CN112911088B - Method for reading region of interest and correcting smear of full-frame CCD detector for CT - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for reading an interested area and correcting smear of a full-frame CCD detector for CT, which comprises the following steps: 1) performing DR scanning on the detected workpiece to obtain a DR image; 2) judging the number of projection lines of the region of interest, if the number of projection lines of the region of interest is greater than or equal to 1/2 of the number of lines of the CCD photosensitive region, turning to 3), and if the number of projection lines of the region of interest is less than 1/2, turning to 4); 3) shielding a small part of a CCD photosensitive area by using a ray shielding block, readjusting the position of the region of interest of the detected workpiece, performing DR exposure on the detected workpiece, reading other data except for the redundant data area at the upper end, and performing smear correction; 4) shielding half of the CCD photosensitive area by using a ray shielding block, readjusting the position of the region of interest of the detected workpiece, performing DR exposure on the detected workpiece, reading other data except the upper and lower redundant data areas, and performing smear correction; the invention reduces the reading of redundant data of the detector, realizes the quick correction of smear, shortens the scanning time and improves the CT detection efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radiation detection, in particular to a method for reading an interested area and correcting smear of a full-frame CCD detector for CT.
Background
The X-ray area array detector is an important component of a micron/nanometer focus X-ray computer tomography (micro-nano CT) system, and the image signal-to-noise ratio and the data reading speed directly influence the quality and the detection efficiency of a reconstructed CT image. In the high-precision scanning application, the high-resolution CCD/CMOS X-ray detector is widely applied, and the advantage of small effective pixel is beneficial to reducing the volume of a micro-nano CT system.
A scientific grade Full-Frame CCD (Full-Frame CCD) is one of the image sensors mainly used in high resolution CCD/CMOS X-ray detectors, and is characterized by high signal-to-noise ratio and Full-width light sensing (all pixels are used as light sensing areas). During pixel readout, if the sensor is still receiving the optical signal, it will affect the imaging, appearing as a smear on the image. Since the occurrence of such a phenomenon cannot be electronically limited, a mechanical shutter is generally adopted to isolate the optical signal reception during the image reading process, so as to effectively suppress the occurrence of image smear. In CT scanning applications, the current micron/nanometer focus X-ray source is usually in a continuous exposure mode, i.e., the radiation from the source is present after the source is turned on until the CT scan is completed. Because conventional mechanical shutters cannot isolate the radiation due to the strong penetration of X-rays, full frame CCD X-ray detectors typically employ algorithms to eliminate smear from the image based on a smear generation mechanism. Full frame CCD images are read out by line transfer, and a single pixel smear of the image is associated with all the pixel data on the pixel transfer column, so smear correction usually requires processing in conjunction with all the line data of the image.
In many CT inspection applications, the workpiece region of interest corresponds to only a portion of the detector area. Under the condition, the CT scanning is still completed by adopting a conventional full-image reading mode, a large amount of redundant data is brought, and the detection efficiency is greatly influenced. Therefore, there is a need for a region-of-interest reading and smear correction method for such applications, which can read the region-of-interest of the workpiece to be detected, avoid redundant data, and improve CT detection efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for reading an interested area and correcting smear of a full-frame CCD detector for CT, which can realize the reading of the interested area and the quick correction of the smear when the full-frame CCD detector is applied to CT scanning.
The invention is realized by the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
1) vertically installing an X-ray detector according to a line reading direction, adjusting the scanning position of a detected workpiece, and completing conventional DR scanning to obtain a DR image;
2) judging the number of projection lines of the region of interest according to the DR image in the step 1), if the number of projection lines of the region of interest is greater than or equal to 1/2 of the number of lines of the CCD photosensitive regions, turning to the step 3), and if the number of projection lines of the region of interest is less than 1/2 of the number of lines of the CCD photosensitive regions, turning to the step 4);
3) shielding a small part of a CCD photosensitive area by using a ray shielding block, readjusting the position of the region of interest of the detected workpiece to enable the region of interest to project to be aligned with the shielded CCD photosensitive area and to be close to the shielding block, carrying out DR exposure on the detected workpiece, reading other exposure data except for the redundant data area at the upper end, and carrying out smear correction;
4) shielding half of the CCD photosensitive area by using a ray shielding block, readjusting the position of the region of interest of the detected workpiece to enable the region of interest to project to be aligned with the shielded CCD photosensitive area and to be close to the shielding block, carrying out DR exposure on the detected workpiece, reading other exposure data except for the upper and lower redundant data areas, and carrying out smear correction.
Further, the specific steps of reading the other exposure data except the upper end redundant data area in the step 3) and performing smear correction are as follows:
3-1) quickly transferring rows and emptying all row data of the CCD;
3-2) effective integration of the detector;
3-3) reading 2 n Summing the data in the line mask area, and storing the summed data in a line transfer smear data storage ram 1;
and 3-4) continuously reading data until the reading of the interested area is finished, and not reading redundant data at the upper end of the CCD, and completing line smear correction in real time by combining a line transfer smear data storage ram1 and a line reading smear data storage ram2, wherein the line reading smear is exposure data increased in line reading time.
Further, the specific method for smear correction in step 3-4) is as follows:
reading DR exposure data in step 3) comprises line transfer smear and line readout smear:
in the formula (1), D a ' reading data for the a-th row, D a Is the a-th line effective integral data, M is the total number of CCD lines, delta 1 As the ratio of the line transfer time to the effective integration time, δ 2 The ratio of the line readout time to the effective integration time,
in order to transfer the smear in a row,
to moveReading out the smear;
then: line transfer smear correction by subtraction from line read data
Complete, line read smear correction subtracted from the read data
And (4) finishing.
Further, the specific steps of reading the other exposure data except the upper and lower redundant data areas in the step 4) and performing smear correction are as follows:
4-1) quickly transferring rows and emptying all row data of the CCD;
4-2) reading 2 n Summing the data in the line mask area, and storing the summed data in a line transfer smear data storage ram 1;
4-3) quickly transferring rows and emptying all row data of the CCD;
4-4) detector effective integration;
4-5) quickly transferring lines without reading redundant data at the lower end of the CCD until the first line of data in the region of interest is to be read;
4-6) reading the data of the region of interest, finishing the row smear correction by combining with a row transfer smear data storage ram1, finishing the data reading after the region of interest is read, and not reading the redundant data at the upper end of the CCD.
Further, the specific method for smear correction in step 4-6) is as follows:
reading the DR exposure data in step 4) includes the following steps:
in the formula (2), D a ' reading data for the a-th row, D a Is the effective integral data of the a-th line, M is the total line number of CCD, delta 1 As the ratio of the line transfer time to the effective integration time,
transferring smear for the line;
then: smear correction subtracted from read data
And (4) finishing.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention reduces the redundant data reading of the detector, realizes the quick correction of smear, shortens the single-graduation DR scanning time and improves the CT detection efficiency;
2. the method simplifies smear correction into addition and subtraction operation by selecting the average number of lines and matching the line reading time and the integration time, and quickly finishes the smear correction;
3. when the number of lines of the CCD photosensitive area is greater than or equal to 1/2 of the number of lines of the CCD photosensitive area, redundant data at the upper end of the CCD are not read, and when the number of lines of the CCD photosensitive area is smaller than 1/2 of the number of lines of the CCD photosensitive area, all other redundant data outside the CCD photosensitive area are not read, so that the frame reading speed is increased.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof.
Drawings
The drawings of the present invention are described below.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the placement of the shielding block in step 3) of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the placement of the shielding block in step 4) of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a timing chart of the reading in step 3) of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a timing chart of the reading in step 4) of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating data update of ram1 according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating data update of ram2 according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a shielding region; 2-CCD photosensitive area; 3-transferring smear data lines; 4-lower end redundant data area; 5-a region of interest; 6-upper redundant data area; 7-acquisition trigger.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1-7 show a method for reading an interesting region and correcting smear of a full-frame CCD detector for CT, which comprises the following steps:
1) vertically installing an X-ray detector according to a line reading direction, adjusting the scanning position of a detected workpiece, rotating the detected workpiece in steps of 90/45 degrees to complete conventional DR scanning, and obtaining a DR image;
2) judging the number of projection lines of the region of interest according to the DR image in the step 1), if the number of projection lines of the region of interest is greater than or equal to 1/2 of the number of lines of the CCD photosensitive regions, turning to the step 3), and if the number of projection lines of the region of interest is less than 1/2 of the number of lines of the CCD photosensitive regions, turning to the step 4);
3) as shown in fig. 2, a small part of the CCD photosensitive area 2 is shielded by using a ray shielding block, and the position of the region of interest of the detected workpiece is readjusted so that the projection of the region of interest is aligned to the shielded CCD photosensitive area and approaches the shielding block, DR exposure is performed on the detected workpiece, other exposure data except for the redundant data area at the upper end is read, and smear correction is performed;
4) as shown in fig. 3, a ray shielding block is used to shield half of the CCD photosensitive area 2, and the position of the region of interest of the detected workpiece is readjusted so that the region of interest is projected to be aligned with the shielded CCD photosensitive area 2 and to be close to the shielding block, DR exposure is performed on the detected workpiece, and other exposure data except for the upper and lower redundant data areas is read, and smear correction is performed.
In the embodiment of the invention, the ray shielding block is made of high-density metal such as tungsten alloy/lead and the like, the thickness of the ray shielding block is larger than 20 half-value layers, the function of the shielding block is similar to that of a shutter in an optical camera, the shielding block has to ensure a certain thickness aiming at X-ray irradiation, the dose of rays reaching the shielding block is almost zero after the 20 half-value layers, and the pixel data behind the shielding block is hardly influenced by ray radiation; meanwhile, the interested region on the image is close to the shielding block by adjusting the height of the detected workpiece, so that the read line transfer times of the interested region can be reduced, and the smear and frame reading time can be reduced; during data reading in the step 3), the shielding block ensures that CCD dark current data and row transfer smear data are not influenced by radiation during reading, during data reading in the step 4), the region of interest is completely under the protection of the shielding block during data reading, and the shielding block directly removes row reading smear while ensuring that CCD dark current data and row transfer smear data are not influenced by radiation during reading.
As shown in the control sequence of data reading in fig. 4, the specific steps of reading the other exposure data except the upper-end redundant data area in step 3) and performing smear correction are as follows:
3-1) quickly transferring rows and emptying all row data of the CCD;
3-2) effective integration of the detector;
3-3) to reduce noise interference, read 2 n Summing the data of the line shielding region 1, and storing the summed data into a line transfer smear data storage ram1, wherein the CCD output data has N-bit precision, the data bit number of ram1 is set to (N + N) bits, and each frame of image acquisition starts to be clear 0;
3-4) continuing to read data until the reading of the interested area 5 is finished, not reading the redundant data of the second redundant data area 2 at the upper end of the CCD, and completing line smear correction in real time by combining a line transfer smear data storage ram1 and a line reading smear data storage ram2, wherein the line reading smear is exposure data increased in line reading time; to simplify the calculation of the parameter settings, the integration time is set to 2 of the line readout time m The ram2 data bit number is set to (N + m) bits, and the image acquisition starts 0 clear per frame.
In the embodiment of the invention, the frame reading speed is improved by not reading the redundant data at the upper end of the CCD; meanwhile, reading of full-frame CCD region-of-interest data and real-time rapid correction of smear are achieved.
The specific method for smear correction in the step 3-4) is as follows:
reading DR exposure data in step 3) comprises line transfer smear and line readout smear:
in the formula (3), D a ' reading data for the a-th row, D a Is the effective integral data of the a-th line, M is the total line number of CCD, delta 1 As the ratio of the line transfer time to the effective integration time, δ 2 The ratio of the line readout time to the effective integration time,
for line transfer smear, noise reduced by reading multiple lines of data accumulated in step 3-4)
(taking the high N bit of ram1 with an error of 1/2 N )；
For line readout smear, line readout smear for each line of data
Correlating with the valid integration data of the read row (take the high N bits of ram2 with an error of 1/2 N )；
Then: line transfer smear correction by subtraction from line read data
Complete, row read smear correction subtracted from the read data
After finishing the smear correction, each line of data needs to update ram2, and the corrected data is added to the data in ram2 and then stored in ram 2.
As shown in the control sequence of data reading in fig. 5, the specific steps of reading the other exposure data except the upper and lower redundant data areas in step 4) and performing smear correction are as follows:
4-1) quickly transferring rows and emptying all row data of the CCD;
4-2) reading 2 n Summing the data in the row mask area 1, and storing the summed data in a row transfer smear data storage ram 1;
4-3) quickly transferring rows and emptying all row data of the CCD;
4-4) detector effective integration;
4-5) quickly transferring rows, and not reading redundant data of a second residual data area 4 at the lower end of the CCD until the first row data of an interested area 5 is to be read;
4-6) reading the data of the region of interest, finishing the row smear correction by combining with a row transfer smear data storage ram1, finishing the data reading after the region of interest is read, and not reading the redundant data at the upper end of the CCD.
In the embodiment of the invention, the frame reading speed is increased by times by not reading all other redundant data outside the CCD photosensitive area; meanwhile, reading of full-frame CCD region-of-interest data and real-time rapid correction of smear are achieved.
The specific method for smear correction in the step 4-6) is as follows:
reading the DR exposure data in step 4) includes the following steps:
in the formula (4), D a ' reading data for the a-th row, D a Is the a-th line effective integral data, M is the total number of CCD lines, delta 1 As the ratio of the line transfer time to the effective integration time,
transferring smear for the line;
then: smear correction subtracted from read data
Finish (a)
Taking the high N bit of ram1 with an error of 1/2 N )。
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A method for reading an interested area and correcting smear of a full-frame CCD detector for CT is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) vertically installing an X-ray detector according to a line reading direction, adjusting the scanning position of a detected workpiece, and completing conventional DR scanning to obtain a DR image;
2) judging the number of projection lines of the region of interest according to the DR image in the step 1), if the number of projection lines of the region of interest is greater than or equal to 1/2 of the number of lines of the CCD photosensitive regions, turning to the step 3), and if the number of projection lines of the region of interest is less than 1/2 of the number of lines of the CCD photosensitive regions, turning to the step 4);
3) shielding a small part of a CCD photosensitive area by using a ray shielding block, readjusting the position of the region of interest of the detected workpiece to enable the region of interest to project to be aligned with the shielded CCD photosensitive area and to be close to the shielding block, carrying out DR exposure on the detected workpiece, reading other exposure data except for the redundant data area at the upper end, and carrying out smear correction;
4) shielding half of the CCD photosensitive area by using a ray shielding block, readjusting the position of the region of interest of the detected workpiece to enable the region of interest to project to be aligned with the shielded CCD photosensitive area and to be close to the shielding block, carrying out DR exposure on the detected workpiece, reading other exposure data except for the upper and lower redundant data areas, and carrying out smear correction;
reading other exposure data except the upper end redundant data area in the step 3), and performing smear correction, wherein the steps are as follows:
3-1) quickly transferring rows and emptying all row data of the CCD;
3-2) effective integration of the detector;
3-3) reading 2 n Summing the data in the line mask area, and storing the summed data in a line transfer smear data storage ram 1;
3-4) continuing to read data until the reading of the interested area is finished, not reading redundant data at the upper end of the CCD, and completing line smear correction in real time by combining a line transfer smear data storage ram1 and a line reading smear data storage ram2, wherein the line reading smear is exposure data increased in line reading time;
reading other exposure data except the upper and lower redundant data areas in the step 4), and performing smear correction, wherein the steps are as follows:
4-1) quickly transferring rows and emptying all row data of the CCD;
4-2) reading 2 n Summing the data in the line mask area, and storing the summed data in a line transfer smear data storage ram 1;
4-3) quickly transferring rows and emptying all row data of the CCD;
4-4) detector effective integration;
4-5) quickly transferring lines without reading redundant data at the lower end of the CCD until the first line of data in the region of interest is to be read;
4-6) reading the data of the region of interest, finishing the row smear correction by combining with a row transfer smear data storage ram1, finishing the data reading when the region of interest is read, and not reading the redundant data at the upper end of the CCD.
2. The method for reading the region of interest of the full-frame CCD detector for CT and correcting the smear according to claim 1, wherein the specific method for correcting the smear in the step 3-4) is as follows:
reading DR exposure data in step 3) comprises line transfer smear and line readout smear:
in the formula (1), D a ' reading data for the a-th row, D a Is the a-th line effective integral data, M is the total number of CCD lines, delta 1 As the ratio of the line transfer time to the effective integration time, δ 2 The ratio of the line readout time to the effective integration time,
in order to transfer the smear in a row,
reading out the smear for the row;
then: line transfer smear correction by subtraction from line read data
Complete, line read smear correction subtracted from the read data
And (4) finishing.
3. The method for reading the region of interest of the full-frame CCD detector for CT and correcting the smear according to claim 1, wherein the specific method for correcting the smear in the step 4-6) is as follows:
reading the DR exposure data in step 4) includes the following steps:
in the formula (2), D a ' data read for row a, D a Is the effective integral data of the a-th line, M is the total line number of CCD, delta 1 As the ratio of the line transfer time to the effective integration time,
transferring smear for the line;
then: smear shadowCorrection by subtraction of read data
And (4) finishing.
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