CN112919876A - Low-cost high-activity admixture for thermal curing concrete product and application - Google Patents
Low-cost high-activity admixture for thermal curing concrete product and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN112919876A CN112919876A CN202110306559.7A CN202110306559A CN112919876A CN 112919876 A CN112919876 A CN 112919876A CN 202110306559 A CN202110306559 A CN 202110306559A CN 112919876 A CN112919876 A CN 112919876A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/144—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements the synthetic calcium sulfate being a flue gas desulfurization product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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Abstract
The invention discloses an admixture for a low-cost high-activity thermal curing concrete product and application thereof, wherein the admixture comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 55 to 80 percent of mineral powder, 15 to 30 percent of steel slag powder, 2 to 5 percent of silica fume, 2 to 8 percent of gypsum and 1 to 2 percent of quicklime powder; the admixture utilizes the characteristic that the activity of the steel slag is easy to excite at high temperature, and the high-activity composite admixture under the heating curing condition is developed in a compounding way with the silica fume, the gypsum, the quicklime powder and the mineral powder, so that the admixture can replace the existing admixture or cement to be used for producing the hot curing concrete product, the early strength of the concrete product is higher, the cost is reduced, the steel slag can be used as the admixture for application, the economic benefit and the social benefit are good, and the resource supply and demand fine butt joint and the industrial fusion of the steel slag recycling industry and the concrete prefabricated product industry can be promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building materials, in particular to an admixture for a low-cost high-activity thermal curing concrete product and application thereof.
Background
The steel industry is one of the main emission sources of the solid wastes of the bulk industry in China. Taking a certain large steel and iron enterprise in China as an example, only two production bases of the enterprise discharge 600 million tons of water granulated slag, 180 million tons of steel slag, 34 million tons of fly ash and 10.5 million tons of desulfurized gypsum every year. At present, the comprehensive utilization of water granulated slag, fly ash and other resources in waste slag discharged by steel plants is relatively mature, and the main reason for restricting the overall utilization level of steel smelting slag is steel slag.
The high added value utilization approach of the steel slag in the building material industry mainly comprises aggregate, cement mixed materials and admixture. The steel slag as aggregate has great stability, and a great deal of experimental research and engineering cracking cases show that if the steel slag has poor stability, the concrete can be seriously damaged or even completely destroyed, so the application of the steel slag as the aggregate is strictly regulated and limited. Most of the existing steel slag is transported to a cement plant to be used as a mixed material in the cement production process or an iron correction material in the firing process, but along with the improvement of the national requirement on the quality of cement, the addition of steel slag powder with low activity and large component fluctuation in the cement is limited. Therefore, iron and steel production enterprises begin to explore application ways in which steel slag powder has industrialization prospects as an admixture.
The silicate, aluminate, aluminoferrite and other minerals contained in the steel slag cause the steel slag to have certain potential gelling activity, and the value of the steel slag used as an admixture is the value. However, the steel slag powder is low in activity, so that the steel slag powder is rarely used in the production of commercial concrete. At present, some researchers replace a certain proportion of mineral powder with steel slag powder to prepare composite steel mineral powder through an exciting agent, but the steel slag powder has an undesirable exciting effect at normal temperature, so that the activity of the composite steel mineral powder is reduced, the overall performance of the composite steel mineral powder is still inferior to that of S95 mineral powder, and the exciting agent is complex in type, so that the industrialization effect is not good. Researches show that under the high-temperature thermal excitation of the steel slag powder, Si-O bonds and Al-O bonds in steel slag molecules are broken under the high-temperature action, so that the hydration reaction is easier to carry out, and the activity of the steel slag powder is greatly improved. Therefore, the application of the steel slag powder in the concrete product cured at high temperature is necessarily found.
The concrete products which are thermally cured in the concrete industry at present mainly have two directions, namely, a pressure steaming-free production process of the concrete precast tubular pile adopts a steam curing process at 80-90 ℃; the other is a winter steam curing production process of the prefabricated part, which adopts a production process at 50-60 ℃; the early strength development of the concrete can be effectively improved after the thermal curing process is adopted, and the turnover efficiency of the mould is improved. If the steel slag powder can be used for developing the high-activity composite admixture by compounding, exciting and other modes to replace the existing admixture or cement for producing the hot-cured concrete product, the early strength of the concrete is higher, the durability is better, the cost is reduced, the obvious industrialization prospect can be achieved, and the resource supply and demand fine butt joint and the industry fusion of the steel slag recycling industry and the concrete prefabricated part industry are promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the popularization and application requirements of steel slag powder of steel enterprises and the early strength requirement in the production process of hot-cured concrete products, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of developing a low-cost high-activity composite admixture in a mode of compounding and exciting low-cost steel slag powder, thereby promoting the high added value utilization of the steel slag powder and the early performance improvement of the hot-cured concrete products.
The technical problem to be solved can be implemented by the following technical scheme.
The admixture for the low-cost high-activity thermal curing concrete product is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
55 to 80 percent of mineral powder, 15 to 30 percent of steel slag powder, 2 to 5 percent of silica fume, 2 to 8 percent of gypsum and 1 to 2 percent of quicklime powder.
The ore powder is preferably S95 ore powder.
As a further improvement of the technical proposal, the specific surface area of the steel slag powder is not more than 450m2The activity index of the catalyst per kg and 28d is 65-75 percent.
Also as a further improvement of the technical proposal, the specific surface area of the silica fume is not less than 18000m2/kg。
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the gypsum is industrial desulfurization by-product gypsum, wherein the content of calcium sulfate dihydrate is not less than 70%.
Further, the quicklime powder is industrial-grade quicklime powder, wherein the content of CaO is not less than 80%.
Furthermore, the admixture for the low-cost high-activity thermal curing concrete product has the 1d steam curing activity index of more than 110 percent and the 3d steam curing activity index of more than 120 percent. The cost of the admixture is lower than that of S95 mineral powder, and the steam curing activity is higher than that of S105 mineral powder.
The invention also aims to provide application of the admixture for the thermal curing concrete product with low cost and high activity, which is characterized in that the admixture is used as a substitute for mineral powder in the thermal curing concrete product. Furthermore, the steam curing strength of the concrete is improved.
The invention aims to solve another technical problem of providing application of the admixture for the low-cost high-activity thermal curing concrete product, which is characterized in that the admixture is used as a substitute for 10-20% of cement in the thermal curing concrete product; thereby improving the steam curing strength of the concrete.
The admixture for the low-cost high-activity thermal curing concrete product adopting the technical scheme has the following specific technical principle:
the existing S95 mineral powder is used as a reference system, gypsum and quicklime are added for excitation, and the activity of the mineral powder is further improved. In the presence of gypsum, the mineral powder can react with gypsum to produce ettringite, so that the activity of the ettringite is further improved, but if the liquid phase is too low in alkalinity or the alkali content is insufficient,the mineral powder can not be provided with good dispersion and dissolution conditions, and the alkalinity range required for forming ettringite can not be reached, so that a certain amount of alkali activator is required to be added, and quicklime is used as the alkali activator to be dissolved in water to generate Ca (OH)2And is consistent with cement hydration products and is the best alkali activator for secondary hydration reaction of the admixture. If the mixing amount of the gypsum and the alkali activator is too large, the activity of the admixture is reduced because the gypsum and the quicklime have no activity per se, and therefore, the mixing amount of the gypsum and the quicklime cannot be too large.
On the basis, a certain amount of steel slag powder is doped. The components with potential gelling property in the steel slag are similar to mineral powder, have similar excitation principles, and can also be excited by gypsum and quicklime, but because the activity of the steel slag powder is lower at normal temperature, the steel slag powder can play a better excitation role only under the condition of high temperature, and the steam curing process for thermally curing the concrete product provides better conditions for the activity excitation of the steel slag powder. However, even under high temperature conditions, the activity of the steel slag powder is still obviously lower than that of the mineral powder, so the doping amount of the steel slag powder cannot be too large, otherwise, the steam curing activity of the composite admixture is obviously reduced compared with that of the mineral powder.
Furthermore, in order to make the thermal curing activity of the composite admixture higher than that of S95 mineral powder, a high-activity component is required to be introduced to make up the difference between the activity of the steel slag powder and the mineral powder, and silica fume is a suitable reinforcing agent. More than 90 percent of components in the silica fume are active SiO2The average particle size is only hundreds of microns, and the specific surface area reaches 18000m2The concrete has extremely high volcanic ash activity, has the effect of accelerating the hydration process of cement at normal temperature, and has more remarkable activity increasing effect at high temperature. However, the cost of the silica fume is higher, and when the doping amount is lower, the cost reduction caused by replacing S95 mineral powder with the steel slag can offset the cost increase caused by replacing S95 mineral powder with the silica fume.
When the raw materials are selected, the specific surface area of the steel slag powder is not more than 450m2And/kg, 28d of the grade II steel slag powder with the activity index of 65-75 percent, namely, excessive mechanical grinding treatment on the steel slag powder is not needed, so that the production cost of the steel slag powder is reduced. The gypsum is desulfurized gypsum which is industrial byproduct of coal-fired power plantThe active ingredient in the process of activating the mineral powder and the steel slag powder at high temperature is CaSO4The method has low correlation with the form of gypsum, so that the solid waste of desulfurized gypsum can be adopted, and the cost is far lower than that of S95 mineral powder. The industrial-grade quicklime powder is selected as the quicklime, the purity of the quicklime is over 80 percent, and the cost of the quicklime is lower than that of S95 mineral powder. The cost of the finally obtained composite admixture can be 5-10% lower than that of S95 mineral powder.
The steam curing activity index of the developed admixture is tested by a system of steaming at a high temperature of 90 ℃ for 4 hours with a mixing amount of 30%, the steam curing activity index reaches 110% in 1d, the steam curing activity index reaches 120% in 3d, the steam curing activity index is higher than that of S95 mineral powder by about 10%, the steam curing activity index is higher than that of S105 mineral powder by about 2%, and the steam curing activity index is slightly higher than that of S105 mineral powder.
Detailed Description
The following will explain embodiments of the present invention in further detail.
Example 1:
an admixture for a low-cost high-activity thermal curing concrete product comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 80% of mineral powder, 15% of steel slag powder, 2% of silica fume, 2% of gypsum and 1% of quicklime.
Example 2:
an admixture for a low-cost high-activity thermal curing concrete product comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 72% of mineral powder, 20% of steel slag powder, 3% of silica fume, 4% of gypsum and 1% of quicklime.
Example 3:
an admixture for a low-cost high-activity thermal curing concrete product comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 64% of mineral powder, 24% of steel slag powder, 4% of silica fume, 6% of gypsum and 2% of quicklime.
Example 4:
an admixture for a low-cost high-activity thermal curing concrete product comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 55% of mineral powder, 30% of steel slag powder, 5% of silica fume, 8% of gypsum and 2% of quicklime.
And (3) carrying out 1d and 3d steam curing activity index tests on the low-cost high-activity admixture for the thermal curing concrete product in the four embodiments, wherein in the steam curing activity index test, the proportion of the admixture replacing cement is 50%, the steam curing system is that a mortar test piece is formed, then is kept stand and cured in a standard curing box for 12h, then is placed in the steam curing box for 2h, is heated from room temperature to 90 ℃ and then is kept at the constant temperature for 4h, then is cooled to room temperature, is added with water, is started for 1d and 3d, is tested for strength, and is used for calculating the activity index. And the steam curing activity indexes of the four admixtures were compared with those of the S105 and S95 ore fines, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1: low-cost high-activity thermal curing admixture steam curing activity index test result
From the test results: the activity index of the low-cost high-activity thermal curing admixture under the high-temperature steam curing condition is far higher than that of S95 mineral powder and is higher than that of S105 mineral powder. The desulfurized gypsum and the quicklime in the system have stronger excitation effect on S95 mineral powder and steel slag powder under the high-temperature condition, and the addition of a small amount of high-activity silica fume further improves the steam curing activity of the composite admixture. Although the fluidity ratio is slightly reduced, the requirement that the fluidity ratio of S95 ore powder is more than 95 percent is still met. From example 1 to example 4, the proportion of the steel slag replacing the mineral powder in the system is continuously increased from 15% to 30%, but the steam curing activity indexes of 1d and 3d are in a descending trend, which shows that the activity of the steel slag powder is easy to excite under the high temperature condition, but the activity of the steel slag powder is still reduced with the mineral powder. When the mixing amount of the steel slag powder reaches 30%, the 1d steam curing activity index is 110%, the 3d steam curing activity index is 122%, which is only slightly higher than S105 mineral powder, and the characteristic of high activity is not obvious any more, so that the admixture for the low-cost high-activity thermal curing concrete product in the technical scheme has the steel slag powder proportion regulated to be 15% -30%, and is not suitable to exceed 30%.
The admixtures of the four embodiments are used for preparing the C80 precast tubular pile, the admixtures in the embodiments are used for replacing the mineral powder and gypsum composite material (the proportion of the mineral powder to the gypsum is 4: 1) in the original proportion, the 1d and 3d steam-cured strength and the 1d and 3d standard-cured strength tests are carried out, the test is compared with the condition of doping 30% pure mineral powder, the steam-cured system is static for 4 hours, the temperature is raised to 55 ℃ in 1 hour, the constant temperature is 1 hour, the temperature is raised to 90 ℃ in 2 hours, the constant temperature is 3 hours, the mould is taken out, the mould is cooled to the room temperature, and the strength is measured. The 3d steam-curing strength is that the steamed and cured product is placed in a laboratory to the age of 3 d. The specific mixture ratio is shown in the following table 2, and the test result is shown in the following table 3.
Table 2: concrete mixing ratio (unit: kg/m) of C80 prefabricated pipe pile3)
| Water (W) | Cement | Blending material | Sand | Stone (stone) | Additive agent |
| 130 | 364 | 156 | 663 | 1128 | 5.72 |
Table 3: influence of low-cost high-activity thermal curing admixture on early strength of pipe pile
From the early test results:
after the four embodiments of the admixture are adopted, the 1d steam-curing strength is improved by 5-10 MPa compared with that of S95 mineral powder with the same amount, and is improved by 2-5 MPa compared with that of a conventional S95 mineral powder and gypsum excitation system. The concrete of the C80 pipe pile achieves the aim that the compressive strength reaches 80MPa after steaming for 1d, has obvious early strength effect, and is still higher than that of a conventional admixture system after standing to 3d after steaming. Under the standard culture condition, the developed high-activity admixture also has a remarkable early strength effect, particularly the 1d strength of the standard culture, the early strength effect is more remarkable and is increased to 39.2MPa from 31.6MPa at most, and the 1d strength of the conventional S95 mineral powder and gypsum excitation system is greatly reduced under the standard culture condition. The strength is reduced after the standard curing for 3 days, which shows that the high-activity admixture plays more roles in the early stage, and has important roles in demoulding concrete products as soon as possible and improving the turnover efficiency.
The admixture of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 4 is used for preparing C30 prefabricated laminated plate concrete, 10-20% of cement in the original proportion is replaced by the admixture of the embodiment, 1d steam curing strength and 1d and 3d standard curing strength tests are carried out, the test results are compared with the original proportion, the steam curing system is that the concrete is stood for 2 hours after forming, then the temperature is raised to 50 ℃ for 2 hours, the temperature is kept at 50 ℃ for 4 hours, and the concrete is taken out, demoulded and cooled to room temperature, and then the strength is measured. The specific formulation is shown in Table 4 below, and the test results are shown in Table 5 below.
Table 4: concrete mixing ratio (unit: kg/m) of C30 prefabricated laminated slab3)
Table 5: influence of low-cost high-activity thermal curing admixture on concrete strength of C30 prefabricated laminated slab
| Numbering | Slump/mm | 1d steam curing strength/MPa | Standard 1d strength/MPa |
| 1 | 40 | 24.6 | 17.1 |
| 2 | 55 | 26.4 | 17.8 |
| 3 | 55 | 26.9 | 16.8 |
| 4 | 60 | 25.0 | 15.4 |
| 5 | 55 | 25.9 | 15.7 |
From the test results it can be seen that: after the admixture in the embodiment 1 is used for replacing 40-80 kg of cement, the 1d steam curing strength of the concrete is improved to some extent, the improvement amplitude can reach 10% at most, but the standard curing strength is slightly higher than the reference proportion only when 40kg of cement is replaced, which indicates that the high-activity admixture is more suitable for the thermal curing condition of the concrete with low strength grade. The admixture of example 4 was relatively less active, but still had a 1d steam set strength higher than the baseline formulation when 40kg of cement was replaced. For prefabricated part manufacturers, in winter, steam curing is required to accelerate strength development, and the admixture in the embodiment can improve the steam curing strength of concrete.
Based on the concrete strength data research, the cost of the admixture is analyzed, the common II-grade steel slag is lower than 200 Yuan/ton S95 mineral powder, the silica fume is higher than 800 Yuan/ton S95 mineral powder, the desulfurized gypsum is lower than 250 Yuan/ton S95 mineral powder, and the quicklime powder is lower than 50 Yuan/ton S95 mineral powder, so that the final cost of the admixture in the embodiments 1-4 is comprehensively calculated according to the proportion of the substituted mineral powder and is respectively lower than 19.5 Yuan/ton, 26.5 Yuan/ton, 34 Yuan/ton and 41 Yuan/ton S95 mineral powder, and the cost saving proportion reaches 5-12%. Therefore, the admixture for the thermal curing concrete product can save cost, improve thermal curing activity, utilize steel slag and have important economic benefit, social benefit and industrialization value.
Claims (9)
1. The admixture for the low-cost high-activity thermal curing concrete product is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
55 to 80 percent of mineral powder, 15 to 30 percent of steel slag powder, 2 to 5 percent of silica fume, 2 to 8 percent of gypsum and 1 to 2 percent of quicklime powder.
2. The admixture for low-cost high-activity hot-curing concrete products as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ore fines are S95 ore fines.
3. The admixture for low-cost high-activity thermal curing concrete products as claimed in claim 1, wherein said steel slag powder has a specific surface area of not more than 450m2The activity index of the catalyst per kg and 28d is 65-75 percent.
4. The low cost high activity of claim 1The admixture for thermal curing concrete products is characterized in that the specific surface area of the silica fume is not less than 18000m2/kg。
5. The admixture for low-cost high-activity thermal-curing concrete products as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gypsum is industrial desulfurization by-product gypsum in which the content of calcium sulfate dihydrate is not less than 70%.
6. The admixture for low-cost high-activity thermal-curing concrete products as claimed in claim 1, wherein said quicklime powder is industrial-grade quicklime powder, and the content of CaO is not less than 80%.
7. The admixture for low-cost high-activity thermal-curing concrete products as claimed in claim 1, wherein the 1d steam-curing activity index of the admixture is more than 110%, and the 3d steam-curing activity index of the admixture is more than 120%.
8. Use of the low-cost high-activity admixture for thermal-curing concrete products according to any one of claims 1 to 7 as a substitute for mineral fines in thermal-curing concrete products.
9. Use of the admixture for low-cost high-activity thermal-curing concrete products according to any one of claims 1 to 7 as a substitute for 10 to 20% of cement in thermal-curing concrete products.
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