CN112910373A - Method for switching off an electric machine operated by an inverter in the event of a disturbance - Google Patents

Method for switching off an electric machine operated by an inverter in the event of a disturbance Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112910373A
CN112910373A CN202011399214.2A CN202011399214A CN112910373A CN 112910373 A CN112910373 A CN 112910373A CN 202011399214 A CN202011399214 A CN 202011399214A CN 112910373 A CN112910373 A CN 112910373A
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China
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short
switching elements
inverter
circuit mode
switching
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Chinese (zh)
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A·伯克
M·施瓦布
W·海格
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H02P27/085—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation wherein the PWM mode is adapted on the running conditions of the motor, e.g. the switching frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
    • H02P25/024—Synchronous motors controlled by supply frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
    • H02P29/024—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
    • H02P3/18—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor
    • H02P3/22—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor by short-circuit or resistive braking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53873—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with digital control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/022—Synchronous motors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A method is proposed for switching off an electric machine operated by an inverter, wherein the inverter has at least two switching elements assigned to an HS side and at least two switching elements assigned to an LS side, respectively, and wherein, in a first step, defects on one or more switching elements are identified by determining a fault signal of at least one drive of the switching elements; in a second step, the short-circuit mode is set on the respective HS side or LS side without a fault signal.

Description

Method for switching off an electric machine operated by an inverter in the event of a disturbance
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for switching off an electric machine operated by an inverter in the event of a fault.
Background
Electrical machines (for example permanently excited synchronous machines used in hybrid vehicles) which are operated with an inverter (for example a pulse inverter) must be able to achieve a safe state as a safety-critical subsystem in the event of a fault. This is usually the operating point at which the motor does not produce torque. In a permanently excited synchronous machine, the safe state is the short-circuit mode. In the short-circuit mode, all the motor windings are short-circuited by the (pulse) inverter, so that no voltage is applied to the windings or coils. This mode forms a safe system state and can be established by different switching positions of the (pulse) inverter.
In most cases, a so-called B6 bridge circuit is used for the (pulse) inverter. Switches or valves (e.g. IGBT/diode combinations or MOSFETs) are used as switching elements. The short-circuit mode, also referred to as active short-circuit AKS, is typically established by closing all high-side (HS) switching elements simultaneously or also selectively closing all low-side (LS) switching elements. In this case, the respective opposite switching element remains closed. The short-circuit mode of three phases is discussed or the short-circuit mode of full phases is discussed in a multiphase system. Typically, only one of the two switch positions is used for the short-circuit mode. This can be easily implemented by hardware, where there is a limit to the selected switch position. Alternatively, alternative or alternating short-circuit modes are also described. In this case, in the short-circuit mode, the switching operation is regularly and permanently changed between two possible switching positions.
Known possibilities for establishing a short-circuit mode are described, for example, in german patent applications DE 102006003254 a1, DE 102010030856 a1, DE 102010062334 a1, DE 102010039190 a1, DE 102011006512 a1 and DE 102013016960 a1, and german patent DE 102008026549B 4.
The hitherto known possibilities of establishing a short-circuit mode have the disadvantage that they do not react individually to a faulty switching element. It may therefore happen that the switching element either cannot be opened or closed again. Accordingly, depending on the failure, the short-circuit mode is not set or the bridge short-circuit is not generated. This jeopardizes system safety in the alternative short-circuit mode as well as in the permanent short-circuit mode. A bridge short may cause an arc under which other system components are also compromised. Whereby the (pulse) inverter itself may be destroyed. The known method is therefore used only when it can be assumed that the switching element itself is not likely to be defective or that a system hazard is not likely to arise in the case of a defective switching element. In this case, however, a three-phase short-circuit mode should no longer be provided in the case of multiple faults per half bridge, since bridge short-circuits cannot be ruled out.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for switching off an electric machine operated by an inverter in the event of a fault, by means of which a safe system state is established. According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of the independent patent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.
A method is proposed for switching off an electric machine operated by an inverter, wherein the inverter has at least two switching elements assigned to an HS side and at least two switching elements assigned to an LS side, respectively, and wherein, in a first step, defects on one or more switching elements are identified by determining a fault signal of at least one drive of the switching elements; in a second step, the short-circuit mode is set on the respective HS side or LS side without a fault signal.
That is, depending on the assignment of the switching element or switching elements to the HS side or the LS side, a safe switching position and thus a safe system state can be set for the short-circuit mode to be set.
Specific embodiments of inverters and pulse inverters are generally known, and therefore the mode of action is only briefly described here. The inverter converts, for example, an input dc voltage into an output ac voltage. In a vehicle or a drive train, a connection is thus established between the high-voltage or HV energy supply source (for example a battery) and the electric machine. Here, the two power switching elements each form a half bridge, wherein a respective one of the switching elements of the half bridge is connected to the positive pole or high side of the direct voltage source (i.e. the HV energy supply source) and is referred to as high-side switching element or simply as HS switching element. The other switching element of the half bridge is connected to the negative or low side of the dc voltage source and is referred to as the low side switching element or simply as the LS switching element. In a three-phase inverter, three half-bridges are provided, each of which drives one phase.
As already described, in an electrical machine (e.g. a permanently excited synchronous machine), the safe state is the short-circuit mode. In the short-circuit mode, all the motor windings are short-circuited by the pulse inverter, so that no voltage is applied to the windings or coils. This short circuit mode creates a safe system state. By the proposed method, such a short-circuit mode is provided both in case of a single failure (i.e. in case of failure of one switching element) and in case of multiple failures (i.e. in case of failure of at least two switching elements).
In one embodiment, defects are identified on one or more switching elements by alternately activating the switching elements.
In one embodiment, the short-circuit pattern is set on the HS side or the LS side, which is determined to be free of defects, if a switching element with a blocking defect is detected.
In one embodiment, the short-circuit pattern is set on the HS side or the LS side determined to be defective if a switching element with a conduction defect is detected.
In one embodiment, the switching element of a bridge branch identified as having a plurality of defects is switched to blocking when in a further step a further defect on one or more switching elements is identified in the same bridge branch having said first defect.
Advantageously, the short-circuit mode is set by means of the half-bridge or half-bridges determined to be defect-free.
Furthermore, a control device is proposed, which is designed to control the switching off of an electric machine controlled by an inverter, wherein the inverter has at least two switching elements assigned to the HS side and at least two switching elements assigned to the LS side, wherein the control device is adapted to carry out the described method. In one embodiment, the inverter is implemented as a pulse inverter and the electric machine is a permanently excited synchronous machine. In one embodiment, a separate voltage supply source is provided for handling the short circuit mode.
The controller is advantageously used in a vehicle, in particular a vehicle having at least one electric drive (e.g. a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle).
The core of the invention is that: (additional) safety logic (for example in the form of a control algorithm or as hardware) is provided, by means of which a defective switching element (i.e. a switch or a defective valve) of the (pulsed) inverter can be identified before the introduction of the short-circuit pattern, so that the correct short-circuit pattern can be set, i.e. the short-circuit pattern is set on the correct side. If it cannot be unambiguously identified, a two-phase short-circuit pattern is provided at the active half-bridge. This is also implemented as a short-circuit mode for the motor. Thus, a correct short-circuit mode can be set even in the event of a defective switching element (e.g. switch or valve) and the system is brought into a safe state. As already mentioned, switching elements or valves (e.g. IGBT/diode combinations or MOSFETs) are used as switching elements.
By the proposed method, a safe system state can be provided at single failure and multiple failures.
Further features and advantages of the invention emerge from the following description of an embodiment of the invention and from the claims with the aid of the figures which show details of the invention. In variants of the invention, the individual features can be implemented individually or together in any combination of a plurality.
Drawings
Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained in detail below with the aid of the figures.
Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of an electric machine operated by means of an inverter according to the prior art.
Fig. 2 shows a short-circuit pattern for the inverter shown in fig. 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a method flow according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In the following description of the figures, identical elements or functions are provided with the same reference signs.
In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the electric machine 1 is embodied as a three-phase machine, but can also have more or less than three phases. In one embodiment, the electric machine is a permanently excited synchronous machine for use in a hybrid vehicle.
Furthermore, an inverter formed as a pulse inverter 2 is connected to the electric machine 1, which inverter has half-bridge components 3a/3 d; 3b/3 e; 3c/3f in the form of an IGBT/diode combination. Three half-bridges 3a/3d are provided in the three-phase inverter 2; 3b/3 e; 3c/3f, each of which operates one phase of the motor 1, as indicated in the figure by the three lines leading to the motor 1. The pulse inverter 2 controls the power and the operation of the motor 1 by the controller 4. The controller 4 is only schematically shown in the figure as a separate controller 4. The controller may however also be integrated into the pulse-controlled inverter 2.
Fig. 1 shows a non-interfering state of the pulse-controlled inverter 2. The safety state by enabling the short-circuit mode AKS is shown in fig. 2, wherein here a single fault is present on one of the switching elements 3a-3f (here the switching element 3d of the half bridge 3a/3 d), which is shown in fig. 2 by lightning. The bold lines are energized paths and the non-bold lines are non-energized paths. Here, the short-circuit mode is turned on the same side as the shorted switching element 3 d. The flow of the described method is shown in fig. 3.
In order to be able to react to a defective switching element 3a-3f in the pulse-controlled inverter 2, i.e. to set the short-circuit mode AKS on the correct switching element 3a-3f or on the correct side HV + or HV +, the method described with the aid of the embodiment for a single fault and the embodiment for a plurality of faults is proposed in the following.
In the event of a single failure, i.e. in the event of a failure of only one of the switching elements 3a-3f, in this case of the switching element 3d of the half bridge 3a/3d, the short-circuit mode AKS is first set in an alternating manner. Here, HS switching elements 3a-c connected to the high side HV + or to the positive pole and LS switching elements 3d-f connected to the low side HV or to the negative pole are switched alternately. If a switching element 3d-f is faulty or this switching element is damaged during the short-circuit mode AKS, this switching element can be identified on the basis of an alternative operation. Depending on the identified fault, the remaining, safe switch positions are used for the short-circuit mode AKS.
The safety logic of the method, which is advantageously implemented as software in the controller 4, identifies a defect in the fault feedback with respect to the driver (for example, the transistor driver in this embodiment) of the switching elements 3 d-f. In a switching element with blocking defects, the correct way of reacting is to provide a short-circuit mode AKS on the defect-free side. In the switching element having the conduction defect, the short-circuit mode AKS must be provided on the defective side. All methods for identifying defective switching elements 3d-f have in common that only the switched-on switching element 3d-f or the drive of the valve can identify a fault and react to it in time. Independently of the identified fault, the reaction of the steering logic may provide a short-circuit mode AKS to the side of the drive where no fault is found. The above-described reaction is thus achieved in any case (i.e. the short-circuit mode AKS is provided on the correct side) to establish a safe system state.
In general, in the case of IGBTs as switching elements 3d-f, switching faults are detected by detecting desaturation (english) and/or by means of emitters for current detection (english).
The described principle is also explained below by way of example again. In the first example, one of the LS switching elements 3d-f is blocking defective. This may identify only the associated LS driver. Since the short-circuit mode AKS is always on the side where the drive does not recognize the fault signal, the short-circuit mode AKS is on the HS side. In a second example, one of the LS switching elements 3d-f is conduction defective. This may identify only the associated HS drive. Since the short-circuit mode AKS is always on the side where the driver does not recognize the fault signal, the short-circuit mode AKS is on the LS side.
Therefore, in the case of recognition of a single fault on the switching elements 3a-f, a short-circuit mode AKS is required for carrying out the method, and in the final state there is a non-alternating and correctly set short-circuit mode AKS on the respective side. If a defective second switching element 3a-f is added, the solution may, according to the existing prior art, switch to inverter blocking, i.e. all switching elements 3a-f are open or blocked. Such an inverter blocks the protection pulse inverter 2, while at the same time being an unsafe (i.e. undesired) system state.
A solution to this problem will be described below with the aid of another embodiment. If another defect or a second defect occurs in the same bridge branch of the first defect itself during the non-alternating short-circuit operation described above for a single fault, the short-circuit mode AKS is no longer switched on in the conventional sense (i.e. three-phase or full-phase).
The actuation of the switching elements 3a-f for generating the short-circuit mode AKS is then improved in such a way that the switching elements 3a-f of the bridge branch which has a plurality of defects in this case are switched off. By means of the remaining and normally operating half-bridges 3a/3 d; 3b/3 e; 3c/3f opens an approximate short circuit mode AKS corresponding to the short circuit mode AKS of the at least two phases. In this case, it can be set as desired whether the HS HV +, or LS HV "is switched on for this short-circuit mode. However, an alternating alternation can also be realized in this fault situation. This state acts like a full phase short circuit mode AKS on the motor side and therefore the system state is safe.
This novel control has the advantage that a safe system state can be achieved despite a plurality of faults. This allows, for example, a simple and redundant structure in parallel with the microprocessors that are present in most cases, and thus an increased safety is achieved.
Thus, the process of the method is: in a first step S1, the switching elements 3a-f are inspected for defects; and when a defect is identified by determining a fault signal of the driver of the switching elements 3a-f, in a second step S2 a short-circuit pattern AKS is set on the HS side HV + or the LS side HV-, where no fault signal is detected. The short-circuit mode AKS is a short-circuit operation that is not replaced in the event of a single fault (i.e. a defect on only one of the switching elements 3 a-f). In the case of multiple faults, i.e. in the case of another defect on one or more switching elements 3a-3f in the same bridge branch having the first defect (which can be identified in a further step S3), the switching elements 3a-3f of the bridge branch identified as having multiple defects are switched off. Then, by means of one or a plurality of half-bridges 3a/3d determined to be free of defects; 3b/3 e; 3c/3f to set the short circuit mode AKS. A secure system state is also achieved here.
To perform the method, the respective controller 4 can be provided as a separate controller 4 or as part of the inverter 2. The method can then be implemented as an at least partially software-implemented method, for example as a control algorithm for implementation in the controller 4. However, it is also possible to realize the identification of defects and the manipulation of the switching elements 3a-3f to form the short-circuit mode AKS by means of corresponding hardware selected according to the purpose. By ensuring that the short-circuit mode AKS is provided in combination with a separate voltage supply source, a safe state can be achieved even in case of failure of the microcontroller.
List of reference numerals
1 electric machine
2 inverter
3a-f switching element
AKS short-circuit mode
HV + high side or positive electrode
HV-low side or negative electrode
4 controller
Method steps S1, S2, S3
Thick line current path
Thin line no-current path
Short-circuiting on lightning switching elements

Claims (10)

1. A method for switching off an electric machine (1) operated by an inverter (2), wherein the inverter (2) has at least two switching elements (3a-c) assigned to an HS side (HV +) and at least two switching elements (3d-f) assigned to an LS side (HV-), respectively, and wherein, in a first step (S1), a defect on one or more switching elements (3a-3f) is identified by determining a fault signal of at least one driver of the switching elements (3a-3 f); in a second step (S2), a short-circuit mode (AKS) is set on the respective HS side (HV +) or LS side (HV-) which has no fault signal.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein defects on one or more switching elements (3a-3f) are identified in such a way that the switching elements (3a-3f) are operated alternately.
3. Method according to claim 2, wherein in case a blocking-defective switching element (3a-3f) is identified, the short-circuit mode (AKS) is set on the HS side (HV +) or the LS side (HV-) which is determined to be non-defective.
4. Method according to claim 2, wherein in case a switching element (3a-3f) with a conduction defect is identified, the short-circuit mode (AKS) is set on the HS side (HV +) or the LS side (HV-) which is determined to be defective.
5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein, when in a further step (S3) a further defect on one or more switching elements (3a-3f) is identified in the same bridge branch having the first defect, the switching elements (3a-3f) of the bridge branch identified as having a plurality of defects are switched to be blocked.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the short-circuit mode (AKS) is set by means of the one or more half-bridges (3a/3 d; 3b/3 e; 3c/3f) determined to be defect-free.
7. A control device for controlling the switching off of an electric machine (1) controlled by an inverter (2), wherein the inverter (2) has at least two switching elements (3a-c) assigned to the HS side and at least two switching elements (3d-f) assigned to the LS side, respectively, wherein the control device is adapted to carry out the method according to one of the preceding claims.
8. The control device according to claim 7, wherein the inverter (2) is implemented as a pulse inverter and the electric machine (1) is a permanently excited synchronous machine.
9. Control device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein a separate voltage supply source for handling the short-circuit mode (AKS) is provided.
10. A vehicle, in particular a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle, having a controller according to one of claims 7 to 9.
CN202011399214.2A 2019-12-04 2020-12-02 Method for switching off an electric machine operated by an inverter in the event of a disturbance Pending CN112910373A (en)

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DE102006003254A1 (en) * 2006-01-24 2007-07-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Operating method for electrical machine with pulse-controlled inverter in case of disturbance, involves switching electrical machine into de-energizing mode and into short-circuit mode
JP4757815B2 (en) * 2007-03-05 2011-08-24 本田技研工業株式会社 Electric motor control device and vehicle
US7652858B2 (en) * 2007-06-06 2010-01-26 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Protection for permanent magnet motor control circuits
DE102010030856A1 (en) * 2010-07-02 2012-01-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for operating an at least three-phase electric machine serving as drive unit in a motor vehicle and control unit for an inverter
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