CN112909528A - Broadband circularly polarized super-surface antenna - Google Patents
Broadband circularly polarized super-surface antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN112909528A CN112909528A CN202110164196.8A CN202110164196A CN112909528A CN 112909528 A CN112909528 A CN 112909528A CN 202110164196 A CN202110164196 A CN 202110164196A CN 112909528 A CN112909528 A CN 112909528A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention relates to a broadband circularly polarized super-surface antenna, which solves the technical problems of unstable directional diagram and narrow bandwidth, and adopts a double-layer dielectric plate and three metal layers, wherein the specifications of the two layers of dielectric plates are the same; the three metal layers are respectively a super-surface patch on the top layer, a slotted floor in the middle layer and a feed structure on the bottommost layer; the super surface is a 4 x 4 metal square patch, and is provided with a circular groove for forming a circular current to generate circularly polarized radiation; the middle metal floor is provided with four rectangular grooves with the same size for signal coupling, so that the technical scheme better solves the problem and can be used for a broadband circularly polarized antenna with a stable directional diagram.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radio frequency antennas, in particular to a broadband circularly polarized super-surface antenna with a stable directional diagram.
Background
In a wireless communication system, an antenna is an indispensable part, and is capable of performing transmission and reception of electromagnetic wave signals. Among them, microstrip patch antennas have been rapidly developed due to their advantages of small size, easy commonality, easy manufacture, and the like. The directional diagram characteristic is an important index of the microstrip patch antenna, and the quality of the directional diagram has direct influence on the working frequency band of the antenna. In many cases, the bandwidth of the antenna and its application in engineering are limited due to the distortion of the antenna pattern. Factors affecting the antenna pattern are many, such as the size of the finite ground plane, coupling between patches, the influence of higher order modes, etc. In order to improve the antenna pattern, researchers have proposed many methods. The circularly polarized patch antenna can effectively reduce the characteristics of multipath distortion, low polarization mismatch loss and the like of the antenna, and therefore has important application value in the fields of satellite communication and the like. Especially for the circularly polarized antenna with super surface loading, the antenna has the excellent performances of wide working bandwidth, high gain and the like, and is widely concerned.
The design difficulty and complexity of the antenna is also increased after loading the super-surface in the antenna. Especially when analyzing the performance of the antenna, the antenna radiator and the loaded super-surface are usually simulated as a black box as a whole, which makes it difficult to obtain a clear physical concept and requires a lot of time and computing resources to obtain an antenna with excellent performance.
In order to solve the problem, the invention researches a broadband circularly polarized super-surface antenna with stable directional diagram by using a characteristic mode theory. Firstly, performing characteristic mode analysis on the super-surface, researching the surface current distribution and far-field radiation characteristics of each mode, and selecting a proper working mode according to the preset antenna radiation characteristics. On the basis, the super surface is further subjected to slotting treatment, and unwanted mode current is cut off so as to eliminate the influence of the unwanted mode current on an antenna pattern. For the designed antenna, the selected mode is excited by adopting a sequential spiral feeding mode to form the broadband circularly polarized super-surface antenna with a stable directional diagram. The experimental and theoretical analysis results show that the relative impedance bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna are respectively 29.5% and 24.6%, and the in-band directional diagram is stable. The antenna has good application value in a WIFI frequency band in wireless communication.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of unstable directional diagram and narrow bandwidth in the prior art. The novel broadband circularly polarized super-surface antenna has the characteristics of stable directional diagram and wide bandwidth.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme is as follows:
a wideband circularly polarized super-surface antenna, comprising: the two layers of dielectric plates have the same specification; the three metal layers are respectively a super-surface patch on the top layer, a slotted floor in the middle layer and a feed structure on the bottommost layer; the super surface is a 4 x 4 metal square patch, and is provided with a circular groove for forming a circular current to generate circularly polarized radiation; the slotted floor of the middle layer is provided with four rectangular grooves with the same size for coupling signals.
In the above scheme, in order to meet the phase requirement, the feed structure at the bottommost layer is a sequential spiral feed structure.
Further, the dielectric plate is an F4B plate, the dielectric constant of the F4B plate is 4.4, and the tangent loss is 0.001.
Furthermore, the side length of the dielectric slab is W, the height of the upper dielectric slab is h1, the height of the lower dielectric slab is h2, the side length of the metal square patch is p, and the patch spacing is g; the inner diameter of the circular groove is R, and the groove distance is s; the length of the rectangular groove is gw, and the width of the rectangular groove is gl; w48 mm, p 8.8mm, g 0.8mm, s 0.5mm, R9.6 mm, gw 8mm, gl 1mm, h1 1.65mm, h2 0.7 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the relative impedance bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna are respectively 29.5% and 24.6%, and the in-band directional diagram is stable. The antenna has good application value in a WIFI frequency band in wireless communication.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a super-surface layer in a broadband circularly polarized super-surface antenna in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a slotted floor layer in the broadband circularly polarized super-surface antenna in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a feed structure layer in the broadband circularly polarized super-surface antenna in embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic side view of the wideband circularly polarized super-surface antenna in embodiment 1.
Fig. 5, simulation result S11 and axial ratio diagram.
Fig. 6, initial antenna simulation pattern.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the 6.7GHz super-surface current distribution at high frequency.
Fig. 8 is a diagram showing MS values of the respective modes.
Fig. 9, a schematic of the current distribution for the first six modes.
FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of the super-surface after grooving.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing MS values of the slotted mode.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the current distribution of the various modes of the grooved subsurface.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of S-parameters and axial ratio of the antenna after slotting.
Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of antenna gain after super-surface modification.
Fig. 15, antenna pattern after slotting.
FIG. 16 is a diagram showing S-parameter comparison between simulation and test.
Fig. 17, schematic diagram comparing simulation with test AR.
Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of measured antenna gain.
Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram comparing a simulated normalized directional diagram with a tested normalized directional diagram.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a wideband circularly polarized super-surface antenna, as shown in fig. 1, 2, and 3, the wideband circularly polarized super-surface antenna includes: the two layers of dielectric plates have the same specification; the three metal layers are respectively a super-surface patch on the top layer, a slotted floor in the middle layer and a feed structure on the bottommost layer; the super surface is a 4 x 4 metal square patch, and is provided with a circular groove for forming a circular current to generate circularly polarized radiation; the slotted floor of the middle layer is provided with four rectangular grooves with the same size for signal coupling.
In particular, the lowest layer of feed structure is a sequential spiral feed structure.
Specifically, the dielectric plate is an F4B plate, the dielectric constant of the F4B plate is 4.4, and the tangent loss is 0.001.
Specifically, the side length of the dielectric slab is W, the height of the upper dielectric slab is h1, the height of the lower dielectric slab is h2, the side length of the metal square patch is p, and the patch spacing is g; the inner diameter of the circular groove is R, and the groove distance is s; the length of the rectangular groove is gw, and the width of the rectangular groove is gl; w48 mm, p 8.8mm, g 0.8mm, s 0.5mm, R9.6 mm, gw 8mm, gl 1mm, h1 1.65mm, h2 0.7 mm.
In order to study the radiation characteristics of the antenna, the antenna is firstly subjected to simulation analysis by using CST electromagnetic simulation software. Fig. 5 shows the simulated S11 parameters and axial ratio. As can be seen from the figure, the S parameter and the axial ratio have good broadband characteristics, and the bandwidths of the S parameter lower than-10 dB and the axial ratio lower than 3dB are respectively 5.25-6.8GHz and 5.38-6.75 GHz. Fig. 6 is a radiation pattern of the antenna, showing that the E-plane and H-plane patterns have good stability at frequencies less than 6.45GHz, and begin to distort at frequencies above 6.45 GHz. This pattern distortion phenomenon will greatly compress the operating bandwidth of the antenna.
To analyze the cause of pattern distortion in the high frequency band of the antenna, we observed the surface current distribution of the super-surface at the high frequency end (e.g. 6.7GHz), as shown in fig. 7. It is clear from the current distribution that a circular circuit distribution is formed around the circular slot, which effectively forms circularly polarized radiation, but the patches at the four corners of the super-surface also excite a current, which also generates radiation, which is the physical nature of antenna pattern distortion. Therefore, to suppress distortion of the high-band antenna pattern, it is necessary to eliminate surface currents at the four corners of the super-surface.
This example performs a pattern analysis on the super-surface:
in order to explore and eliminate surface currents at four corners of a super-surface, a characteristic mode theory is adopted to research distribution characteristics of different characteristic mode currents of the super-surface. According to the characteristic mode analysis, we firstly give the MS values of the first six modes of the super-surface, as shown in fig. 8, it can be seen that there exists a frequency point where MS is 1 in both the fundamental mode and the high-order mode, which indicates that the mode resonates at the frequency point. For a characteristic mode with MS 1, the corresponding radiation can be generated as long as the mode is excited by a suitable device. Fig. 9 is a current distribution of the first six resonant modes. It can be seen that the current of mode 4 is distributed circularly, so that this mode can form circularly polarized radiation; while mode 3 and mode 5 have a larger current distribution at the four corners of the super-surface, but the current of mode 5 is orthogonal to the current of mode 4 at the four corners. From the analysis of fig. 7, it can be seen that the main cause of antenna pattern distortion is due to radiation generated by the patch currents at the corners. It follows that the excitation device we have designed excites mode 5 at the same time as mode 4, resulting in antenna pattern distortion.
In order to effectively suppress the mode 5, we modify the outermost patch of the super surface, i.e., draw a circle with R1 as a radius (R1 is 19.7mm) with the center position of the super surface as a center, and remove the metal outside the circle, so that the structure is shown in fig. 10. For this structure, we further analyzed the distribution of surface currents using eigenmode theory. FIG. 8 is the MS values of the first six eigenmodes of the modified super-surface. Comparing fig. 8 and fig. 11, we find that after the super-surface is corrected, the MS value of the characteristic mode is more steeply distributed with the frequency, but there is not much influence on the frequency point position where MS is 1, which indicates that after the super-surface is corrected, each mode can still effectively resonate, and the resonant frequency does not change much.
Further, we observed the surface current distribution of six characteristic modes at the resonant frequency, as shown in fig. 12. Comparing mode 4 and mode 5 in fig. 9 and 12, we find that the current distribution of mode 4 does not change much, while the current distribution of mode 5 shows a large change. Before the super-surface is not corrected, the mode 5 has larger current distribution on the metal patches at the four corners of the outermost layer; after the super-surface modification, the current on the metal patches at the four corners of the outermost layer of the mode 5 is almost disappeared, which is the desired result. For mode 6, a phenomenon similar to mode 5 also occurs. Therefore, by performing the above correction on the super-surface, the excitation in the modes 5 and 6 can be effectively suppressed, and the radiation pattern of the antenna can be stabilized.
In this embodiment, after the super-surface is modified, the structural parameters of the super-surface should be correspondingly fine-tuned to obtain the best radiation performance. Through optimization, the optimal structural parameters of the antenna are obtained as follows: w is 48mm, p is 8.8mm, g is 0.8mm, S is 0.5mm, R is 9.6mm, gw is 8mm, gl is 1mm, h1 is 1.65mm, h2 is 0.7mm, R1 is 19.7mm fig. 13 is the variation curve of S11 parameter and axial ratio with frequency obtained by simulation, it can be seen that in the frequency range of 5.2-7GHz, S11 is less than-10 dB; and in the frequency range of 5.35-6.85GHz, the axial ratio is less than 3 dB. Compared with the result before the super-surface is not corrected, the impedance bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna are slightly expanded. Fig. 14 is a gain curve for the antenna, and it can be seen that the in-band gain of the antenna is 6.2-8 dBic. Fig. 15 shows a corrected pattern of the antenna. It can be seen that the E-plane and H-plane patterns of the antenna are relatively stable throughout the frequency band. Comparing fig. 6 and fig. 15, it can be seen that after the super-surface is corrected, the problem of antenna pattern distortion is completely eliminated, and the radiation performance of the antenna is greatly improved.
Comparison of the measured S11 parameter and axial ratio parameter of fig. 16 and 17 with the simulation results. It can be seen that the simulation result of the S parameter has a certain difference from the actual measurement result, but the distribution of the in-band resonance points and the bandwidth range are relatively consistent and are all within the frequency range of 5.2-7GHz, and the main reason for generating the difference may be caused by errors in the processing and testing processes; comparing the axial ratio curves shows that the simulation result is consistent with the test result. FIG. 18 shows the gain of the antenna, and it can be seen that the simulated and tested gain curves have a trend that is consistent over the axial ratio bandwidth, and the in-band gain is from 6-8.1 dBic. Fig. 19 is a normalized pattern of antenna simulation compared to actual measurements where we present normalized patterns of the xoz and yoz planes at three points, 5.4GHz, 6.2GHz, and 6.8 GHz. Wherein (a) is 5.4GHz, (b) is 6.2GHz, and (c) is 6.8 GHz. This embodiment only tests the pattern of forward radiation. From the whole view, the simulation is matched with the actually measured directional diagram.
The embodiment provides a low-profile broadband circularly polarized super-surface antenna, and an in-band antenna directional pattern is stable. The super-surface is subjected to characteristic mode analysis by utilizing a characteristic mode theory, a required mode is selected, the super-surface is corrected according to an analyzed mode current result, and distortion of an antenna directional diagram is eliminated by restraining unwanted mode current. The characteristic modes required by the sequential rotating feed structure are effectively excited, and finally high-performance circularly polarized radiation is realized. The experiment and truth result proves the performance of the antenna, and the antenna has good application prospect in a wireless communication system.
Although the illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it is to be understood that all the inventions utilizing the inventive concept can be protected by those skilled in the art as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A broadband circularly polarized super-surface antenna is characterized in that: the broadband circularly polarized super-surface antenna comprises: the two layers of dielectric plates have the same specification; the three metal layers are respectively a super-surface patch on the top layer, a slotted floor in the middle layer and a feed structure on the bottommost layer; the super surface is a 4 x 4 metal square patch, and is provided with a circular groove for forming a circular current to generate circularly polarized radiation; the slotted floor of the middle layer is provided with four rectangular grooves with the same size for signal coupling.
2. The wideband circularly polarized super surface antenna of claim 1, wherein: the feed structure at the lowest layer is a sequential spiral feed structure.
3. The wideband circularly polarized super surface antenna of claim 2, wherein: the dielectric plate is an F4B plate, the dielectric constant of the F4B plate is 4.4, and the tangent loss is 0.001.
4. The wideband circularly polarized super surface antenna of claim 3, wherein: the side length of the dielectric plate is W, the height of the upper dielectric plate is h1, the height of the lower dielectric plate is h2, the side length of the metal square patch is p, and the patch spacing is g; the inner diameter of the circular groove is R, and the groove distance is s; the length of the rectangular groove is gw, and the width of the rectangular groove is gl; w48 mm, p 8.8mm, g 0.8mm, s 0.5mm, R9.6 mm, gw 8mm, gl 1mm, h1 1.65mm, h2 0.7 mm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113690600A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-23 | 电子科技大学 | Dual-polarized omnidirectional super-surface antenna |
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