CN112911308B - H.266/VVC fast motion estimation method and storage medium - Google Patents
H.266/VVC fast motion estimation method and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
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- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/157—Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter
- H04N19/159—Prediction type, e.g. intra-frame, inter-frame or bidirectional frame prediction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
- H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
- H04N19/567—Motion estimation based on rate distortion criteria
Abstract
The invention relates to a fast motion estimation method of H.266/VVC and a storage medium, belonging to the field of video coding, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1, after the current CU encoded by the encoder completes the normal motion estimation, the CU data being encoded is obtained. S2, according to the CU data of step S1, if the current coding CU has a parent CU and the parent CU is in skip mode, the next step S3 is entered, otherwise, the step S6 is entered. S3, if the optimal mode of the conventional motion estimation is bidirectional prediction L2, then carry out the 4-affine motion estimation of L0, L1 and L2 and enter S4, otherwise carry out the 4-affine motion estimation of L0 and L1 and enter S5. S4, if the optimal prediction mode of the 4-affine motion estimation is L2, the 6-affine motion estimation of L0, L1 and L2 is carried out and the S6 is entered, otherwise, the S5 is entered. S5, perform 6-affine motion estimation of L0, L1, and proceed to S6. And S6, comparing the rate distortion cost values of the modes which are already carried out, and selecting the mode with the minimum rate distortion cost as the optimal prediction mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of Video coding, and particularly relates to a universal Video coding VVC (scalable Video coding) fast motion estimation algorithm and a storage medium, which can be applied to scenes such as a mobile terminal and the like needing lower Video coding operation complexity.
Background
The universal Video Coding (VVC), a new generation of Video Coding standard jointly established by MPEG of ISO/IEC and VCEG of ITU-T, has been promulgated in 7 months in 2020. The standard technology is applied to various commercial scenes such as 4K videos, 8K videos, live and immersive media and the like. VVC still continues to use a technology based on block Coding, and improves Coding Efficiency by introducing many new technologies based on the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) framework of the previous generation. Compared with the HEVC Test Model (HM), the coding performance of the VTM10.0 in the Random Access (RA) mode is improved by about 40%, but the coding time is increased by over 900%, which makes the VVC difficult to be put into practical application. Therefore, under the conditions of ensuring that the video quality is basically unchanged and the coding performance loss is small, how to greatly reduce the computation complexity of the VVC becomes an important research direction of current video coding researchers.
The VVC still continues to use the HEVC block-based coding technique, and can be divided into intra-frame coding and inter-frame coding in terms of coding modes. The interframe coding mode mainly utilizes the correlation of adjacent video frames to eliminate time redundancy so as to improve coding efficiency, but also brings higher computational complexity, and the main source of the computational complexity is motion estimation, namely a technology for seeking a pixel block which is most similar to a current coding block in a reference frame. While VVC differs from HEVC in that VVC introduces more complex affine motion estimation to cope with the rotation scaling problem in video sequences. Affine motion estimation is divided into four-parameter affine motion estimation and six-parameter affine motion estimation, and the computation complexity of the affine motion estimation far exceeds the conventional motion estimation in HEVC. In general, four-parameter affine motion estimation, six-parameter affine motion estimation and conventional motion estimation are performed in VVC, each motion estimation including forward prediction, backward prediction and bidirectional prediction, which significantly increases encoding time although encoding efficiency is significantly improved. Therefore, if the whole motion estimation process can be simplified while the coding efficiency and the video quality are not lost as much as possible, the coding time is shortened, the implementation cost of the VVC coder is reduced, and the VVC coder is beneficial to practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving the above problems of the prior art. An H.266/VVC fast motion estimation method and a storage medium for reducing encoding time are provided. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an H.266/VVC fast motion estimation method, comprising the following steps:
and S1, when the encoder completes the conventional motion estimation on the current coding CU, acquiring the coding data of the current CU.
S2, according to the CU data in the step S1, if the parent CU exists in the current coding CU and the parent CU is in skip mode, the next step S3 is carried out, and if not, the next step S6 is carried out.
S3, if the optimal mode of the conventional motion estimation is bidirectional prediction L2, then perform 4-affine motion estimation of L0, L1 and L2 and enter S4, otherwise perform 4-affine motion estimation of L0 and L1 and enter S5. The 4-affine motion estimation refers to four-parameter affine motion estimation, namely, four parameters, namely, a horizontal component and a vertical component of a motion vector corresponding to the top left corner and the top right corner of a CU. L0 and L1 denote forward prediction and backward prediction, respectively.
S4, if the optimal prediction mode of the 4-affine motion estimation is L2, the 6-affine motion estimation of L0, L1 and L2 is carried out and the S6 is entered, otherwise, the S5 is entered. 6-affine motion estimation refers to six-parameter affine motion estimation, i.e., the horizontal and vertical components of the corresponding motion vector at the top left, bottom left, and top right of the CU.
S5, perform 6-affine motion estimation for L0 and L1, and proceed to S6.
S6, comparing the rate distortion cost values of the L0, L1 and L2 modes which are already carried out in the conventional motion estimation, the 4-affine motion estimation and the 6-affine motion estimation, selecting the mode with the minimum rate distortion cost as the optimal prediction mode, and ending the motion estimation process.
Further, in step S1, there are three types of motion estimation for h.266/VVC, which are conventional motion estimation, 4-affine motion estimation and 6-affine six-parameter affine motion estimation. The purpose of motion estimation is to find the most similar image block in the reference frame for the image block in the current area, and each motion estimation includes three prediction modes, i.e., forward prediction L0, backward prediction L1 and bidirectional prediction L2. After the conventional motion estimation, the rate-distortion cost values of the three prediction modes L0, L1 and L2 are obtained. The rate distortion cost value is an index for measuring the coding performance, the lower the rate distortion cost is, the better the performance is, and the calculation method is shown in formula (1), wherein J is the rate distortion cost value; r is the coding bit rate, which is used to measure the coding efficiency; d is distortion, and the difference between the reconstructed block and the original block is measured; λ is the Lagrangian constant.
J＝λR+D (1)
Furthermore, the rate distortion cost value J is calculated without manual setting or modification
The motion estimation for the mode can then be derived from the encoder extraction parameters, and the CU data includes the coding structure of the current CU and the rate-distortion cost for each mode. The coding structure is a data structure in the encoder; the rate-distortion cost values of L0 and L1 are stored in an array uiCost and can be obtained through indexes 0 and 1 respectively; the rate-distortion cost value of L2 is stored in uiBiCost.
Further, in step S2, the parent CU is a CU at a higher level than the current encoding CU, and the encoded data of the CU can be accessed through the coding structure of the current CU. skip mode is a prediction mode of inter-coding and is stored in coded data. If the parent CU uses the skip mode as the inter prediction mode, it is described that the motion of the image area is simple and prediction by complicated affine motion estimation is not necessary.
Further, in step S3, the mode with the smallest rate-distortion cost is the optimal prediction mode in the motion estimation category. If the optimal mode of the conventional motion estimation is L2, performing 4-affine motion estimation of all modes and proceeding to step S4, and then the encoder will save the optimal mode in the conventional motion estimation and the rate-distortion cost values of the L0, L1 and L2 modes in the 4-affine motion estimation; otherwise, only 4-affine motion estimation of L0 and L1 is performed, and then the rate-distortion cost values of the L2 mode in the conventional motion estimation and the L0 and L1 modes in the 4-affine motion estimation are saved in the encoder.
Further, in step S4, if the optimal mode of 4-affine motion estimation is L2, the method proceeds to step S6 after performing 6-affine motion estimation of all modes, and then the encoder will save the rate-distortion cost values of the optimal mode of conventional motion estimation, 4-affine motion estimation, and the rate-distortion cost values of the L0, L1, and L2 modes of 6-affine motion estimation. Otherwise, the process proceeds to S5.
Further, in step S5, 6-affine motion estimation of L0 and L1 is performed, in which case the conventional motion estimation, the rate-distortion cost of the optimal mode of 4-affine motion estimation, and the rate-distortion cost of 6-affine of L0 and L1 are saved in the encoder.
Further, in step S6, the rate-distortion cost values of all modes in the conventional motion estimation, the 4-affine motion estimation and the 6-affine motion estimation are compared, and the mode with the smallest rate-distortion cost is selected as the final result of the motion estimation.
A storage medium having stored therein a computer program which, when read by a processor, performs the method of any of claims 1 to 8.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention provides an H.266/VVC fast motion estimation method and a storage medium aiming at the problem of overhigh operation complexity of an H.266/VVC encoder. Firstly, whether affine motion estimation of four parameters and six parameters is skipped is determined by judging whether a parent CU adopts a skip mode. And then, by utilizing the time correlation of the video sequence, part of motion estimation modes are skipped under proper conditions, and under the conditions of less coding efficiency loss and negligible image quality loss, the coding operation complexity is effectively reduced, so that the method can be applied to scenes such as a mobile terminal and the like which need lower video coding operation complexity.
The innovation of the invention is mainly in the right 2, the right 3, the right 4 and the right 5, and the coding process in the invention is used for replacing the original coding process of the coder. When four-parameter affine motion estimation is executed, the result of conventional motion estimation is referred to further determine whether to skip a part of modes; when six-parameter affine motion estimation is performed, the result of four-parameter affine motion estimation is referred to determine whether to skip a partial mode. The advantage of this is that the algorithm has no extra data to be calculated, and does not need to extract pixel points to analyze the complexity of texture, or extract information from the reference frame, etc., so it will not bring any computational burden to the encoder, and it is easy to implement because the logic of the algorithm is not complex.
At present, few documents are available about the H.266/VVC interframe coding acceleration algorithm, and the acceleration effect of some algorithms is not obvious. Therefore, the invention has stronger innovation and practicability.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for fast motion estimation of H.266/VVC in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and clearly with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, it is a flowchart of a method for estimating h.266/VVC fast motion provided by the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps:
s1, when the encoder completes the conventional motion estimation to the current encoding CU, the encoding data of the current CU, namely the coding structure, uiCost and uiBiCost, are obtained.
S2, according to the CU data in the step S1, if the parent CU exists in the current coding CU and the parent CU is in skip mode, the next step S3 is carried out, and if not, the next step S6 is carried out.
S3, if the optimal mode of the conventional motion estimation is bidirectional prediction L2, carrying out 4-affine motion estimation of L0, L1 and L2 and entering S4; otherwise, 4-affine motion estimation of L0 and L1 is performed and S5 is entered.
S4, if the optimal prediction mode of the 4-affine motion estimation is L2, carrying out 6-affine motion estimation of L0, L1 and L2 and entering S6; otherwise, the process proceeds to S5.
S5, perform 6-affine motion estimation for L0 and L1, and proceed to S6.
And S6, comparing the rate distortion cost values of the modes which are already carried out, selecting the mode with the minimum rate distortion cost as the optimal prediction mode, and ending the motion estimation process.
Preferably, in step S1, there are three types of motion estimation for h.266/VVC, which are conventional motion estimation, 4-affine motion estimation and 6-affine six-parameter affine motion estimation. The purpose of motion estimation is to find the most similar image block in the reference frame for the image block in the current region, and each motion estimation includes three prediction modes, i.e., forward prediction L0, backward prediction L1, and bi-prediction L2. After performing conventional motion estimation, rate-distortion cost values of three prediction modes, L0, L1 and L2, are obtained. The rate distortion cost value is an index for measuring the coding performance, and the lower the rate distortion cost value is, the better the performance is. The rate distortion cost value is calculated according to the formula (1), wherein J is the rate distortion cost value; r is the coding bit rate, which is used to measure the coding efficiency; d is distortion, and the difference between the reconstructed block and the original block is measured; λ is the lagrange constant.
J＝λR+D (1)
Preferably, the rate-distortion cost value J is calculated without manual setting or modification, and the parameters can be extracted by an encoder after the motion estimation of the corresponding mode is performed. The CU data comprises a coding structure of the current CU and rate distortion cost of each mode, wherein the coding structure is a data structure in an encoder; the rate-distortion cost values of L0 and L1 are stored in an array uiCost and can be obtained through indexes 0 and 1 respectively; the rate-distortion cost value of L2 is stored in uiBiCost.
Preferably, in step S2, the parent CU is a CU at a higher level than the current CU, and the encoded data of the parent CU can be accessed through the coding structure of the current CU. skip mode is a prediction mode of inter-coding and is stored in coded data. If the parent CU uses the skip mode as the inter prediction mode, it is easy to describe the motion of the image in the area, and it is not necessary to perform prediction by complicated affine motion estimation.
Preferably, in step S3, the mode with the smallest rate-distortion cost is the optimal prediction mode in the motion estimation category. If the optimal mode of the conventional motion estimation is L2, performing 4-affine motion estimation of all modes and proceeding to step S4, and then the encoder will save the rate-distortion cost values of the optimal mode in the conventional motion estimation and the L0, L1 and L2 modes in the 4-affine motion estimation; otherwise, only 4-affine motion estimation of L0 and L1 is performed, and then the encoder will save the rate-distortion cost values of the L2 mode in conventional motion estimation and the L0 and L1 modes in 4-affine motion estimation.
Preferably, in the step S4, if the optimal mode of 4-affine motion estimation is L2, the method performs 6-affine motion estimation of all modes and then proceeds to step S6, and then the encoder will save the rate-distortion cost values of the optimal modes of conventional motion estimation and 4-affine motion estimation, and the rate-distortion cost values of the modes of 6-affine motion estimation L0, L1, and L2; otherwise, the process proceeds to S5.
Preferably, in step S5, 6-affine motion estimation of L0 and L1 is performed, and the rate-distortion cost values of the optimal modes of conventional motion estimation and 4-affine motion estimation and 6-affine of L0 and L1 are saved in the encoder.
Preferably, in step S6, the rate-distortion cost values of all modes in the conventional motion estimation, the 4-affine motion estimation and the 6-affine motion estimation are compared, and the mode with the smallest rate-distortion cost is selected as the final result of the motion estimation.
A storage medium having stored therein a computer program which, when read by a processor, performs the method of any of the above.
The systems, devices, modules or units illustrated in the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer chip or an entity, or by a product with certain functions. One typical implementation device is a computer. In particular, the computer may be, for example, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a cellular telephone, a camera phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, a tablet computer, a wearable device, or a combination of any of these devices.
Computer-readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium, which can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, a computer readable medium does not include a transitory computer readable medium such as a modulated data signal and a carrier wave.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever. After reading the description of the invention, the skilled person can make various changes or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent changes and modifications also fall into the scope of the invention defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A fast motion estimation method of H.266/VVC is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, when the encoder completes the conventional motion estimation to the current encoding CU, acquiring the encoding data of the current CU;
s2, according to the CU data in the step S1, if the parent CU exists in the current coding CU and the parent CU is in a skip mode, the next step S3 is carried out; otherwise, go to S6;
s3, if the optimal mode of the conventional motion estimation is bidirectional prediction L2, carrying out 4-affine motion estimation of L0, L1 and L2 and entering S4; otherwise, performing 4-affine motion estimation of L0 and L1 and entering S5; the 4-affine motion estimation refers to four-parameter affine motion estimation, wherein the four parameters are horizontal components and vertical components of motion vectors corresponding to vertices at the upper left corner and the upper right corner of a CU; l0 and L1 denote forward prediction and backward prediction, respectively;
s4, if the optimal prediction mode of the 4-affine motion estimation is L2, carrying out 6-affine motion estimation of L0, L1 and L2 and entering S6; otherwise, entering S5, 6-affine motion estimation refers to six-parameter affine motion estimation, wherein the six parameters are horizontal components and vertical components of motion vectors corresponding to the upper left, the lower left and the upper right of the CU;
s5, performing 6-affine motion estimation of L0 and L1, and proceeding to S6;
s6, comparing the rate distortion cost values of the L0, L1 and L2 modes which are already carried out in the conventional motion estimation, the 4-affine motion estimation and the 6-affine motion estimation, selecting the mode with the minimum rate distortion cost as the optimal prediction mode, and ending the motion estimation process.
2. The fast motion estimation method for H.266/VVC according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the H.266/VVC motion estimation has three types, namely normal motion estimation, 4-affine motion estimation and 6-affine six-parameter affine motion estimation; the purpose of motion estimation is to find the most similar image block in the reference frame for the image block in the current area; each motion estimation comprises three prediction modes of forward prediction L0, backward prediction L1 and bidirectional prediction L2 so as to obtain the rate-distortion cost values of the three prediction modes of L0, L1 and L2 of the conventional motion estimation; the rate distortion cost value is an index for measuring the coding performance, the lower the rate distortion cost value is, the better the performance is, the calculation method is shown as formula (1), and J in the formula is the rate distortion cost value; r is the coding bit rate, which is used to measure the coding efficiency; d represents distortion, and the difference between the reconstructed block and the original block is measured; λ is the Lagrangian constant;
J＝λR+D (1)。
3. the h.266/VVC fast motion estimation method according to claim 2, wherein the rate-distortion cost value J is calculated without human setup or modification, and is obtained by extracting parameters from the encoder after performing motion estimation of the corresponding mode; the CU data comprises the coding structure of the current CU and the rate distortion cost value of each mode; the coding structure is a data structure in the encoder; the rate-distortion cost values of L0 and L1 are stored in an array uiCost and can be obtained through indexes 0 and 1 respectively; the rate-distortion cost value of L2 is stored in uiBiCost.
4. A method for fast motion estimation in h.266/VVC according to claim 3, wherein in step S2, the parent CU is a previous-level CU of the current CU, whose coded data can be obtained by accessing the coding structure of the current CU; the skip mode is a prediction mode for inter-frame coding, and is stored in coded data, and if the parent CU uses the skip mode as the inter-frame prediction mode, it is described that the motion of the image area is simple and prediction by complicated affine motion estimation is not necessary.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step S3, the mode with the lowest rate-distortion cost is the optimal prediction mode in the motion estimation category; if the optimal mode of the conventional motion estimation is L2, performing 4-affine motion estimation of all modes and proceeding to step S4, and then the encoder will save the rate-distortion cost values of the optimal mode in the conventional motion estimation and the L0, L1 and L2 modes in the 4-affine motion estimation; otherwise, only 4-affine motion estimation of L0 and L1 is performed, and then the encoder will save the rate-distortion cost values of the L2 mode in conventional motion estimation and the L0, L1 modes in 4-affine motion estimation.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step S4, if the optimal mode of 4-affine motion estimation is L2, then the method proceeds to step S6 after performing 6-affine motion estimation of all modes, and then the encoder saves the rate-distortion cost values of the optimal modes of regular motion estimation and 4-affine motion estimation, and the rate-distortion cost values of the L0, L1 and L2 modes of 6-affine motion estimation; otherwise, the process proceeds to S5.
7. A fast motion estimation method for H.266/VVC according to claim 6, characterized in that in step S5, the 6-affine motion estimation of L0 and L1 is performed, while the encoder keeps the normal motion estimation, the rate-distortion cost value of the best mode of 4-affine motion estimation, and the rate-distortion cost value of 6-affine of L0 and L1.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step S6, the rate-distortion cost values of all modes in the conventional motion estimation, the 4-affine motion estimation and the 6-affine motion estimation are compared, and the mode with the smallest rate-distortion cost is selected as the final result of the motion estimation.
9. A storage medium having a computer program stored therein, wherein the computer program, when read by a processor, performs the method of any of claims 1 to 8.
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