CN112910114A - Four-phase 16/18-pole hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance generator - Google Patents
Four-phase 16/18-pole hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance generator Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
- H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/18—Windings for salient poles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/12—Machines characterised by the modularity of some components
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Abstract
The invention relates to a four-phase 16/18-pole hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance generator which comprises a 16/18-pole hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance and a four-phase uncontrollable full-bridge rectifying circuit, wherein a plurality of stator poles of the hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance are respectively provided with a set of armature windings and a set of excitation windings, the excitation windings adopt concentrated non-overlapping excitation coils, the excitation windings are formed by mutually connecting the excitation coils in series, the armature windings adopt armature coils of double-layer concentrated windings, the armature coils on every two adjacent stator poles form an independent sub-module by reversely connecting the armature coils in series, one-phase armature windings can be obtained by mutually connecting the independent sub-modules in series, and a permanent magnet which is magnetized tangentially is arranged in a notch between the stator poles. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of improving the output capability and the fault-tolerant capability of the generator, reducing the output voltage fluctuation rate and the torque fluctuation rate and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of special motors, in particular to a four-phase 16/18-pole hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance generator.
Background
At present, with the rapid development of multi-electric airplanes and electric vehicles, the demand for a generator as a core element is increasing. Much research in the prior art has been directed to electric vehicles and generators for multi-electric aircraft, and the types of engines currently in existence or under study include: the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the hybrid excitation reluctance motor, the electric excitation double salient pole motor, the switch reluctance motor and the variable magnetic flux reluctance motor. The price of rare earth permanent magnet materials is continuously increased, the price of the traditional permanent magnet synchronous motor is also increased, the permanent magnet motor has the problems that the air gap magnetic field regulation capability is limited, the permanent magnet is difficult to dissipate heat, the permanent magnet cannot be demagnetized, and the like, and the high-performance reluctance motor becomes an important research direction.
The variable magnetic flux reluctance motor is a typical electro-magnetic reluctance motor, the variable magnetic flux reluctance motor keeps the advantage of simplicity of an electro-magnetic doubly salient motor rotor, but each stator slot is provided with a direct-current excitation winding, and the variable magnetic flux reluctance motor has the advantages of symmetrical magnetic circuits of all phases, flexible adjustment of an air gap magnetic field, high reliability, low cost, variable speed and constant voltage and the like. In addition, with the benefit of the symmetrical distribution of the dc excitation field along the air gap, the number of rotor poles of a variable flux reluctance machine can be odd, reducing torque ripple by eliminating even harmonics in the phase flux linkage or opposing potentials. However, conventional electrically excited machines also include variable flux reluctance machines in which the flux linkages produced by the dc excitation current are all unipolar, i.e., each armature coil flux linkage is dc biased, otherwise known as dc bias saturation. The direct current bias saturation phenomenon is mainly embodied in a stator core, the direct current bias cannot participate in energy conversion, but the saturation of the stator core is increased, the hysteresis loss is increased, and the output power of the motor is influenced.
In addition, for aviation or vehicle generators, fault tolerance is also a very important indicator. Generally, in order to improve the fault tolerance of the motor, the following requirements are generally satisfied in the design process of the motor: 1) electromagnetic isolation between phases; 2) limiting the short-circuit current; 3) temperature isolation between phases; 4) physical separation between phases; 5) higher number of phases. Therefore, when designing the motor, it is necessary to improve the self-inductance of the armature winding, reduce the mutual inductance of the armature winding, and increase the number of phases to improve the fault tolerance of the motor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a four-phase 16/18-pole hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance generator, which can reduce the direct current bias saturation of a stator core to reduce the core loss and improve the output capacity of the motor by placing a tangentially magnetized permanent magnet on a stator notch; meanwhile, through the distribution of the modularized armature magnetic field, the phase self-inductance of the armature winding can be increased to reduce the short-circuit current, and the influence of the fault on the normal phase is reduced by reducing the magnetic coupling between the phases.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a fault-tolerant reluctance generator of four-phase 16/18 utmost point hybrid excitation, includes 16/18 utmost point hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance and the uncontrollable full-bridge rectifier circuit of four-phase, all be equipped with one set of armature winding and one set of field winding on a plurality of stator poles of fault-tolerant reluctance of hybrid excitation, field winding adopts concentrated non-overlapping excitation coil, establishes ties each other through each excitation coil and constitutes field winding, armature winding adopts the armature coil of double-deck concentrated winding, and the armature coil on per two adjacent stator poles forms an independent submodule piece through the series connection of each other, can obtain a looks armature winding through the independent submodule piece with same looks, be provided with the permanent magnet that the tangential was magnetized in the notch between the stator pole.
The winding directions of the magnet exciting coils on the adjacent stator poles are opposite, and the magnet exciting coils are uniformly and symmetrically distributed on the circumference of the stator poles, so that the magnetic circuits of all phases are symmetrical, and the torque fluctuation and the rectified output voltage pulsation can be reduced.
Direct current is applied to the excitation winding, and flux linkages generated by the direct current excitation current are unipolar, namely each armature coil flux linkage has direct current bias.
The polarities of two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite.
The direction of the magnetic force lines generated by the permanent magnets is opposite to the direction of the magnetic force lines generated by the excitation winding.
The number of the phases of the armature winding is four.
Furthermore, one end of the four-phase armature winding is led out and then arranged together to be used as the negative pole of the generator; the other end of the four-phase non-controllable full-bridge rectifier circuit is connected between four diode groups of the four-phase non-controllable full-bridge rectifier circuit respectively and used as the positive pole of the generator to form the full-bridge rectifier circuit.
And magnetic fluxes generated by the two armature coils on the independent sub-modules form a closed short magnetic circuit.
The path of the closed short magnetic circuit comprises an air gap, two adjacent stator poles and two adjacent rotor poles.
The permanent magnet is fixed on the notch between the stator poles through a slot wedge and acrylic resin AB glue.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the tangentially magnetized permanent magnet is arranged on the notch of the stator, and although the permanent magnet does not directly participate in the generation of torque, the tangentially magnetized permanent magnet can relieve the direct current bias saturation of the stator core, and particularly can effectively improve the output capacity of the generator under high current density.
2. The invention adopts a distributed excitation structure, can reduce the output voltage fluctuation rate and the torque fluctuation rate, and can meet the requirement that the motor operates in a variable-speed constant-voltage state by adjusting the excitation current.
3. The invention respectively determines the number of the stator poles and the number of the rotor poles as 16 and 18, so that the motor has the modularized armature magnetic field distribution, and the armature winding has the characteristics of large self inductance and small mutual inductance, thereby improving the fault-tolerant capability of the generator.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the coil connection of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a rectifier circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a magnetic flux linkage and flux density distribution diagram of the present invention under excitation current and permanent magnet co-excitation;
FIG. 5 is a graph of flux linkage and flux density distribution for the present invention under excitation of only the A-phase armature winding;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the opposing potential of an open phase with the opposing potential under no load for a single phase open fault in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing phase current of a short-circuited phase with phase current of an adjacent phase before and after a single-phase short-circuit fault according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a graph of output voltage waveforms of the present invention during normal operation, during single-phase open circuit, and during single-phase short circuit.
Reference numerals:
1-a stator pole; 2-rotor poles; 3-an excitation winding; 4-an armature winding; 5-permanent magnet.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, a four-phase 16/18-pole hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance generator includes a 16/18-pole hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance and a four-phase uncontrollable full-bridge rectifier circuit, a set of armature windings 4 and a set of excitation windings 3 are respectively arranged on a plurality of stator poles 1 of the hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance, the excitation windings 3 adopt concentrated non-overlapping excitation coils, the excitation windings are formed by mutually connecting the excitation coils in series, the armature windings 4 adopt armature coils of double-layer concentrated windings, the armature coils on every two adjacent stator poles 1 form an independent sub-module by reversely connecting the armature coils in series, one-phase armature windings 4 can be obtained by mutually connecting the independent sub-modules in series, and tangentially magnetized permanent magnets 5 are arranged in slots between the stator poles 1.
The winding directions of the magnet exciting coils on the adjacent stator poles 1 are opposite, and the magnet exciting coils are uniformly and symmetrically distributed on the circumference of the stator poles 1, so that magnetic circuits of all phases are symmetrical, and torque fluctuation and rectified output voltage pulsation can be reduced.
Direct current is applied to the excitation winding 3, and flux linkages generated by the direct current excitation current are all unipolar, namely, each armature coil flux linkage has direct current bias.
The polarities of two adjacent permanent magnets 5 are opposite.
The direction of the magnetic lines of force generated by the permanent magnets 5 is opposite to the direction of the magnetic lines of force generated by the field winding 3.
The armature windings are connected in a manner as shown in fig. 2, the number of the phases of the armature winding 4 is four, and for the a-phase, A1X1 and A2X2 are two submodules constituting the a-phase armature winding, and the a-phase armature winding can be obtained by connecting the X1 terminal and the A2 terminal in series. For phase B, B1Y1 and B2Y2 are two submodules constituting a phase B armature winding, which is obtained by connecting the Y1 terminal and the B2 terminal in series; for the C phase, C1Z1 and C2Z2 are two submodules constituting a C-phase armature winding, which can be obtained by connecting the Z1 terminal and the C2 terminal in series; for phase D, D1V1 and D2V2 are two submodules that make up a phase D armature winding that is made by connecting the D1 and V2 terminals in series.
One end of the four-phase armature winding 4 is led out and then arranged together to be used as the cathode of the generator; the other end is respectively connected between four diode groups of the four-phase uncontrollable full-bridge rectification circuit and used as the positive pole of the generator to form the full-bridge rectification circuit, and as shown in fig. 3, when the rotor pole 2 slides in and slides out of the stator pole 1, the phase corresponding to the stator pole 1 can supply power to the load, thereby improving the output power.
The magnetic fluxes generated by the two armature coils on the independent sub-modules form a closed short magnetic circuit.
The path of the closed short magnetic circuit comprises an air gap, two adjacent stator poles 1 and two adjacent rotor poles 2.
The permanent magnets 5 are fixed to the slots between the stator poles 1 by means of wedges and an acrylic AB glue.
As shown in fig. 4, the direction of the magnetic force lines generated by the dc excitation current is opposite to the direction of the magnetic force lines generated by the permanent magnets, and the saturation degree of the stator core is decreased to reduce the core loss and improve the output capability of the motor. As shown in fig. 5, the a-phase armature winding produces little magnetic flux through the stator poles of the other phases, verifying that the magnetic paths of each individual sub-module are nearly isolated from each other, reducing magnetic coupling between the phases.
As shown in fig. 6, the waveforms of the back electromotive force of the phase and the back electromotive force of the motor in no-load operation almost coincide, which shows that when the motor single phase is open-circuited, the magnetic coupling of the normal phase to the open-circuited phase is almost negligible, and the motor is verified to have good electromagnetic insulation characteristics.
As shown in fig. 7, when a-phase short circuit occurs, the phase current of the a-phase is only 1.67 times that of normal operation because the large self-inductance of the a-phase armature winding inhibits the short circuit; for the adjacent phase B phase, the short-circuit current of the phase A has the magnetizing effect on the armature winding of the adjacent phase, so that the phase current of the adjacent phase can be improved, but the mutual inductance of the motor is almost negligible, so that the phase current amplitude of the adjacent phase B phase is only 1.1 times that of the normal operation, and the short-circuit current suppression method has the capability of well suppressing the short-circuit current.
As shown in fig. 8, the generator of the present invention outputs voltage waveform diagrams during normal operation, single-phase open circuit and single-phase short circuit; when the motor works normally, the rectified output voltage is 22.67V, and the fluctuation rate of the rectified output voltage is 26.95 percent; when the motor works in a single-phase open circuit and a single-phase short circuit, the rectified output voltage is almost 19V, and the fluctuation rate of the rectified output voltage is almost 78.15%. The rectified output voltage waveforms under the single-phase open circuit and the single-phase short circuit are almost overlapped, the distribution of the modularized armature magnetic field is verified, and the fault-tolerant capability is strong.
In addition, it should be noted that the specific embodiments described in the present specification may have different names, and the above descriptions in the present specification are only illustrations of the structures of the present invention. All equivalent or simple changes in the structure, characteristics and principles of the invention are included in the protection scope of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or methods may be similarly employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appending claims.
Claims (10)
1. A four-phase 16/18-pole hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance generator is characterized by comprising a 16/18-pole hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance generator and a four-phase uncontrollable full-bridge rectifying circuit, a set of armature winding (4) and a set of excitation winding (3) are arranged on a plurality of stator poles (1) of the mixed excitation fault-tolerant reluctance, the excitation winding (3) adopts concentrated non-overlapping excitation coils, the excitation windings are mutually connected in series to form an excitation winding, the armature winding (4) adopts armature coils of double-layer concentrated windings, the armature coils on every two adjacent stator poles (1) are reversely connected in series to form an independent sub-module, one-phase armature windings (4) are obtained by connecting the independent submodules of the same phase in series with each other, and permanent magnets (5) magnetized in a tangential direction are arranged in the notches between the stator poles (1).
2. The four-phase 16/18-pole hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance generator of claim 1, wherein the winding directions of the field coils on adjacent stator poles (1) are opposite.
3. The four-phase 16/18-pole hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance generator of claim 1, wherein a direct current is applied in the excitation winding (3).
4. The four-phase 16/18-pole hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance generator of claim 1, wherein the polarities of two adjacent permanent magnets (5) are opposite.
5. The four-phase 16/18-pole hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance generator of claim 1, wherein the direction of the magnetic lines generated by the permanent magnets (5) is opposite to the direction of the magnetic lines generated by the excitation winding (3).
6. The four-phase 16/18-pole hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance generator of claim 1, wherein the number of phases of the armature winding (4) is four.
7. The four-phase 16/18-pole hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance generator of claim 6, wherein one end of the four-phase armature winding (4) is led out and then arranged together to be used as a negative pole of the generator; the other end of the four-phase non-controllable full-bridge rectifying circuit is connected between four diode groups of the four-phase non-controllable full-bridge rectifying circuit respectively and used as the anode of the generator.
8. The four-phase 16/18-pole hybrid fault-tolerant reluctance generator of claim 1, wherein the magnetic fluxes generated by the two armature coils on the independent submodules form a closed short magnetic circuit.
9. The four-phase 16/18-pole hybrid fault-tolerant reluctance generator of claim 8, wherein the path of the closed short magnetic circuit comprises an air gap, two adjacent stator poles (1) and two adjacent rotor poles (2).
10. The four-phase 16/18-pole hybrid fault-tolerant reluctance generator of claim 1, wherein the permanent magnets (5) are fixed to the slots between the stator poles (1) by slot wedges and acrylic AB glue.
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| CN202110096532.XA CN112910114A (en) | 2021-01-25 | 2021-01-25 | Four-phase 16/18-pole hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance generator |
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| CN202110096532.XA CN112910114A (en) | 2021-01-25 | 2021-01-25 | Four-phase 16/18-pole hybrid excitation fault-tolerant reluctance generator |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006058505A1 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2006-06-08 | Zhenfeng Zhu | Method of changing leakage flux of reluctance motor and its tooth-slot magnetic biasing type reluctance motor |
| US20100066085A1 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2010-03-18 | Weidong Gu | Non-Grid-Connected Wind Turbine Generator System with High Power, High Efficiency and Low Cost |
| CN103795159A (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2014-05-14 | 东南大学 | Stator-rotor double-permanent-magnet-type-vernier motor |
| CN105790456A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-20 | 南京航空航天大学 | Three-phase mixed excitation magnetic flux switching motor structure |
| CN110299770A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-10-01 | 上海电力大学 | The four isolated fault-tolerant electric excitation biconvex electrode electric machines of the pole phase 4N/3N winding |
| CN111181339A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-05-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | Stator modularized double-rotor doubly-salient permanent magnet motor |
| CN112104126A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-18 | 上海电力大学 | Three-phase 24/20-pole distributed electro-magnetic doubly salient wind driven generator |
-
2021
- 2021-01-25 CN CN202110096532.XA patent/CN112910114A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006058505A1 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2006-06-08 | Zhenfeng Zhu | Method of changing leakage flux of reluctance motor and its tooth-slot magnetic biasing type reluctance motor |
| US20100066085A1 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2010-03-18 | Weidong Gu | Non-Grid-Connected Wind Turbine Generator System with High Power, High Efficiency and Low Cost |
| CN103795159A (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2014-05-14 | 东南大学 | Stator-rotor double-permanent-magnet-type-vernier motor |
| CN105790456A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-20 | 南京航空航天大学 | Three-phase mixed excitation magnetic flux switching motor structure |
| CN110299770A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-10-01 | 上海电力大学 | The four isolated fault-tolerant electric excitation biconvex electrode electric machines of the pole phase 4N/3N winding |
| CN111181339A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-05-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | Stator modularized double-rotor doubly-salient permanent magnet motor |
| CN112104126A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-18 | 上海电力大学 | Three-phase 24/20-pole distributed electro-magnetic doubly salient wind driven generator |
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Application publication date: 20210604 |