CN112910557A - Dispersion compensation method, device and system for long-distance frequency transmission - Google Patents
Dispersion compensation method, device and system for long-distance frequency transmission Download PDFInfo
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- CN112910557A CN112910557A CN202110051021.6A CN202110051021A CN112910557A CN 112910557 A CN112910557 A CN 112910557A CN 202110051021 A CN202110051021 A CN 202110051021A CN 112910557 A CN112910557 A CN 112910557A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2507—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
- H04B10/2513—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion
- H04B10/2525—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion using dispersion-compensating fibres
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2507—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
- H04B10/2513—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion
- H04B10/25137—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion using pulse shaping at the transmitter, e.g. pre-chirping or dispersion supported transmission [DST]
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Abstract
The invention provides a dispersion compensation method, a device and a system for long-distance frequency transmission. The invention adopts the chirped fiber grating to carry out dispersion compensation and control on the long-distance fiber link frequency transmission system, can effectively reduce the insertion loss in the dispersion compensation process, reduce the volume of related devices, and effectively reduce the time delay of the dispersion compensation fiber, thereby effectively improving the stability, reliability and practicability of long-distance frequency transmission. In addition, the chirped fiber grating has two types of fixed dispersion and adjustable dispersion, and different types of chirped fiber gratings can be selected according to actual conditions so as to achieve the optimal dispersion compensation effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of time frequency signal transmission, in particular to a method, a device and a system for compensating optical fiber link dispersion by using chirped fiber grating in long-distance frequency transmission.
Technical Field
The long-distance frequency transmission technology based on the optical fiber link has great application value in the aspects of long-distance frequency comparison, time frequency network construction and the like.
Optical signals, including but not limited to microwave modulated optical signals, optical comb signals, narrow linewidth optical signals, transmitted within an optical fiber linkThe time is affected by dispersion, which causes problems of pulse broadening, power attenuation, signal-to-noise ratio reduction and the like, thereby reducing the stability of frequency transmission. Based on the long-distance frequency transmission of microwave modulation optical signals, the optical fiber dispersion can cause the microwave signals to have power ring-down effect, and the power attenuation value (in dB) of the microwave signals caused by the optical fiber dispersion
Where L is the length of the fiber, D is the dispersion coefficient of the fiber, c is the speed of light in vacuum, λcIs the wavelength of the optical carrier, frThe frequency of the microwave signal. Taking microwave signals with three different frequencies of 1.1GHz, 3GHz, and 9.1GHz as an example, when the wavelength of the optical carrier is 1550nm, and the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber is 17ps/(nm · km), the power attenuation change of the microwave modulation signal caused by the optical fiber dispersion is as shown in fig. 1 below. It can be seen that for microwave signals of different frequencies, the power attenuation caused by dispersion is different, and the higher the frequency of the microwave signal, the more obvious the influence of dispersion of the optical fiber.
At present, an access dispersion compensation optical fiber is mostly adopted for dispersion compensation in long-distance frequency transmission. However, the dispersion compensating fiber devices are bulky, have high insertion loss and large time delay, and invisibly increase the difficulty of long-distance frequency transmission.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of large device volume, high insertion loss, large time delay and the like of the dispersion compensation optical fiber, the chirped fiber grating is adopted for dispersion compensation, so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has the advantages of small device volume, low insertion loss, small time delay and the like, and aims to improve the stability, reliability and practicability of long-distance frequency transmission.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a dispersion compensation method for long distance frequency transmission adopts at least one chirped fiber grating to perform dispersion compensation before performing photoelectric conversion on an optical signal.
Preferably, the optical fiber link and the at least one chirped fiber grating are used to compensate for the reduction in optical signal power caused by the optical fiber link and the at least one chirped fiber grating prior to optical-to-electrical conversion of the optical signal.
A dispersion compensating device for implementing the above method, connected in an optical fiber link, said device comprising at least one chirped fiber grating.
The optical fiber link connection device comprises a first optical fiber circulator, a second optical fiber circulator, a first chirped fiber grating and a second chirped fiber grating, wherein the first optical fiber circulator is connected with the optical fiber link on one side and connected with the second optical fiber circulator, the second optical fiber circulator is connected with the optical fiber link on the other side, two unidirectional links in different directions are formed between the first optical fiber circulator and the second optical fiber circulator, and the first chirped fiber grating and the second chirped fiber grating are respectively placed on the two unidirectional links.
On the basis of the above embodiment, at least one optical power amplifier is respectively disposed in two unidirectional links formed by the first optical fiber circulator and the second optical fiber circulator. Another embodiment is also based on the above embodiment, wherein at least one bidirectional optical power amplifier is disposed in the optical fiber link on at least one side.
A dispersion compensation system for long-distance frequency transmission comprises an optical fiber link, a frequency transmission system transmitting end and a frequency transmission system receiving end which are connected with two ends of the optical fiber link, wherein any one dispersion compensation device is connected onto the optical fiber link.
Preferably, when the wavelengths of the optical signals at the transmitting end and the receiving end are different, an optical filter is further installed before or after the chirped fiber grating.
The invention also provides a dispersion compensation system for long-distance frequency transmission, which comprises a transmitting end and a receiving end of a frequency transmission system, a first photoelectric detector and a second photoelectric detector, a first optical fiber circulator connected to an optical fiber link at one side of the transmitting end of an optical signal, and a second optical fiber circulator connected to an optical fiber link at one side of the receiving end of the optical signal, wherein the transmitting end of the frequency transmission system, the first optical fiber circulator, a first chirped fiber grating and the first photoelectric detector are sequentially connected, and the receiving end of the frequency transmission system, the second optical fiber circulator, a second chirped fiber grating and the second photoelectric detector are sequentially connected. Preferably, when the wavelengths of the optical signals at the transmitting end and the receiving end are different, an optical filter is further installed before or after the chirped fiber grating.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
for long-distance optical fiber frequency transmission, the chirped fiber grating matched with the optical fiber type is accessed, so that dispersion introduced by an optical fiber link in the frequency transmission process can be compensated to be close to zero or within an acceptable range, and the stability of long-distance frequency transmission is improved.
Specifically, the invention adopts the chirped fiber grating to carry out dispersion compensation and control on the long-distance fiber link frequency transmission system, can effectively reduce the insertion loss in the dispersion compensation process, reduce the volume of related devices, and effectively reduce the time delay of the dispersion compensation fiber, thereby effectively improving the stability, reliability and practicability of long-distance frequency transmission. In addition, the chirped fiber grating has two types of fixed dispersion and adjustable dispersion, and different types of chirped fiber gratings can be selected according to actual conditions so as to achieve the optimal dispersion compensation effect.
Taking the compensation of the dispersion of the optical fiber link of 100 kilometers as an example, if a DM1010-D dispersion compensation optical fiber of long-haul airlines is adopted, the dispersion coefficient near 1550nm is: 140 ps/(nm.km), attenuation coefficient of 0.6dB/km, dispersion compensation fiber of 12.1 km for 100 km compensation fiber (dispersion coefficient of fiber 17 ps/(nm.km)), corresponding insertion loss of 7.3dB, and additional time delay of 6 x 104ns. The insertion loss of the chirped fiber grating is irrelevant to the compensation distance, the actually measured single chirped fiber grating insertion loss for equivalently compensating the optical fiber dispersion of 100 kilometers is 2.1dB, the time delay is less than 25ns, and the chirped fiber grating insertion loss is far superior to that of a dispersion compensation optical fiber.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the power attenuation variation of a microwave modulated signal caused by fiber dispersion according to the background art of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dispersion compensation method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dispersion compensation apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another bi-directional dispersion compensation apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a dispersion compensation system for frequency transmission over a long haul optical fiber link;
fig. 6 is a graph showing the comparison of the results of the frequency transmission stability for dispersion compensation using chirped fiber gratings and dispersion compensation without chirped fiber gratings over a 300 km fiber link.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description.
Referring to the method shown in fig. 2, the dispersion compensation system provided by the present invention includes an optical signal transmitting end 101 and a photodetector 103, which are remotely connected through an optical fiber, a chirped fiber grating 102 is connected at any position between the optical signal transmitting end 101 and the photodetector 103, a link between the optical signal transmitting end 101 and the chirped fiber grating 102 is a link 1, and a link between the chirped fiber gratings 102 is a link 2.
The method for compensating the dispersion comprises the following steps: at any position before the photoelectric detector performs photoelectric conversion on the optical signal, the chirped fiber grating is used for performing dispersion compensation on the optical signal. As shown in fig. 2, an optical signal 101 enters a chirped fiber grating 102 after passing through a link 1, and enters a photodetector for photoelectric conversion after passing through a link 2.
If the chirped fiber grating is placed to compensate link 1 excessively, the redundant compensation amount can compensate link 2. The chirped fiber grating can compensate both sides, and in practical use, for convenience, the chirped fiber grating is generally placed in front of a photoelectric detector to perform overall compensation on dispersion of an optical fiber link, and is not placed in the middle of an optical fiber or in a position before an optical signal enters the optical fiber to perform dispersion pre-compensation.
Preferably, the chirped fiber grating 102 is placed after the fiber link, i.e.: in this embodiment, if the optical fiber link exists in the link 1, the optical fiber link does not exist in the link 2, and the chirped fiber grating is placed in front of the photodetector, then the chirped fiber grating 102 is placed behind the link 1, so as to compensate for the dispersion caused by the link 1. Optical power amplifiers may also be used to compensate for optical signal power attenuation caused by the fiber links and the chirped fiber grating 102, if desired. In this case, it is preferable that an optical power amplifier is placed after the dispersion-compensated link 1 and the chirped fiber grating 102, and the optical power amplifier employs a low-noise optical power amplifier, thereby ensuring a signal-to-noise ratio after the optical signal amplification, but is not limited thereto.
The dispersion compensation method of fig. 2 is suitable for performing dispersion compensation in a certain direction at any intermediate position of an optical fiber link and at a transmitting end or a receiving end. If there is a need for bidirectional compensation of the optical fiber link, chirped fiber gratings may be placed in front of the photodetectors at the receiving end and the transmitting end by using a fiber circulator as shown in fig. 5, so that dispersion compensation may be performed on the optical signal in both directions from the transmitting end to the receiving end and from the receiving end to the transmitting end.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the present embodiment provides a bidirectional dispersion compensation apparatus for the bidirectional dispersion compensation requirement of optical signals transmitted to and from an optical fiber link.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the dispersion compensation device of the present embodiment. The dispersion compensation apparatus includes: chirped fiber grating 201, chirped fiber grating 202, fiber circulator 203, fiber circulator 204, and optical power amplifier 205.
In fig. 3, an optical signal transmitted from left to right enters the chirped fiber grating 201 through the fiber circulator 203, passes through the fiber circulator 204 after performing dispersion compensation, enters the optical power amplifier 205, compensates for power attenuation caused by the fiber link and the chirped fiber grating 201, and is injected into the fiber link. The optical signal transmitted from right to left enters the optical power amplifier 205 to compensate the power attenuation caused by the optical fiber link, passes through the optical fiber circulator 204, enters the chirped fiber grating 202, performs dispersion compensation, passes through the optical fiber circulator 203, and is injected into the optical fiber link. Optical power amplifier 205 employs a bi-directional type optical amplifier, including but not limited to a bi-directional Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), such that optical signals transmitted in both directions traverse the same physical transmission path within the optical power amplifier.
Example two:
the present embodiment provides another bidirectional dispersion compensation apparatus.
As shown in fig. 4, the improved dispersion compensation apparatus of the present embodiment includes: chirped fiber grating 301, optical power amplifier 302, chirped fiber grating 303, optical power amplifier 304, fiber circulator 305, and fiber circulator 306.
In fig. 4, an optical signal transmitted from left to right enters the chirped fiber grating 301 through the fiber circulator 306, enters the optical power amplifier 302 after performing dispersion compensation, compensates for power attenuation caused by the fiber link and the chirped fiber grating, and enters the fiber link through the fiber circulator 305. An optical signal transmitted from right to left enters the chirped fiber grating 303 through the fiber circulator 305, enters the optical power amplifier 304 after performing dispersion compensation, compensates for power attenuation caused by the fiber link and the chirped fiber grating, and enters the fiber link through the fiber circulator 306.
Unlike the first embodiment, the optical power amplifier of the dispersion compensation apparatus of the present embodiment uses a unidirectional optical amplifier, including but not limited to a bidirectional erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). The positions of the chirped fiber grating and the optical power amplifier of the device can be exchanged with each other, and are not limited to the position relationship shown in fig. 4, such as: the chirped fiber grating 301 and the optical power amplifier 302 may be exchanged, and the chirped fiber grating 303 and the optical power amplifier 304 may be exchanged.
According to actual needs, the dispersion compensation device shown in fig. 3 and 4 can be controlled in terms of temperature, humidity, vibration and other environmental conditions inside the dispersion compensation device, so that the influence caused by external environmental changes is effectively reduced, if a temperature control device is additionally arranged, the temperature of the whole dispersion compensation device can be controlled, and the temperature fluctuation inside the device is reduced. And the device for vibration isolation is added, so that the influence of environmental vibration is reduced. These are determined according to actual needs not to be temperature controlled or vibration isolated.
If the wavelengths of the optical signals transmitted to and from the chirped fiber gratings 201 and 202 of the first embodiment and/or the chirped fiber gratings 301 and 303 of the second embodiment are different, an optical filter may be used in front of or behind the chirped fiber gratings 201 and 202 of the first embodiment, and/or the chirped fiber gratings 301 and 303 of the second embodiment, so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical signals.
Example three:
the present embodiment provides a dispersion compensation system for frequency transmission of a long-distance optical fiber link, where the optical fiber link uses a point-to-point connection method, but is not limited thereto.
According to the practical experiment result, for long distance frequency transmission, in order to simplify the complexity of the dispersion compensation system and the workload of dispersion compensation, the optical signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end can be subjected to one-time dispersion compensation at the receiving end, as shown in the method of fig. 2. If the requirement of bidirectional compensation exists, the optical signals from the receiving end to the transmitting end can be subjected to one-time dispersion compensation at the transmitting end, so that the increase of system complexity and workload caused by the adoption of bidirectional dispersion compensation in an optical fiber link shown in fig. 3 and 4 can be avoided.
In actual frequency transmission, in order to reduce the complexity of the system, as shown in fig. 5, an optical signal 401 at a transmitting end enters an optical fiber link through an optical fiber circulator 402, enters a chirped fiber grating 406 through an optical fiber circulator 403 for dispersion compensation, and reaches a photodetector 405 through a link 2 for photoelectric conversion; an optical signal 404 at a receiving end enters an optical fiber link through an optical fiber circulator 403, enters a chirped fiber grating 407 through an optical fiber circulator 402 for dispersion compensation, and reaches a photodetector 408 through a link 1 for photoelectric conversion.
For link 1 and link 2, an optical power amplifier may be added to compensate for the attenuation of the optical signal power caused by the optical fiber link and the chirped fiber grating, depending on the actual situation. Preferably, the optical power amplifier uses a low noise optical power amplifier, so as to ensure a signal-to-noise ratio after the optical signal is amplified, but is not limited thereto.
If the wavelengths of the optical signals at the transmitting end and the receiving end are different, the optical filters can be used for the link 1 and the link 2, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical signals is improved, and the stability of long-distance frequency transmission is improved.
The system of this embodiment utilizes two optical fiber circulators to perform dispersion compensation on the optical signal passing through the optical fiber link at the transmitting end and the optical signal passing through the optical fiber link at the receiving end and the transmitting end respectively.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the comparison of the results of the stability of frequency transmission over a 300 km fiber link with and without dispersion compensation using chirped fiber gratings (using the allen variance as an indicator of the stability of frequency transmission). It can be seen that without the use of chirped fiber grating, the second order stability for 300 km fiber frequency transmission is 4.7 x 10-14, and the stability at 10 seconds is 9.2 x 10-15; with chirped fiber gratings, the second order stability for a 300 km fiber frequency transmission is 1.7X 10-14 and the stability at 10 seconds is 4.9X 10-15. Therefore, the use of the chirped fiber grating can significantly improve the stability of frequency transmission.
Claims (10)
1. A dispersion compensation method for long distance frequency transmission is characterized in that at least one chirped fiber grating is adopted to carry out dispersion compensation before optical-electrical conversion of an optical signal.
2. The dispersion compensation method of claim 1, wherein the optical fiber link and the chirped fiber grating-induced reduction in optical signal power is compensated for using at least one optical power amplifier prior to optical-to-electrical conversion of the optical signal.
3. A dispersion compensating device for use in implementing the method of claim 1 or 2, connected in an optical fibre link, wherein said device comprises at least one chirped fibre grating.
4. A dispersion compensating apparatus for implementing the method of claim 1, comprising a first fiber circulator, a second fiber circulator, a first chirped fiber grating and a second chirped fiber grating, wherein the first fiber circulator is connected to the fiber link on one side and connected to the second fiber circulator, the second fiber circulator is connected to the fiber link on the other side, two unidirectional links in different directions are formed between the first fiber circulator and the second fiber circulator, and the first chirped fiber grating and the second chirped fiber grating are respectively disposed on the two unidirectional links.
5. The dispersion compensating apparatus of claim 4, wherein at least one optical power amplifier is disposed in each of the two unidirectional links formed by the first fiber circulator and the second fiber circulator.
6. A dispersion compensating device according to claim 4, wherein at least one bi-directional optical power amplifier is placed in the optical fibre link on at least one side.
7. A dispersion compensation system for long distance frequency transmission, comprising an optical fiber link, and a transmitting end and a receiving end of the frequency transmission system connected to both ends of the optical fiber link, wherein the dispersion compensation apparatus of claims 3 to 6 is connected to the optical fiber link.
8. The dispersion compensation system of claim 7, wherein when the wavelengths of the optical signals at the transmitting end and the receiving end are different, an optical filter is further installed before or after the chirped fiber grating.
9. A dispersion compensation system for long-distance frequency transmission is characterized by comprising a transmitting end and a receiving end of a frequency transmission system, a first photoelectric detector, a second photoelectric detector, a first optical fiber circulator and a second optical fiber circulator, wherein the transmitting end and the receiving end of the frequency transmission system are remotely connected through optical fibers, the first optical fiber circulator is connected to an optical fiber link on one side of the transmitting end of an optical signal, the second optical fiber circulator is connected to an optical fiber link on one side of the receiving end of the optical signal, the transmitting end of the frequency transmission system, the first optical fiber circulator, a first chirped optical fiber grating and the first photoelectric detector are sequentially connected, and the receiving end of the frequency transmission system, the second optical fiber circulator, a second chirped optical fiber grating and the second photoelectric detector are sequentially connected.
10. The dispersion compensation system of claim 9, wherein when the wavelengths of the optical signals at the transmitting end and the receiving end are different, an optical filter is further installed before or after the chirped fiber grating.
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