High-energy-density lithium ion power battery
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a high-energy-density lithium ion power battery.
Background
Lithium ion batteries have been widely used as energy storage and power batteries due to a series of advantages such as small self-discharge, high energy density, good cycle performance, high voltage plateau, and the like. In the field of electric automobiles, according to the technical route chart 2.0 of energy-saving and new energy automobiles, the annual sales volume of energy-saving automobiles and new energy automobiles in China account for half in 2035 years, and the automobile industry realizes electric transformation. The requirement on the endurance mileage of the electric automobile is higher and higher, and the requirement on the energy density of the battery is higher and higher accordingly.
From the viewpoint of the positive electrode material, the high-nickel ternary positive electrode material is an important development direction in the future of the lithium battery industry, but due to the mixed arrangement of metal ions, the cycle decay of the high-nickel ternary positive electrode material is fast, and the problems of poor high-temperature and rate capability and the like are also in need of improvement. For a negative electrode material, a silicon-carbon negative electrode is an extremely important ring, the theoretical gram capacity of silicon as the negative electrode material is more than ten times that of a graphite negative electrode, but the application of the silicon as the negative electrode material is limited by the deformation of the silicon during lithium ion intercalation and deintercalation, and the ideal effect can be achieved by selecting a reasonable addition amount and matching with process adjustment. In order to realize the high energy density of the battery and ensure the cycling stability of the battery, a proper battery material system needs to be selected to find out the optimal process condition and realize the balance of the high energy density and the cycling stability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-energy-density lithium ion power battery.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a high-energy-density lithium ion power battery is characterized in that a positive active substance on a positive plate is concentration gradient type nickel-cobalt-aluminum and/or nickel-cobalt-manganese, and the chemical formula of the nickel-cobalt-aluminum is LiNixCoyAl1-x-yO2Wherein x is not less than 0.8, and the chemical formula of nickel, cobalt and manganese is LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2Wherein x is ≧ 0.8;
the negative active substance on the negative plate is a porous silicon-carbon composite material coated by a conductive carbon source, wherein the weight ratio of silicon is 3-20%.
Preferably, the positive plate further comprises a positive current collector, a positive binder and a positive conductive agent, wherein the positive active material comprises, by weight, 95-98% of a positive active material, 1-3% of the positive binder and 1-2% of the positive conductive agent.
Preferably, the surface density of the positive plate is 400-600g/m2The compaction density of the positive plate is 3.6-3.8g/cm3。
Preferably, the positive electrode conductive agent is selected from one or more of conductive carbon black, conductive graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene and VGCF;
the positive electrode binder is polyvinylidene fluoride.
Preferably, the negative plate further comprises a negative current collector, a negative binder and a negative conductive agent, wherein the negative active material accounts for 94-97 wt%, the negative binder accounts for 2-4 wt% and the negative conductive agent accounts for 1-2 wt%.
Preferably, the area density of the negative electrode sheet is 190-300g/m2The compacted density of the negative pole piece is 1.3-1.7g/cm3。
Preferably, the negative electrode conductive agent is conductive carbon black;
the negative binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and styrene butadiene rubber.
Preferably, the battery also comprises a diaphragm, electrolyte, a tab and an aluminum plastic film, wherein the amount of the electrolyte is 2-3 g/Ah.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the gradient high-nickel ternary material is selected as the anode material, so that the stability of the anode material structure is improved; the porous silicon-carbon composite material coated by the conductive carbon source is selected as the negative electrode material, the silicon content is reasonably controlled, the constraint of the coating layer and the space of the inner core porous structure effectively buffer the volume change of the silicon negative electrode material in the lithium intercalation and deintercalation process, and the problems of poor cycle performance and the like caused by volume expansion are avoided; in the system design, the discharge capacity of the battery can be increased, the internal resistance can be reduced, the polarization loss can be reduced, the cycle life of the battery can be prolonged, and particularly, the negative electrode compaction density is controlled to avoid the damage of a coating layer and a porous structure as a limit; through a series of optimization, the balance of high energy density and cycle stability is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph of 1000 cycles of 1C charging and 1C discharging at 25 ℃ for a battery in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A high energy density lithium ion battery comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm, electrolyte, a tab and an aluminum plastic film, wherein the amount of the electrolyte is 1.5-3.5 g/Ah. The positive plate comprises a positive current collector, a positive active substance, a positive binder and a positive conductive agent, and the negative plate comprises a current collector, a negative active substance, a negative binder and a negative conductive agent.
The positive active material is selected from nickel cobalt aluminum or nickel cobalt manganese or mixture thereof, and the chemical formula of the nickel cobalt aluminum is LiNixCoyAl1-x-yO2Wherein x is not less than 0.8, and the chemical formula of nickel, cobalt and manganese is LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2Wherein x ≧ 0.8. The anode material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 95-98% of positive active material, 1-3% of binder and 1-2% of conductive agent. The conductive agent is selected from one or more of conductive carbon black, conductive graphite, carbon nano tubes, graphene and VGCF. The binder is polyvinylidene fluoride. The surface density of the positive electrode plate is 400-600g/m2Within the range. The compacted density of the positive plate is 3.6-3.8g/cm3Within the range.
The negative electrode sheet includes a current collector, a negative electrode active material, a binder, and a conductive agent. Negative electrode active materialThe material is a porous silicon-carbon composite material coated by a conductive carbon source, wherein the weight ratio of silicon is 3-20%. The negative electrode material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 94-97% of negative electrode active material, 2-4% of binder and 1-2% of conductive agent. The conductive agent is conductive carbon black. The binder is sodium carboxymethylcellulose and styrene butadiene rubber. The surface density of the negative electrode plate is 190-300g/m2Within the range. The compacted density of the negative pole piece is between 1.3 and 1.7g/cm3Within the range.
The following embodiments illustrate the present invention, wherein the experimental methods without specific description of the operation steps are performed according to the corresponding commercial specifications, and the instruments, reagents and consumables used in the embodiments can be purchased from commercial companies without specific description.
Example (b):
a high energy density lithium ion battery.
Preparing a positive plate: with Li (Ni)0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2As a positive electrode active material. Mixing Li (Ni)0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2Polyvinylidene fluoride, conductive carbon black, graphene, according to 96: 2: 1.5: 0.5, preparing positive electrode slurry, coating the positive electrode slurry on a positive electrode current collector, and obtaining the surface density of 500g/m2Prepared by roll pressing to a compacted density of 3.7g/cm3The positive electrode sheet of (1).
Preparing a negative plate: the porous silicon material coated by adopting the conductive carbon source comprises 15 percent of silicon. Mixing a negative electrode active substance, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, styrene butadiene rubber and conductive carbon black according to a proportion of 94: 2: 2: 2 proportion, coating the negative electrode slurry on a negative electrode current collector, wherein the surface density is 220g/m2Prepared by roll pressing to a compacted density of 1.7g/cm3The negative electrode sheet of (1).
Electrolyte solution: the electrolyte adopts 1.5mol/L lithium hexafluorophosphate organic solution, and the solvent is dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, potassium carbonate ethyl ester and propylene carbonate which are mixed according to a certain proportion. The injection amount was 2 g/Ah.
And after die cutting, forming a battery core by the positive and negative pole pieces and a diaphragm in a lamination mode, welding positive and negative pole lugs, packaging the battery core in an aluminum-plastic film shell, injecting liquid, shelving, forming, secondarily packaging, grading and the like to obtain the soft package power battery. 5 batteries were charged at 1C and discharged at 1C and the discharge capacity and energy were measured at 25 ℃ and their weight was measured to calculate the energy density. 2 cells were tested for 1C charge-discharge cycling at ambient temperature 25 ℃.
TABLE 1
The test data are shown in table 1, and it can be seen that the energy density of the prepared battery is greatly improved compared with that of a general ternary material power battery, and the gravimetric specific energy reaches over 310 Wh/kg. As shown in figure 1, the battery has good cycling stability, and the capacity retention rate is more than 90% after 1000 cycles.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.