CN112916611B - Hot rolling process for improving ingot segregation form of large-section hot-rolled round steel - Google Patents
Hot rolling process for improving ingot segregation form of large-section hot-rolled round steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN112916611B CN112916611B CN202011592860.0A CN202011592860A CN112916611B CN 112916611 B CN112916611 B CN 112916611B CN 202011592860 A CN202011592860 A CN 202011592860A CN 112916611 B CN112916611 B CN 112916611B
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- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/02—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs, blooms, or billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant ; Rolling combined with forging or pressing
- B21B1/04—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs, blooms, or billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant ; Rolling combined with forging or pressing in a continuous process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/02—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs, blooms, or billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant ; Rolling combined with forging or pressing
- B21B1/026—Rolling
Abstract
The invention discloses a hot rolling process for improving the ingot segregation form of large-section hot-rolled round steel, which aims at a continuous casting billet with the cross section size of 410mm multiplied by 530mm, and reduces the ingot segregation length-width ratio in the hot-rolled round steel from 1.30 to the level close to 1 by utilizing reasonable hot-rolling pass deformation distribution. The process method can reduce the probability of cracking caused by the fact that the ingot-shaped segregation corner flows to the surface of the part in the subsequent hot forming process. The rolling process principle of the invention is simple, the deformation of each pass is easy to memorize, and the operator can conveniently memorize. The deformation and the total deformation of each pass of the rolling process are reasonably set, so that the instability and torsion of the billet caused by excessive deformation are avoided, and the safety of the rolling process and the smooth production are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material processing, in particular to a hot rolling process for large-section hot-rolled round steel, and specifically relates to a hot rolling process for improving the ingot segregation form of the large-section hot-rolled round steel.
Background
Ingot segregation means that when growing along with a columnar crystal region from outside to inside in the solidification process of an ingot or a continuous casting billet, impurity elements are enriched at the solidification front, and finally a circle of segregation region with obviously higher contents of alloy elements and impurity elements is formed at the junction of the columnar crystal region and a central equiaxed crystal region. Due to the similar growth rate of the columnar crystal zone at each position, the ring segregation is generally similar to the shape of an ingot or a continuous casting billet, and is called ingot segregation. The ingot-shaped segregation part has obviously lower plastic toughness and larger brittleness compared with other positions because of the high content of alloy elements and impurity elements. These locations are also prone to the occurrence of agglomerated inclusions, which tend to crack when subjected to forces.
For a large-section hot-rolled round steel bar obtained by continuous casting, ingot-shaped segregation is usually rectangular under the influence of the size of a crystallizer, and the distances from all positions to the surface of the outer circle of the bar are inconsistent. Especially, when the length and width of ingot segregation are large and deviate from a square shape obviously, the corner part is closer to the outer circle surface of the bar. When the bar is subjected to subsequent hot die forging to form parts, ingot segregation, which is originally located near the radius position of 1/2, can flow to the surface along with the metal, so that the part cracking tendency is increased. Therefore, it is important to reduce the length-width ratio of ingot segregation and to increase the distance from the ingot segregation to the outer circumferential surface of the bar material, thereby improving the yield of parts.
In order to ensure the quality and the smooth production of the large-section continuous casting billet, the size of ingot segregation in the continuous casting billet with the same cross section size has small fluctuation, but the shape has no obvious difference, and the ingot segregation is usually a rectangle with the length-width ratio of 1.2-1.3. If the slab is not subject to control of the segregation morphology of the ingot during hot rolling, the aspect ratio is inherited into the rod and increases even further. In the hot rolling process, the deformation temperature is high and the deformation permeation is good in the stage from a continuous casting billet with a rectangular cross section to a square intermediate billet, and the length-width ratio of ingot segregation can be changed by designing a hot rolling process, so that a process window is provided for improving the form of ingot segregation in large-section hot-rolled round steel and improving the quality of the round steel and subsequent parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a hot rolling method for improving a shaped segregation form, aiming at the problem that the ingot segregation length-width ratio in large-section hot-rolled round steel is large. The method reduces the ingot type segregation length-width ratio in the hot-rolled round steel to a level close to 1 by utilizing reasonable hot-rolling pass deformation distribution aiming at the continuous casting billet with the cross section size of 410mm multiplied by 530mm, and can reduce the probability of cracking caused by the fact that an ingot type segregation corner flows to the surface of a part in the subsequent hot forming process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the continuous casting billet is rolled to a square intermediate billet of 255mm multiplied by 255mm by a reversible roughing mill, and the ingot segregation length-width ratio is reduced by asymmetric infiltration deformation in the process. And then, carrying out pass rolling by using a continuous rolling unit to finish-roll the intermediate billet to the required round steel size. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: heating the continuous casting slab to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4h, and discharging;
s2: after water descaling, the continuous casting billet is deformed by 3-10 mm of reduction in length and width directions;
s3: the long side direction of the continuous casting billet undergoes continuous 2-pass large deformation, and the billet does not rotate in the process; total deformation of about 100 mm;
s4: the billet undergoes continuous 4-pass small deformation after rotating by 90 degrees, and the billet is not rotated in the process; total deformation of about 85 mm;
s5: the billet is rotated by 90 degrees and then undergoes continuous 2-pass large-deformation again, and the billet is not rotated in the process; total deformation of about 100 mm;
s6: the billet is rotated by 90 degrees and then undergoes continuous 4-pass small deformation again, and the billet is not rotated in the process; total deformation of about 100 mm;
s7: the billet is rotated by 90 degrees and then undergoes continuous 2-pass large-deformation again, and the billet is not rotated in the process; total deformation of about 100 mm;
s8: the billet is deformed by proper deformation after rotating for 90 degrees and is rolled into a square intermediate billet with the thickness of 255mm multiplied by 255 mm;
s9: the continuous rolling unit rolls the intermediate billet to the required round steel size through pass rolling;
the diameter range of the finished product of the finish rolling round steel bar is 80-180 mm.
In the step S1, the cross-sectional dimension of the continuous casting slab is 410mm multiplied by 530mm, wherein the ingot segregation length-width ratio is 1.30.
In the steps S2 and S3, the long side direction refers to the side with the length of 530mm in the continuous casting billet, and the wide side direction refers to the side with the length of 410 mm.
In the steps S3 to S7, the billet rotated by 90 ° means that the billet is rolled from the long side direction of the original slab to the short side direction, or from the short side direction of the original slab to the long side direction.
In the steps S3-S7, the large deformation means that the deformation of each 1 pass is 45-60 mm; the small deformation amount means that the deformation amount is 20-25 mm per 1 pass.
In the steps S3-S7, in the continuous 2-pass or continuous 4-pass deformation, the deformation of each 1-pass is the average distribution of the total deformation of the step, or the deformation of the first-pass is slightly larger than that of the subsequent-pass, and the difference of the deformation of each-pass in one step is not more than 20mm, so as to ensure the deformation infiltration effect.
In the steps S3-S7, the deviation of the total deformation amount in each step is not more than 10mm, and the length-width ratio of the billet in the rolling process is not more than 1.40, so that the deformation stability of the billet is ensured.
In the step S9, the finish rolling is deformation-symmetric groove type continuous rolling, and the diameter range of the finished product round steel bar is 80-180 mm.
Specifically, as seen from the slab size, the aspect ratio of the segregation of the original ingot shape is about 1.30. In order to reduce the length-width ratio, the fluidity of the core metal needs to be increased when the long edge of the continuous casting billet is pressed down, so that the length of the long edge of the ingot segregation is reduced more quickly. The larger the single-pass deformation, the better the deformation permeability and the more core metal flows. On the other hand, the surface of the billet where the deformation mainly occurs has little metal deformation inside the ingot segregation. In order to avoid the phenomenon that the billet is unstable and distorted due to overlarge single-pass reduction deformation, the technical scheme provided by the invention selects 2-pass large deformation when the long side of the cross section of the continuous casting billet is rolled, and selects 4-pass small deformation when the short side of the cross section of the continuous casting billet is rolled. When the continuous casting slab is roughly rolled to a 255mm multiplied by 255mm intermediate slab, the ingot segregation length-width ratio is obviously reduced, a blank is provided for subsequent symmetrical deformation pass continuous finish rolling, and the ingot segregation form in the finished product hot rolling round steel is ensured.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
in the scheme of the invention, the rolling process puts requirements on the heating and heat-preserving temperature and time of the continuous casting billet. The basic condition for controlling the reasonable deformation of the billet during rolling is to ensure that the temperature of the metal at the core of the continuous casting billet is uniform and the metal reaches the most easily deformed degree. After being heated to 1200 ℃, the continuous casting billet has good plasticity and is easy to deform. The heat preservation at 1200 ℃ for 3-4h is ensured by ensuring that the core metal reaches the temperature and the temperature is uniform.
In the scheme of the invention, the rolling process puts requirements on the pretreatment of the continuous casting billet after the heating and discharging. The purpose of water descaling is to remove hard, brittle and thick oxide skin generated when a continuous casting billet is heated, and to ensure the size and the surface quality of a steel billet. The long side and the wide side are respectively subjected to 3-10 mm pressing deformation, so that the oxide skin which is not completely removed by water descaling can be further removed; and meanwhile, a certain compressive stress is applied to the surface of the steel billet in advance, so that surface cracking caused by subsequent deformation is prevented.
In the scheme of the invention, the rolling process puts requirements on the deformation system when the long side and the short side of the cross section of the continuous casting billet are rolled. On the premise of avoiding the instability of the steel billet, after the long side is deformed by large deformation of 2 continuous passes, the steel billet is rotated by 90 degrees, and the short side is deformed by small deformation of 4 continuous passes. Rolling is performed in one cycle. Better deformation and penetration can be obtained when the long side is rolled, the metal flow of the core part is increased, and the speed of reducing the distance between the ingot-shaped segregation vertical to the long side is improved; the flow of the core metal is reduced when the short sides are rolled, reducing the rate of distance reduction between ingot segmentations perpendicular to the short sides. Under the influence of temperature drop and width change of the steel billet (the length increase amount vertical to the pressed direction during rolling) in the hot rolling process, in order to ensure that the length-width ratio of the steel billet is not more than 1.40 after the steel billet is rolled in one period, the total deformation of the long side and the total deformation of the short side in each period are respectively 100mm, 85mm, 100mm and 100mm (only the long side), and the total deformation error range is not more than 10 mm. In order to ensure that the deformation permeation effect of each pass is close, the deformation amount of each step is divided equally or the deformation amount of the first pass is slightly larger, and the deformation amount difference of each pass is not more than 20 mm.
In the scheme of the invention, the rolling process puts requirements on the size of the intermediate billet after rough rolling. After the hot rolling deformation of S3-S7, the intermediate billet is rolled into a square shape of 255mm multiplied by 255mm after a small amount of deformation, so that a subsequent finishing mill group with symmetrical deformation can conveniently carry out hole type continuous rolling to obtain the required size of the hot rolled round steel. The length-width ratio of ingot segregation is not changed because of symmetrical deformation in the finish rolling process. The diameter range of the finished product round steel bar subjected to finish rolling is 80-180 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the length-width ratio of ingot segregation in the hot-rolled round steel can be reduced from 1.30 to a level close to 1. Under the condition that the ingot segregation area in the continuous casting billet cannot be changed, the distance from the ingot segregation corner part in the hot-rolled round steel to the surface of the outer circle is reduced as much as possible, and the quality of the steel is improved.
(2) The rolling process principle of the invention is simple, the deformation of each pass is easy to memorize, and the operator can conveniently memorize.
(3) The deformation and the total deformation of each pass of the rolling process are reasonably set, so that the instability and torsion of the billet caused by excessive deformation are avoided, and the safety of the rolling process and the smooth production are ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows the cross-sectional profile of a round steel bar of comparative example 1, which was not rolled by the process, in 4 different positions. The white chalk is marked as the contour of the ingot-shaped segregation, and the numbers below the picture are the length and width values of the ingot-shaped segregation in mm.
Figure 2 is the cross-sectional profile of 4 different positions of round steel rolled by the process in example 1. The white chalk is marked as the contour of the ingot-shaped segregation, and the numbers below the picture are the length and width values of the ingot-shaped segregation in mm.
Detailed Description
Comparative example 1
Heating a continuous casting billet with a cross section of 410mm multiplied by 530mm to 1200 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4h, discharging the continuous casting billet out of the furnace and descaling by water. And performing reversible rough rolling and fine continuous rolling to obtain hot rolled round steel with the diameter of 160 mm. Wherein the rough rolling process is shown in table 1. In order to avoid the influence of the size fluctuation of ingot segregation in the continuous casting billet, 4 different positions of the bar produced by the branch continuous casting billet are sampled and analyzed. The appearance of the hot-rolled round steel after the cross section of the sampling position is thermally eroded is shown in the attached drawing 1, and the outline of ingot segregation is marked by white chalk. The 4 position ingot segregation aspect ratio data is shown in table 3.
As shown in Table 1, in the case of rough rolling, comparative example 1 shows no significant difference between the single-pass deformation and the distribution of the deformation when the long and short sides of the slab are rolled. The deformation permeation effect is consistent when the long side and the short side are rolled. As can be seen from Table 3, the average length-to-width ratio of the ingot segregation in the finished round steel was 1.30, which is consistent with the original ingot segregation length-to-width ratio in the continuous casting slab. The ingot segregation morphology was not improved.
Example 1
Continuously casting a continuous casting billet with the adjacent cross section of 410mm multiplied by 530mm, heating to 1200 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4h, discharging and descaling by water. And performing reversible rough rolling and fine continuous rolling to obtain hot rolled round steel with the diameter of 160 mm. Wherein the rough rolling process is shown in table 2. In order to avoid the influence of the size fluctuation of ingot segregation in the continuous casting billet, 4 different positions of the bar produced by the branch continuous casting billet are sampled and analyzed. The appearance of the hot-rolled round steel after the cross section of the sampling position is thermally eroded is shown in the attached figure 2, and the outline of ingot segregation is marked by white chalk. The 4 position ingot segregation aspect ratio data is shown in table 3.
As shown in table 2, in the case of rough rolling, example 1 was performed according to the rolling process of the present invention while the long and short sides of the slab were rolled. The total amount of deformation of the long side and the total amount of deformation of the short side were 100mm, 85mm and 100mm, 100mm and 100mm (only the long side) respectively for each period. Rolling the long side in 2 passes; the short side is rolled in 4 passes, and the deformation of each pass is obviously reduced. The deformation and penetration effect is better when the long side is rolled than the short side. As can be seen from Table 3, the average length-to-width ratio of the ingot segregation in the finished round steel is 1.10, which is significantly smaller than the original ingot segregation length-to-width ratio in the continuous casting slab. The ingot segregation morphology is improved.
Table 1 comparative example 1 roughing process
Injecting: the reference numeral 1 denotes that the billet is rotated by 90 ° in this pass, and 0 denotes that the billet is not rotated and continuously deformed. The same applies below.
Table 2 example 1 roughing process
TABLE 3 ingot segregation aspect ratio of finished round steel products of comparative example 1 and example 1
| Aspect ratio 1 | Aspect ratio 2 | Aspect ratio 3 | Aspect ratio 4 | Mean value of | |
| Comparative example 1 | 1.40 | 1.23 | 1.27 | 1.30 | 1.30 |
| Example 1 | 1.06 | 1.08 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.10 |
As can be seen from the ingot segregation aspect ratio data of the finished round steel products in comparative example 1 and example 1, the ingot segregation aspect ratio in the finished round steel product in comparative example 1 is almost consistent with the ingot segregation aspect ratio in the continuous casting billet, still 1.30, and the ingot segregation morphology is not improved. After rolling according to the embodiment of the present invention, the average length-width ratio of ingot segregation of the round steel in example 1 was reduced to 1.10, and the ingot segregation morphology was improved. The smaller ingot segregation aspect ratio enables the ingot segregation corner in the round steel in the embodiment 1 to be farther away from the surface of the round steel, and the risk of surface cracking of parts obtained by subsequent hot forming is lower.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A hot rolling process for improving the ingot segregation morphology of large-section hot-rolled round steel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: heating the continuous casting slab to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4h, and discharging;
s2: after water descaling, the continuous casting billet is deformed by 3-10 mm of reduction in the directions of the long side and the wide side;
s3: the long side direction of the continuous casting billet undergoes continuous 2-pass large deformation, and the billet does not rotate in the process; total deformation 100 mm;
s4: the billet undergoes continuous 4-pass small deformation after rotating by 90 degrees, and the billet is not rotated in the process; total deformation 85 mm;
s5: the billet is rotated by 90 degrees and then undergoes continuous 2-pass large-deformation again, and the billet is not rotated in the process; total deformation 100 mm;
s6: the billet is rotated by 90 degrees and then undergoes continuous 4-pass small deformation again, and the billet is not rotated in the process; total deformation 100 mm;
s7: the billet is rotated by 90 degrees and then undergoes continuous 2-pass large-deformation again, and the billet is not rotated in the process; total deformation 100 mm;
s8: the billet is deformed by proper deformation after rotating for 90 degrees and is rolled into a square intermediate billet with the thickness of 255mm multiplied by 255 mm;
s9: and the continuous rolling unit is used for finish rolling the intermediate billet to the required round steel size through pass rolling.
2. The hot rolling process for improving the ingot segregation morphology of the large-section hot-rolled round steel according to claim 1, wherein the hot rolling process comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the cross-sectional dimension of the continuous casting slab is 410mm multiplied by 530mm, wherein the ingot segregation length-width ratio is 1.30.
3. The hot rolling process for improving the ingot segregation morphology of the large-section hot-rolled round steel according to claim 1, wherein the hot rolling process comprises the following steps: in the steps S2 and S3, the long side direction refers to the side with the length of 530mm in the continuous casting billet, and the wide side direction refers to the side with the length of 410 mm.
4. The hot rolling process for improving the ingot segregation morphology of the large-section hot-rolled round steel according to claim 1, wherein the hot rolling process comprises the following steps: in the steps S3 to S7, the billet rotated by 90 ° means that the billet is rolled from the long side direction of the original slab to the short side direction, or from the short side direction of the original slab to the long side direction.
5. The hot rolling process for improving the ingot segregation morphology of the large-section hot-rolled round steel according to claim 1, wherein the hot rolling process comprises the following steps: in the steps S3-S7, the large deformation means that the deformation of each 1 pass is 45-60 mm; the small deformation amount means that the deformation amount is 20-25 mm per 1 pass.
6. The hot rolling process for improving the ingot segregation morphology of the large-section hot-rolled round steel according to claim 1, wherein the hot rolling process comprises the following steps: in the steps S3-S7, in the continuous 2-pass or continuous 4-pass deformation, the deformation of each 1-pass is the average distribution of the total deformation of the step, or the deformation of the first pass is larger than that of the subsequent passes, and the difference of the deformation of each pass in one step is not larger than 20mm, so as to ensure the deformation infiltration effect.
7. The hot rolling process for improving the ingot segregation morphology of the large-section hot-rolled round steel according to claim 1, wherein the hot rolling process comprises the following steps: in the steps S3-S7, the deviation of the total deformation amount in each step is not more than 10mm, and the length-width ratio of the billet in the rolling process is not more than 1.40, so that the deformation stability of the billet is ensured.
8. The hot rolling process for improving the ingot segregation morphology of the large-section hot-rolled round steel according to claim 1, wherein the hot rolling process comprises the following steps: in the step S9, the finish rolling is deformation-symmetric groove type continuous rolling, and the diameter range of the finished product round steel bar is 80-180 mm.
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