remove a surface compact layer with a preset thickness, wherein the preset thickness is 1 mm;
d. the above operations of 'impregnation curing treatment-carbonization treatment-high temperature heat treatment-mechanical processing' are circularly carried out for 9 times, so that the density of the blank body reaches 1.85g/cm3Obtaining a primary finished product;
e. performing finish machining on the primary finished product to obtain a finished product; the product size is 1370mm by 390mm by 190mm, wherein 3 products have delamination, cracks and deformation, the product percent of pass reaches 85.0%, and the product performance index data is shown in table 1.
Example 2
a. Preparing 40 carbon fiber preforms, wherein the carbon fiber preforms are of a 2D needling structure and are alternately layered by adopting a layer of PANCF (polyamide fiber reinforced fabric) laid fabric and a layer of PANCF laid fabric meshThe non-woven cloth is formed by 0 degree/90 degree alternate layering and continuous needling; the carbon fiber preform had dimensions of 1250mm × 350mm × 180mm and a density of 0.45g/cm3；
b. Carrying out graphitization treatment on the carbon fiber preform to obtain a carbon fiber blank; putting the carbon fiber preform into a heat treatment furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 2000 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, introducing argon gas during the period, and keeping the furnace pressure at 0.2-3KPa to graphitize the carbon fiber preform, and then naturally cooling along with the furnace;
c. sequentially carrying out impregnation curing treatment, carbonization treatment, high-temperature heat treatment and machining treatment on the carbon fiber blank;
the impregnation curing treatment adopts furan resin, 6 percent phosphoric acid is added as a curing agent, an impregnation tank is vacuumized and then is filled with nitrogen to 3MPa, the impregnation time is 3 hours, the curing temperature is 160 ℃, and the curing and heat preservation time is 3 hours;
carbonizing the blank subjected to the dipping and curing treatment in a carbonization furnace, wherein the atmosphere in the furnace is nitrogen, and the furnace pressure is 0-5 Kpa; the step heating process in the carbonization process comprises the following steps: the room temperature is 200 ℃ below zero, and the heating rate is 45 ℃/h; 200 and 350 ℃, and the heating rate is 20 ℃/h; 350-500 ℃, and the heating rate is 15 ℃/h; at the temperature of 500 ℃ and 700 ℃, the heating rate is 20 ℃/h, at the temperature of 700 ℃ and 1000 ℃, the heating rate is 30 ℃/h; preserving heat for 3 hours at 1000 ℃;
the step heating process of the high-temperature heat treatment comprises the following steps: the room temperature is 1000 ℃, and the heating rate is 115 ℃/h; 1000 and 1500 ℃, and the heating rate is 95 ℃/h; 1500-; 1800 ℃ and 2200 ℃ with the temperature rise rate of 65 ℃/h; 2200 ℃ and 2400 ℃ and the heating rate is 65 ℃/h; keeping the temperature at 2400 ℃ for 4 h;
the step cooling process of the high-temperature heat treatment comprises the following steps: 2400 ℃ and 2200 ℃, and the cooling rate is 60 ℃/h; 2200 ℃ and 1800 ℃ with the cooling rate of 65 ℃/h; 1800 plus temperature at 1000 ℃, and the cooling rate at 80 ℃/h; cooling naturally with the furnace at 1000-room temperature;
after high-temperature heat treatment, carrying out mechanical processing treatment on the surface of the blank to remove a surface compact layer with a preset thickness, wherein the preset thickness is 1 mm;
d. the above operations of 'impregnation curing treatment-carbonization treatment-high temperature heat treatment-mechanical processing treatment' are circularly carried out for 8 times, so that the density of the blank body reaches 1.85g/cm3Obtaining a primary finished product;
e. performing finish machining on the primary finished product to obtain a finished product; the product size is 1240mm multiplied by 340mm multiplied by 170mm, wherein, 4 products have delamination, cracks and deformation, the product percent of pass reaches 90.0 percent, and the product performance index data is shown in table 1.
Example 3
a. Preparing 60 carbon fiber preforms, wherein the carbon fiber preforms are of a 2D needling structure, and are formed by adopting a layer of PANCF (polyamide fiber reinforced fabric) laid layer and a layer of PANCF mesh tire alternately, laying the laid cloth at 0 degree/90 degree alternately and continuously needling; the carbon fiber preform has dimensions of 1020mm × 310mm × 160mm, and a felt bulk density of 0.50g/cm3；
b. Carrying out graphitization treatment on the carbon fiber preform to obtain a carbon fiber blank; putting the carbon fiber preform into a heat treatment furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 2000 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, introducing argon gas during the period, and keeping the furnace pressure at 0.2-3KPa to graphitize the carbon fiber preform, and then naturally cooling along with the furnace;
c. sequentially carrying out impregnation curing treatment, carbonization treatment, high-temperature heat treatment and machining treatment on the carbon fiber blank;
the impregnation curing treatment adopts furan resin, 7 percent phosphoric acid is added as a curing agent, an impregnation tank is vacuumized and then is filled with nitrogen to 3MPa, the impregnation time is 3 hours, the curing temperature is 160 ℃, and the curing and heat preservation time is 3 hours;
carbonizing the blank subjected to the dipping and curing treatment in a carbonization furnace, wherein the atmosphere in the furnace is nitrogen, and the furnace pressure is 0-5 Kpa; the step heating process in the carbonization process comprises the following steps: the room temperature is 200 ℃ below zero, and the heating rate is 50 ℃/h; 200 and 350 ℃, and the heating rate is 25 ℃/h; 350-500 ℃, and the heating rate is 20 ℃/h; 500 ℃ and 700 ℃, the heating rate is 25 ℃/h; 700 ℃ and 1000 ℃, and the heating rate is 35 ℃/h; preserving heat for 3 hours at 1000 ℃;
the step heating process of the high-temperature heat treatment comprises the following steps: the room temperature is 1000 ℃ below zero, and the heating rate is 120 ℃/h; 1000 and 1500 ℃, and the heating rate is 100 ℃/h; 1500-; 1800 ℃ and 2200 ℃, and the heating rate is 70 ℃/h; 2200 ℃ and 2400 ℃ and the heating rate is 65 ℃/h; keeping the temperature at 2400 ℃ for 4 h;
the step cooling process of the high-temperature heat treatment comprises the following steps: 2400 ℃ and 2200 ℃, and the cooling rate is 65 ℃/h; 2200 ℃ and 1800 ℃, and the cooling rate is 70 ℃/h; 1800 plus temperature at 1000 ℃, and the cooling rate at 85 ℃/h; cooling naturally with the furnace at 1000-room temperature;
after high-temperature heat treatment, carrying out mechanical processing treatment on the surface of the blank to remove a surface compact layer with a preset thickness, wherein the preset thickness is 1 mm;
d. the above operations of 'impregnation curing treatment-carbonization treatment-high temperature heat treatment-mechanical processing treatment' are circularly carried out for 7 times, so that the density of the blank body reaches 1.85g/cm3Obtaining a primary finished product;
e. performing finish machining on the primary finished product to obtain a finished product; the product size is 1010mm multiplied by 300mm multiplied by 150mm, wherein 3 products have delamination, cracks and deformation, the product percent of pass reaches 95.0%, and the product performance index data is shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the embodiment 1, other treatment processes and process parameters are the same, and only a step heating process is not adopted during carbonization treatment, but the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃ at one time and is kept for 3 hours; the high-temperature heat treatment does not adopt a step heating and cooling process, but once heats up to 2400 ℃ and preserves the temperature for 4 hours, then cools down to 1000 ℃, and then naturally cools down to room temperature along with the furnace.
10 products were produced in total in comparative example 1, of which 6 were waste products of deformation, delamination, and cracking, and the product yield was 40.0%.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the embodiment 2, other treatment processes and process parameters are the same, the carbonization treatment process and the high-temperature heat treatment process are carried out in a step temperature rise mode, but the high-temperature heat treatment process does not adopt a step temperature reduction process, and the carbonization treatment process and the high-temperature heat treatment process are naturally cooled to room temperature along with the furnace after being cooled to 1000 ℃.
10 products were produced in total in comparative example 2, 4 of which were waste products of deformation, delamination, and cracking, and the product yield was 60%.
TABLE 1 product Performance index data Table for examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the product properties produced by examples 1-3 are much higher than those of comparative examples 1-2; and the product yield in examples 1-3 is much higher than in comparative examples 1-2.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a low-cost super-thick carbon/carbon composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. preparing a carbon fiber preform;
b. carrying out graphitization treatment on the carbon fiber preform to obtain a carbon fiber blank;
c. sequentially carrying out impregnation curing treatment, carbonization treatment, high-temperature heat treatment and machining treatment on the carbon fiber blank;
the temperature rise process of the high-temperature heat treatment comprises the following steps: the room temperature is 1000 ℃ below zero, and the heating rate is 100-; 1000-; 1500-; 1800 ℃ and 2200 ℃, and the heating rate is 50-90 ℃/h; 2200 to 2300 minus 2600 ℃ with the heating rate of 35 to 75 ℃ per hour, 2300 minus 2600 ℃ with the heat preservation for 2 to 5 hours;
the machining process comprises the steps of removing a surface compact layer with a preset thickness;
d. repeating the step c until the density of the carbon fiber blank reaches a target value to obtain a primary finished product;
e. and performing finish machining on the primary finished product to obtain a finished product.
2. The method for preparing a low-cost extra-large ultra-thick carbon/carbon composite material according to claim 1, wherein the cooling process of the high-temperature heat treatment comprises the following steps: (2600-; 2200 ℃ and 1800 ℃, and the cooling rate is 50-80 ℃/h; 1800 plus temperature at 1000 ℃, and the cooling rate at 60-100 ℃/h; 1000 ℃ to room temperature, and naturally cooling along with the furnace.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step c, the predetermined thickness is 0.5-2 mm.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the predetermined thickness is 1 mm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the target value is at least 1.85g/cm3。
6. The method for preparing the low-cost extra-large and extra-thick carbon/carbon composite material according to claim 1, wherein the temperature rise process of the carbonization treatment comprises the following steps: the room temperature is 200 ℃ below zero, and the heating rate is 40-60 ℃/h; 200 and 350 ℃, and the heating rate is 20-40 ℃/h; 350-500 ℃, and the heating rate is 10-20 ℃/h; 500 ℃ and 700 ℃, the heating rate is 20-40 ℃/h; 700- (1000-1200) DEG C, the heating rate is 40-55 ℃/h; (1000-.
7. The method for preparing a low-cost extra-large ultra-thick carbon/carbon composite material according to claim 1, wherein the technological parameters of the dipping and curing treatment are as follows: the impregnation liquid is furan resin, 3-10% of curing agent is added, the impregnation time is 2-5h, the curing temperature is 160-220 ℃, and the curing and heat preservation time is 2-5 h.
8. The method for preparing a low-cost extra-large ultra-thick carbon/carbon composite material according to claim 1, wherein the step b specifically comprises: and putting the carbon fiber preform into a heat treatment furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 2000-2500 ℃, preserving heat for 1-3h, introducing argon gas during the period, keeping the furnace pressure at 0.2-3KPa, graphitizing the carbon fiber preform, and naturally cooling to obtain a carbon fiber blank.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon fiber preform has a density of 0.3-0.6g/cm3。
10. The method for preparing the low-cost extra-large and extra-thick carbon/carbon composite material according to claim 1, wherein the carbon fiber preform is of a 2D needling structure, and one layer of PANCF laid fabric are alternately layered.
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