CN112910170A - Motor, motor control method, vehicle and medium - Google Patents
Motor, motor control method, vehicle and medium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112910170A CN112910170A CN202110322620.7A CN202110322620A CN112910170A CN 112910170 A CN112910170 A CN 112910170A CN 202110322620 A CN202110322620 A CN 202110322620A CN 112910170 A CN112910170 A CN 112910170A
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- component
- assembly
- air gap
- motor
- length
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
- H02K7/12—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with auxiliary limited movement of stators, rotors or core parts, e.g. rotors axially movable for the purpose of clutching or braking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
- H02K7/12—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with auxiliary limited movement of stators, rotors or core parts, e.g. rotors axially movable for the purpose of clutching or braking
- H02K7/125—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with auxiliary limited movement of stators, rotors or core parts, e.g. rotors axially movable for the purpose of clutching or braking magnetically influenced
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
- H02K2201/03—Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
Abstract
An embodiment of the present invention provides a motor, a motor control method, a vehicle, and a medium, where the motor includes: the first component and the second component can rotate relatively; the first component has a lumen structure and the second component is located in the lumen structure; the inner surface of the first component is parallel to the outer surface of the second component to form an air gap; the plane of the outline of the outer surface of the second component is intersected with the axis of the second component; when the first component and the second component move relatively in the axial direction, the air gap length corresponds to the relative position between the first component and the second component. The embodiment of the invention provides a motor with an adjustable air gap, which changes the working characteristics of the motor by adjusting the length of the air gap of the motor, so that the motor is more adaptive to the current working condition requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machinery, in particular to a motor, a motor control method, a vehicle and a medium.
Background
The motor is an electromagnetic device for realizing electric energy conversion or transmission according to an electromagnetic induction law.
A rotary electric machine is one of electric machines. A rotating electrical machine generally comprises a rotor and a stator with a length of air gap between them.
The length of the motor air gap is closely related to the output torque and the efficiency. Generally speaking, the smaller the air gap length, the stronger the magnetic field, and the larger the motor output torque, i.e. the larger the motor can output without changing the volume. However, a stronger magnetic field means a greater iron loss of the motor. The motor loss mainly comprises two parts of copper loss and iron loss, and for a driving motor, the iron loss energy ratio of a common working condition is far larger than the copper loss, namely the iron loss basically determines the comprehensive efficiency of the motor. Therefore, the reduction of the air gap will result in the reduction of the overall efficiency of the drive motor.
In the prior art, the air gap length of the motor is not variable, so that the torque density and the efficiency become contradictions, the efficiency is reduced when the air gap length is reduced and the torque density is improved, and the torque density is reduced when the air gap length is increased and the efficiency is improved. In addition, the length of the air gap is invariable, so that the magnetic field of the rotor can be weakened only by loading negative longitudinal axis current through the winding, and the magnetic field of the rotor is weakened by large weak magnetic current under a high-speed working condition, so that the voltage of the motor end is ensured not to exceed the bus voltage. The high speed operation also generates additional copper loss, resulting in further reduced efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, embodiments of the present invention are proposed to provide a motor, a motor control method, a vehicle, and a medium that overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.
In order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a motor, including: the first component and the second component can rotate relatively;
the first component has a lumen structure and the second component is located in the lumen structure;
the inner surface of the first component is parallel to the outer surface of the second component to form an air gap;
the plane of the outline of the outer surface of the second component is intersected with the axis of the second component;
when the first component and the second component move relatively in the axial direction, the air gap length corresponds to the relative position between the first component and the second component.
Optionally, the method further comprises: a moving assembly; the moving assembly is connected with at least one of the first assembly and the second assembly;
the moving assembly is used for driving the first assembly and the second assembly to move relatively in the axial direction.
Optionally, the first component is a stator and the second component is a rotor.
Optionally, the first component is a rotor and the second component is a stator.
Optionally, the inner wall of the first component and the outer surface of the second component are tapered.
Optionally, the inner wall of the first component and the outer surface of the second component are stepped.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a motor control method, which is applied to the motor and comprises the following steps:
determining a target air gap length;
determining a target relative position of the first component and the second component as a function of the target air gap length;
moving at least one of the first assembly and the second assembly to bring the first assembly and the second assembly into the target relative position.
Optionally, the step of determining the target air gap length includes:
acquiring working condition data;
and determining the target air gap length according to the working condition data.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a vehicle which is provided with the motor.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a computer readable storage medium, wherein a computer program is stored on the computer readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the motor control method are realized.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the motor is provided with a first assembly and a second assembly which can rotate relatively, the first assembly is provided with an inner cavity structure, the second assembly is positioned in the inner cavity structure, the inner wall of the first assembly is parallel to the outer surface of the second assembly, so that an air gap exists between the first assembly and the second assembly, the plane of the outer surface of the second assembly, in which the outline is located, intersects with the axis of the second assembly, the length of the air gap is changed immediately when the first assembly and the second assembly move relatively in the axis direction, and therefore the motor with the adjustable air gap is provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a topological cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an electrical machine of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an air gap adjustment for an electric machine embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a topological cross-sectional view of another motor embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of steps of an embodiment of a motor control method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
One of the core ideas of the embodiment of the invention is that an air gap exists between the first component and the second component, and the plane of the outer surface of the second component is intersected with the axis of the second component, so that when the first component and the second component move relatively in the direction of the axis, the length of the air gap is changed immediately, and the motor with the adjustable air gap is provided.
Referring to fig. 1, a topological cross-sectional view of one motor embodiment of the present invention is shown. The embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps: a first assembly 1 and a second assembly 2 which can rotate relatively;
the first component 1 has a lumen structure in which the second component 2 is located;
the inner surface of the first component 1 is parallel to the outer surface of the second component 2, forming an air gap 3;
the plane of the outline of the outer surface of the second component 2 intersects the axis of the second component 2;
when the first component 1 and the second component 2 move relatively in the axial direction, the length of the air gap 3 corresponds to the relative position between the first component 1 and the second component 2.
One of the first assembly 1 and the second assembly 2 is a rotor, and the other is a stator, and when the motor works, the first assembly 1 and the second assembly 2 can rotate relatively.
In one example, one of the first and second assemblies 1 and 2 may be a magnetic material (e.g., iron core, permanent magnet), and the other may be a coil winding (e.g., a plurality of coils formed by winding copper wires with a certain rule and covered with an insulating material).
The inner wall of the first component 1 and the outer surface of the second component 2 are parallel to each other and are at a first predetermined distance from each other, forming an air gap 3 having a length of the first predetermined distance.
The plane of the outer surface contour of the second component 2 forms an included angle (for example, as shown in fig. 1, the included angle is r) with the axis of the second component 2, based on the included angle, when the first component 1 and the second component 2 relatively move along the axis, the length of the air gap 3 changes, the length of the air gap 3 corresponds to the relative position between the first component 1 and the second component 2, specifically, the inner cavity structure has a first opening and a second opening, the inner diameter of the first opening is smaller than that of the second opening, when the second component 2 relatively moves towards the first opening and the first component 1, the length of the air gap 3 becomes smaller; when the second component 2 is moved relatively to the first component 1 towards the second opening, the length of the air gap 3 becomes larger.
When the first component 1 and the second component 2 are completely aligned (as shown in fig. 1), the air gap 3 has a length a (i.e., the first predetermined distance). When the first component 1 and the second component 2 move relatively in the horizontal direction, the length of the air gap 3 can be adjusted. Referring to fig. 2, which shows a schematic diagram of adjusting the air gap 3 of an embodiment of the motor of the present invention, when the first assembly 1 moves horizontally to the left or the second assembly 2 moves horizontally to the right, the length of the air gap 3 is b, and b > a, i.e. the length of the air gap 3 is increased; conversely, if the first element 1 is moved horizontally to the right or the second element 2 is moved horizontally to the left, a reduction in the length of the air gap 3 is achieved.
In practical application, magnetic fields exist in the first component 1 and the second component 2, and the magnetic flux between the first component 1 and the second component 2 in the motor can be changed by adjusting the length of the air gap 3, so that the output characteristic of the motor is changed. When the motor needs large torque output, the torque density can be improved by reducing the length of the air gap 3; when the motor runs at medium and low torque, the running efficiency can be improved by increasing the length of the air gap 3; when the motor runs at a high speed, the rotor magnetic field is reduced for field weakening by increasing the length of the air gap 3, the field weakening current of the stator winding is reduced, the copper consumption is reduced, and the high-speed efficiency is improved.
It should be noted that. The length of the air gap 3 of the motor is actually small, and the relative movement of the first component 1 and the second component 2 with small amplitude can realize the change of the length of the air gap 3 with larger percentage. In addition, the included angle r is adjustable, and when the relative movement distance between the first component 1 and the second component 2 is fixed, the larger the included angle r is, the larger the variation of the air gap 3 is.
In the embodiment of the invention, a first component 1 and a second component 2 which can rotate relatively are arranged in a motor, the first component 1 is provided with an inner cavity structure, the second component 2 is arranged in the inner cavity structure, the inner wall of the first component 1 is parallel to the outer surface of the second component 2, so that an air gap 3 exists between the first component 1 and the second component 2, and the plane of the outer surface of the second component 2 intersects with the axis of the second component 2, so that when the first component 1 and the second component 2 send relative movement in the direction of the axis, the length of the air gap 3 is changed immediately, and the motor with the adjustable air gap is provided, and the working characteristic of the motor is changed by adjusting the length of the air gap 3 of the motor, so that the motor is more adaptive to the requirement of the current working condition.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the electric machine further comprises: a moving assembly; the moving assembly is connected with at least one of the first assembly 1 and the second assembly 2; the moving assembly is used for driving the first assembly 1 and the second assembly 2 to move relatively in the axial direction.
The motor may further comprise a housing in which the first and second assemblies 1, 2 are housed. In an example, a moving assembly is connected to the first assembly 1, the moving assembly controlling the first assembly 1 to move on the axis to achieve relative movement of the first assembly 1 and the second assembly 2. In the axial direction, the second component 2 is in a fixed position relative to the housing.
In another example, a moving component is connected to the second component 2, the moving component controlling the second component 2 to move on the axis to achieve relative movement of the first component 1 and the second component 2. In the axial direction, the first component 1 is in a fixed position relative to the housing.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the first component 1 is a stator and the second component 2 is a rotor.
The motor provided by the embodiment of the invention can be an inner rotor motor, namely the first component 1 is a stator, the second component 2 is a rotor, and the rotor is positioned in an inner cavity structure of the stator.
In another alternative embodiment of the invention, the first component 1 is a rotor and the second component 2 is a stator.
The motor provided by the embodiment of the invention can be an outer rotor motor, namely the first component 1 is a rotor, the second component 2 is a stator, and the stator is positioned in an inner cavity structure of the rotor.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the inner wall of the first component 1 and the outer surface of the second component 2 are tapered.
As shown in fig. 3, a topological cross-sectional view of another motor embodiment of the present invention is shown; in an alternative embodiment of the invention, the inner wall of the first component and the outer surface of the second component are stepped, with the air gap 3 having a length that is the distance between the opposing steps (as shown in figure 3, the air gap 3 has a length d.)
The number, length and height of the steps can be set according to actual requirements, and the number, length and height of the steps are not limited in the embodiment of the invention.
Referring to fig. 4, which shows a flow chart of steps of an embodiment of a motor control method, applied to the motor described above, an embodiment of the present invention may include:
Since the air gap length corresponds to the relative position of the first and second components, a target relative position of the first and second components (e.g., a relative position between the center of the first component and the center of the second component) may be determined based on the determined target air gap length.
And controlling at least one of the first assembly and the second assembly to move along the axis of the second assembly so as to enable the first assembly and the second assembly to be in the target relative position. When the first assembly and the second assembly process the target relative position, the length of the air gap is the target air gap length.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the step 401 may include: acquiring working condition data; and determining the target air gap length according to the working condition data.
Operating condition data may include, but is not limited to, torque information, rotational speed information, efficiency information. The target air gap length is determined by adopting the working condition data, and the air gap is adjusted to the target air gap length, so that when the motor needs large torque output, the torque density can be improved by reducing the air gap length; when the motor runs at medium and low torque, the running efficiency can be improved by increasing the length of the air gap; when the motor runs at a high speed, the rotor magnetic field is reduced for field weakening by increasing the length of the air gap, the field weakening current of the stator winding is reduced, the copper consumption is reduced, and the high-speed efficiency is improved.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the step 402 may include: generating a movement instruction based on the target relative position; the moving component is used for responding to the moving instruction and controlling the first component and/or the second component to move to the position matched with the target relative position.
The first assembly, and/or the second assembly, is moved along the axis by moving the assemblies to adjust the length of the air gap between the first assembly and the second assembly.
It should be noted that, for simplicity of description, the method embodiments are described as a series of acts or combination of acts, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited by the illustrated order of acts, as some steps may occur in other orders or concurrently in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. Further, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are presently preferred and that no particular act is required to implement the invention.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a vehicle which is provided with the motor provided by the motor embodiment.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements each process of the embodiment of the motor control method, and can achieve the same technical effect, and in order to avoid repetition, details are not repeated here.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, apparatus, or computer program product. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
Embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, terminal devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing terminal to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable terminal to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable terminal provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications of these embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the embodiments of the invention.
Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element.
The motor, the motor control method, the vehicle and the medium provided by the invention are described in detail, the principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific examples, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An electric machine, comprising: the first component and the second component can rotate relatively;
the first component has a lumen structure and the second component is located in the lumen structure;
the inner surface of the first component is parallel to the outer surface of the second component to form an air gap;
the plane of the outline of the outer surface of the second component is intersected with the axis of the second component;
when the first component and the second component move relatively in the axial direction, the air gap length corresponds to the relative position between the first component and the second component.
2. The electric machine of claim 1, further comprising: a moving assembly; the moving assembly is connected with at least one of the first assembly and the second assembly;
the moving assembly is used for driving the first assembly and the second assembly to move relatively in the axial direction.
3. The machine according to claim 1 or 2,
the first component is a stator, and the second component is a rotor.
4. The machine according to claim 1 or 2,
the first component is a rotor, and the second component is a stator.
5. The machine according to claim 1 or 2,
the inner wall of the first component and the outer surface of the second component are tapered.
6. The machine according to claim 1 or 2,
the inner wall of the first component and the outer surface of the second component are stepped.
7. A motor control method, applied to a motor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
determining a target air gap length;
determining a target relative position of the first component and the second component as a function of the target air gap length;
moving at least one of the first assembly and the second assembly to bring the first assembly and the second assembly into the target relative position.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of determining the target air gap length comprises:
acquiring working condition data;
and determining the target air gap length according to the working condition data.
9. A vehicle, characterized in that the vehicle is provided with an electric machine according to any of claims 1-6.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, which computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the motor control method according to any one of claims 7 to 8.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110322620.7A CN112910170A (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2021-03-25 | Motor, motor control method, vehicle and medium |
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| CN202110322620.7A CN112910170A (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2021-03-25 | Motor, motor control method, vehicle and medium |
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