CN112907159A - Inventory item allocation method and device - Google Patents

Inventory item allocation method and device Download PDF

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CN112907159A
CN112907159A CN201911135054.8A CN201911135054A CN112907159A CN 112907159 A CN112907159 A CN 112907159A CN 201911135054 A CN201911135054 A CN 201911135054A CN 112907159 A CN112907159 A CN 112907159A
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CN112907159B (en
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徐文杰
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Beijing Jingdong Qianshi Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for allocating inventory items, and relates to the technical field of warehouse logistics. One embodiment of the method comprises: acquiring the type and the quantity of inventory items in a central bin and a corresponding front bin; determining the type and the quantity of the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the historical demand information; determining the supply relationship between the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the types and the quantity of the inventory articles and the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin; and constructing a forward allocation model according to the supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin and allocation constraint conditions, and conveying the required articles to the front bin corresponding to the central bin according to the forward allocation model so as to realize allocation of the inventory articles. This embodiment has solved the too scattered technical problem of transfer article among the prior art, has avoided the in-process of transferring to appear article and has lost, has improved transfer efficiency, has reduced the transfer cost.

Description

Inventory item allocation method and device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of warehouse logistics, in particular to a method and a device for allocating inventory items.
Background
With the advent of the B2C (Business to Customer) e-commerce platform, the two-stage warehouse network supply chain (i.e., supplier → center store → front store → consumer) has also evolved rapidly due to the greatly shortened flow time of the articles from the manufacturing end to the consumer end.
The two-stage warehousing network supply chain mainly comprises: each warehouse serves the customer requirements in the district performing according to the physical space position. The central bin is responsible for performing replenishment to each corresponding preposed bin besides serving to fulfill the customer requirements in the jurisdiction of the central bin, so that each preposed bin is ensured to have enough inventory to fulfill the customer requirements in the jurisdiction of the central bin.
And articles are allocated between the central bin and the corresponding front bins, wherein the forward allocation refers to conveying the articles from the central bin to the corresponding front bins as required, and the reverse allocation refers to returning the accumulated articles in the front bins to the corresponding central bin.
In the process of implementing the invention, the inventor finds that at least the following problems exist in the prior art:
1. the forward allocation method in the prior art mainly adopts the idea of supplementing goods first and then allocating, and allocated articles are too scattered, so that allocation cost is increased;
2. in the prior art, only vehicles are regularly arranged to convey backlogged articles from each front bin to the corresponding central bin, a reasonable reverse allocation scheme is not considered, the backlogged article allocation efficiency is low, and the inventory cost of the front bins is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for allocating inventory items, which can avoid the situation that allocated items are too scattered in the prior art, avoid the loss of items in the allocating process, improve allocating efficiency, and reduce allocating cost by constructing a forward allocating model based on a minimum allocating amount constraint.
To achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method for allocating an inventory item, including:
acquiring the type and the quantity of inventory items in a central bin and a corresponding front bin;
determining the type and the quantity of the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the historical demand information;
determining the supply relationship between the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the types and the quantity of the inventory articles and the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin;
and constructing a forward allocation model according to the supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin and allocation constraint conditions, and conveying the required articles to the front bin corresponding to the central bin according to the forward allocation model so as to realize the allocation of the inventory articles, wherein the constraint conditions comprise the minimum allocation amount constraint of the similar required articles.
Further, the historical demand information includes: order lead time, order cycle, historical demand mean and safety stock level.
Further, the step of determining the supply relationship between the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the types and the quantities of the inventory items and the demand items in the central bin and the corresponding front bin comprises the following steps: the adjustable dialing amount of the inventory items in the central bin is determined according to the types and the quantity of the inventory items and the required items in the central bin, and the supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin is determined according to the adjustable dialing amount of the inventory items in the central bin and the types and the quantity of the inventory items and the required items in the front bin corresponding to the central bin.
Further, the constraints may further include one or more of the following: delivery vehicle constraints, delivery cost constraints.
Further, the method for allocating the inventory item further comprises the following steps: the physical space layout of a central bin and a corresponding front bin is obtained, the central bin is at least one level, and each central bin corresponds to at least one front bin.
Further, the method for allocating the inventory item further comprises the following steps:
determining the types and the quantity of backlogged articles according to the types and the quantity of inventory articles and required articles in the front bin, and sequencing according to the quantity of the backlogged articles;
determining the type and the quantity of the articles to be returned according to the type and the quantity of the accumulated articles, the inventory quantity corresponding to the accumulated articles in the front bin, the demand quantity of the front bin for the accumulated articles and the article retention coefficient;
constructing a reverse allocation model according to the types and the quantity of the articles to be returned and the return constraint conditions, and conveying the articles to be returned to a central bin corresponding to the front bin according to the reverse allocation model so as to realize allocation of inventory articles;
wherein the return constraint conditions comprise priority constraint of items to be returned, constraint of delivery vehicles and constraint of delivery cost.
According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an allocation device for inventory items, including:
the device comprises a central bin, a front bin and a storage module, wherein the central bin is used for storing the type and the quantity of the inventory items;
the type and quantity determining module of the required articles is used for determining the type and quantity of the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the historical requirement information;
the supply relation determining module is used for determining the supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the types and the quantity of the inventory articles and the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin;
the forward allocation module is used for constructing a forward allocation model according to the supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin and the allocation constraint condition, and transporting the required articles to the front bin corresponding to the central bin according to the forward allocation model so as to realize allocation of inventory articles; wherein the constraint condition comprises the minimum allocation amount of the similar required articles.
Further, the device for allocating the inventory item further comprises:
the device comprises a front bin, a category and quantity determining module of backlogged articles, a sorting module of backlogged articles and a quantity determining module of backlogged articles, wherein the category and quantity determining module is used for determining the category and quantity of the backlogged articles according to the category and quantity of inventory articles and required articles in the front bin and sorting according to the quantity of the backlogged articles;
the device comprises a type and quantity determining module for the goods to be returned, a storage quantity corresponding to the goods in the front bin, the quantity of the goods required by the front bin and a goods retention coefficient, wherein the type and quantity determining module is used for determining the type and quantity of the goods to be returned according to the type and quantity of the goods, the storage quantity corresponding to the goods in the front bin, the quantity of the goods required by the front bin and the goods retention coefficient;
the reverse allocation module is used for constructing a reverse allocation model according to the types and the quantity of the articles to be returned and the return constraint conditions, and conveying the articles to be returned to a central bin corresponding to the front bin according to the reverse allocation model so as to realize allocation of inventory articles; wherein the return constraint conditions comprise priority constraint of items to be returned, constraint of delivery vehicles and constraint of delivery cost.
According to a third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a terminal, including:
one or more processors;
a storage device for storing one or more programs,
when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement any of the methods for allocating inventory items as described above.
According to a fourth aspect of embodiments of the present invention there is provided a computer readable medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements any one of the methods of inventory item allocation described above.
One embodiment of the above invention has the following advantages or benefits: the method comprises the steps of acquiring the types and the quantity of inventory items in a central bin and a corresponding front bin; determining the type and the quantity of the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the historical demand information; determining the supply relationship between the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the types and the quantity of the inventory articles and the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin; the method comprises the steps of constructing a forward allocation model according to the supply relation between a central bin and a corresponding front bin and allocation constraint conditions, and conveying required articles to the front bin corresponding to the central bin according to the forward allocation model to realize allocation of inventory articles, wherein the constraint conditions comprise the technical means of minimum allocation quantity constraint of the same kind of required articles, so that the technical problem that the allocated articles are too scattered in the existing allocation method is solved, the forward allocation model based on the minimum allocation quantity constraint is constructed, the situation that the allocated articles are too scattered in the prior art is avoided, article loss in the allocation process is avoided, and the technical effects of improving allocation efficiency and reducing allocation cost are achieved.
Further effects of the above-mentioned non-conventional alternatives will be described below in connection with the embodiments.
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The drawings are included to provide a better understanding of the invention and are not to be construed as unduly limiting the invention. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a main flow of a method for allocating an inventory item according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a main flow of a method for allocating an inventory item according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the major modules of an inventory item allocation device provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exemplary system architecture diagram in which embodiments of the present invention may be employed;
fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a computer system suitable for use in implementing a terminal device or server of an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which various details of embodiments of the invention are included to assist understanding, and which are to be considered as merely exemplary. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Also, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted in the following description for clarity and conciseness.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a main flow of a method for allocating an inventory item according to a first embodiment of the present invention; as shown in fig. 1, the method for allocating inventory items according to the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes:
step S101, acquiring the type and quantity of inventory items in the central bin and the corresponding front bin.
And S102, determining the type and the quantity of the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the historical demand information.
The type and quantity of the required articles in the bin refer to the type and quantity of the corresponding articles in the bin.
Specifically, the historical demand information includes: order lead time, order cycle, historical demand mean and safety stock level.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the demand distribution function of the items in each warehouse is constructed according to the historical demand information, namely, the demand of the item j in the warehouse i is assumed to be distributed positively
Figure BDA0002279368160000061
Wherein the mean value muijAnd standard deviation deltaijThe method is obtained according to the statistics of the demand of the article j in the area of the warehouse i in the past three months, and it needs to be explained that the three months are only an example, and the demand in the past period of time can be selected for calculation according to the actual situation during actual processing; and then calculating to obtain the type and the quantity of the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the safety stock level, the order advance period, the order period and the obtained historical demand mean value.
The ordering period is as follows: refers to the period of time from the order being placed until the physical object is received.
The order advance period: this is the time from confirmation of the order to receipt of the real object.
Safety Stock (SS) level is also called Safety storage, also called insurance Stock, and refers to the amount of insurance Stock (buffer Stock) predicted to prevent uncertainty factors (such as large sudden orders, sudden delay of delivery date, temporary increase of usage amount, delivery error date, etc.), and the insurance Stock is used to meet the lead time requirement. According to the embodiment of the invention, the safety stock level is determined according to the customer service level, the historical demand standard deviation and the order lead time of the warehouse.
Step S103, determining the supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the types and the quantity of the inventory items and the required items in the central bin and the corresponding front bin.
The supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin is determined through the setting, the supply capacity of the central bin to the corresponding front bin can be obtained, or the quantity of the demand can be provided, so that a forward transfer model can be established subsequently, and the specific transfer quantity can be determined.
Further, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining the supply relationship between the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the types and the quantities of the inventory items and the demand items in the central bin and the corresponding front bin includes: the adjustable dialing amount of the inventory items in the central bin is determined according to the types and the quantity of the inventory items and the required items in the central bin, and the supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin is determined according to the adjustable dialing amount of the inventory items in the central bin and the types and the quantity of the inventory items and the required items in the front bin corresponding to the central bin.
Specifically, according to the embodiment of the present invention, for each required item in the front warehouse, the central warehouse deducts the required quantity of the item in the district supplied by the central warehouse based on the current inventory level (i.e. the inventory quantity of the item corresponding to the central warehouse), and if the current inventory level is not enough to fulfill the requirement in the district, the allocation quantity of the central warehouse to the item in the front warehouse corresponding to the central warehouse may be 0. In particular by means of a max function.
And step S104, constructing a forward allocation model according to the supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin and allocation constraint conditions, and conveying the required articles to the front bin corresponding to the central bin according to the forward allocation model to realize the allocation of the inventory articles, wherein the constraint conditions comprise the minimum allocation amount constraint of the similar required articles.
Specifically, the forward allocation model is solved to obtain a forward allocation scheme, and the required articles are conveyed to the front bin corresponding to the central bin according to the forward allocation scheme, so that the forward allocation of the inventory articles is realized. Through setting up minimum transfer volume restraint, can guarantee the central storehouse to the quantity lower limit of the article of transferring to the leading storehouse rather than corresponding, avoided transferring article too scattered, lead to easily omitting or disappearance, effectively reduced the transfer cost.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the constraint condition further includes one or more of the following: delivery vehicle constraints, delivery cost constraints. Through the arrangement, the allocation cost of inventory items is further reduced, and the utilization rate of the transport vehicle is fully improved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the method for allocating the inventory item further comprises the following steps: the physical space layout of a central bin and a corresponding front bin is obtained, the central bin is at least one level, and each central bin corresponds to at least one front bin.
For the multi-stage central bins, each upper central bin corresponds to at least one lower central bin, and the allocation method of inventory articles between the upper central bins and the lower central bins is consistent with the allocation method of articles between the central bins and the corresponding front bins; the central bin of the last stage corresponds to at least one front bin.
Further, the method for allocating inventory items provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes: the following steps:
determining the types and the quantity of backlogged articles according to the types and the quantity of inventory articles and required articles in the front bin, and sequencing according to the quantity of the backlogged articles;
determining the type and the quantity of the articles to be returned according to the type and the quantity of the accumulated articles, the inventory quantity corresponding to the accumulated articles in the front bin, the demand quantity of the front bin for the accumulated articles and the article retention coefficient;
constructing a reverse allocation model according to the types and the quantity of the articles to be returned and the return constraint conditions, and conveying the articles to be returned to a central bin corresponding to the front bin according to the reverse allocation model so as to realize allocation of inventory articles;
wherein the return constraint conditions comprise priority constraint of items to be returned, constraint of delivery vehicles and constraint of delivery cost.
Specifically, the backlog items may be sorted in a non-ascending sorting manner. The priority of reverse allocation is determined by non-ascending sequencing of the accumulated articles in the front bin, so that the articles with more accumulated pressure in the front bin can be allocated back to the central bin in time, and further distribution is facilitated.
It should be noted that according to a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, forward allocation and reverse allocation can be performed by the same batch of transport vehicles, that is, for the same front-end warehouse, the vehicles performing forward allocation and reverse allocation can be the same vehicle or the same batch of vehicles, so that the utilization rate of transport resources is effectively improved.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the central bin and the type and the number of the inventory items in the corresponding front bin are obtained; determining the type and the quantity of the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the historical demand information; determining the supply relationship between the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the types and the quantity of the inventory articles and the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin; the method comprises the steps of constructing a forward allocation model according to the supply relation between a central bin and a corresponding front bin and allocation constraint conditions, and conveying required articles to the front bin corresponding to the central bin according to the forward allocation model to realize allocation of inventory articles, wherein the constraint conditions comprise the technical means of minimum allocation quantity constraint of the same kind of required articles, so that the technical problem that the allocated articles are too scattered in the existing allocation method is solved, the forward allocation model based on the minimum allocation quantity constraint is constructed, the situation that the allocated articles are too scattered in the prior art is avoided, article loss in the allocation process is avoided, and the technical effects of improving allocation efficiency and reducing allocation cost are achieved.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a main flow of a method for allocating an inventory item according to a second embodiment of the present invention; as shown in fig. 2, the method for allocating inventory items according to the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes:
step S201, obtaining the type and quantity of the inventory items in the central bin and the corresponding front bin.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, after acquiring the type and quantity of the inventory item, the method for allocating the inventory item further includes: and constructing a warehouse set I and an item set J.
Specifically, a two-stage warehouse network topology and a corresponding relation between warehouses and articles are described in a set expression mode, namely, a warehouse set I is constructed according to the physical space layout of the warehouses, and an article set J is constructed according to the articles stored in each warehouse.
Step S202, determining the type and quantity of the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the historical demand information.
Specifically, the historical demand information includes: order lead time, order cycle, historical demand mean and safety stock level.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the demand distribution function of the articles in each warehouse is constructed according to the historical demand information, namely, the demand of the article j in the district of the warehouse i is assumed to be distributed positively
Figure BDA0002279368160000101
Wherein the mean value muijAnd standard deviation deltaijThe method is obtained according to the statistics of the demand of the article j in the area of the warehouse i in the past three months, and it needs to be explained that the three months are only an example, and the demand in the past period of time can be selected for calculation according to the actual situation during actual processing; and then calculating to obtain the type and the quantity of the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the safety stock level, the order advance period, the order period and the obtained historical demand mean value.
The expression for the determined quantity of the required item is:
Figure BDA0002279368160000102
wherein d isijRepresenting the required quantity of the goods j in the district of the warehouse i; vlt (driver Lead time) indicates the Lead time of the order; t indicates an order period; mu.sijThe historical demand mean value of an article j in the district of the warehouse i is referred to;
Figure BDA0002279368160000103
indicating the safe inventory level of item j in warehouse i, where C indicates the customer service level of the warehouse, δijRepresenting the historical demand standard deviation for item j within the jurisdiction of warehouse i. J. the design is a squareiRepresenting a collection of items in warehouse i.
Step S203, determining the supply relationship between the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the types and the quantity of the inventory items and the required items in the central bin and the corresponding front bin.
The supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin is determined through the setting, the supply capacity of the central bin to the corresponding front bin can be obtained, or the quantity of the demand can be provided, so that a forward transfer model can be established subsequently, and the specific transfer quantity can be determined.
The demand items needing to be allocated in the front-end bin are collected as follows:
Figure BDA0002279368160000104
wherein invijThe quantity of the inventory of the goods j in the warehouse i is represented, and when the demand is larger than the current inventory quantity, forward allocation is required from the central warehouse. I ∈ I \ 0}, meaning that the formula considers only the leading bin.
Further, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining the supply relationship between the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the types and the quantities of the inventory items and the demand items in the central bin and the corresponding front bin includes: the adjustable dialing amount of the inventory items in the central bin is determined according to the types and the quantity of the inventory items and the required items in the central bin, and the supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin is determined according to the adjustable dialing amount of the inventory items in the central bin and the types and the quantity of the inventory items and the required items in the front bin corresponding to the central bin.
Specifically, according to the embodiment of the present invention, for each required item in the front warehouse, the central warehouse deducts the required quantity of the item in the district supplied by the central warehouse based on the current inventory level (i.e. the inventory quantity of the item corresponding to the central warehouse), and if the current inventory level is not enough to fulfill the requirement in the district, the allocation quantity of the central warehouse to the item in the front warehouse corresponding to the central warehouse may be 0. Specifically, the determination can be made by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002279368160000111
wherein, tranijRepresenting the adjustable dialing amount of the item j in the warehouse i; invijRepresenting the inventory quantity of item j in warehouse i. i is 0, which means that the formula only considers the adjustable dial amount of the center bin.
And S204, constructing a forward allocation model according to the supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin and allocation constraint conditions, solving the forward allocation model to obtain a forward allocation scheme, and conveying the required articles to the front bin corresponding to the central bin according to the forward allocation scheme, wherein the constraint conditions comprise minimum allocation quantity constraint of the similar required articles.
Through setting up minimum transfer volume restraint, can guarantee the central storehouse to the quantity lower limit of the article of transferring to the leading storehouse rather than corresponding, avoided transferring article too scattered, lead to easily omitting or disappearance, effectively reduced the transfer cost.
Specifically, according to the embodiment of the present invention, a decision variable corresponding to the model is first set, where 0/1 decision variable x (i, j) is set, and when the central bin forwards transfers an article j to the front bin i, x (i, j) takes a value of 1; otherwise, when the article j is not allocated to the front-positioned bin i, the value is 0; setting a non-negative integer decision variable y (i, j) to represent the transfer quantity from the central bin to the front bin i in the positive direction; setting a non-negative integer decision variable δ1(i, j) indicating the number of the articles j in the district of the front bin i in shortage; setting a non-negative integer decision variable δ2(i) Indicating the unloaded volume loss of the delivery vehicle allocated from the central bin to the front bin i; setting a non-negative continuous decision variable δ3(i) Indicating the unloaded weight loss of the delivery vehicle that the center bin was allocated to the front bin i.
According to the supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin, a supply and demand balance constraint in each front bin area is constructed, namely, the requirement of any article in any front bin area is limited to be performed by the local stock of the front bin, or the stock article which is positively transferred to the front bin by the central bin is performed, otherwise, the shortage is caused, and the following formula is constructed according to the supply relation constraint:
Figure BDA0002279368160000121
according to an embodiment of the present invention, the constraint condition further includes one or more of the following: delivery vehicle constraints, delivery cost constraints. Through the arrangement, the allocation cost of inventory items is further reduced, and the utilization rate of the transport vehicle is fully improved. I ∈ I \ 0} indicates that only the leading bin is considered.
The transport vehicle constraints include transport vehicle volume constraints and transport vehicle weight constraints.
Constructing the following based on the delivery vehicle volume constraint:
Figure BDA0002279368160000122
wherein v isjDenotes the volume, V, of the item jmaxRepresenting the maximum volumetric load of the delivery vehicle. The total volume of the articles positively transferred and transferred from the central bin to the front bin is limited by the volume constraint of the delivery vehicle, and the maximum volume load of the delivery vehicle cannot be exceeded.
Constructing the following based on the delivery vehicle weight constraints:
Figure BDA0002279368160000123
wherein, wjDenotes the volume, W, of item jmaxRepresenting the maximum weight load of the delivery vehicle. The total weight of the articles positively transferred from the central bin to the front bin is limited by the weight constraint of the delivery vehicle so as not to exceed the maximum weight load of the delivery vehicle.
Constructing the following formula based on the minimum dial amount constraint:
Figure BDA0002279368160000124
wherein, L represents the lower limit threshold of the number of the same type of articles which are positively adjusted to each front bin in the central bin, and can be adjusted according to the actual situation, and according to a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the invention, the recommended value range is L e [5, 10 ].
And establishing a target function formula (8) of the forward transfer model based on the formula established by the constraint conditions, wherein the forward transfer model indicates the lowest transfer cost:
Figure BDA0002279368160000131
wherein λ is1∈[0,1]Represents the target coefficient of the cost of the stock shortage loss, and is lambda 2 epsilon to [0,1 ∈]Denotes a target coefficient of transfer capacity loss cost and satisfies lambda1+λ2＝1。
According to the embodiment of the invention, the method for allocating the inventory item further comprises the following steps: the physical space layout of a central bin and a corresponding front bin is obtained, the central bin is at least one level, and each central bin corresponds to at least one front bin.
For the multi-stage central bins, each upper central bin corresponds to at least one lower central bin, and the allocation method of inventory articles between the upper central bins and the lower central bins is consistent with the allocation method of articles between the central bins and the corresponding front bins; the central bin of the last stage corresponds to at least one front bin.
Step S205, determining the type and the quantity of the backlog according to the type and the quantity of the stock articles and the required articles in the front bin, and performing non-ascending sequencing according to the quantity of the backlog.
The priority of reverse allocation is determined by non-ascending sequencing of the accumulated articles in the front bin, so that the articles with more accumulated pressure in the front bin can be allocated back to the central bin in time, and further distribution is facilitated.
The collection of backlogs is:
Figure BDA0002279368160000132
wherein, alpha belongs to [0.05,0.1] represents the reverse allocation discrimination coefficient of the backlog article, that is, if the demand of some kind of article in a certain front bin is lower than alpha times of the current stock quantity, the backlog article needs to be allocated to the central bin corresponding to the front bin in a reverse allocation manner. Wherein, the accumulated articles in the front bin i are sorted in a non-ascending order according to the quantity of the articles returned as required.
Step S206, determining the type and quantity of the articles to be returned according to the type and quantity of the backlogs, the inventory quantity corresponding to the backlogs in the front bin, the demand quantity of the front bin for the backlogs and the article retention coefficient.
Front-end bin i _ back inner need reverse direction adjusting goods (i.e. backlog goods)
Figure BDA0002279368160000141
The number of the reverse calls is max {0, invi_back，j_back-β·di_back，j_backI _ back represents the current front bin index and records the sequence of front bins with more backlogs; beta is epsilon [2,5 ]]The goods retention coefficient of the overstocked goods is represented, namely beta times of the demand of the overstocked goods j to be retained in the front bin, and the rest part is reversely allocated to the central bin. It should be noted that the value of the retention coefficient is not particularly limited, and may be set according to actual situations.
And step S207, constructing a reverse allocation model according to the types and the quantity of the articles to be returned and the return constraint conditions, and conveying the articles to be returned to a central bin corresponding to the front bin according to the reverse allocation model so as to realize reverse allocation of the inventory articles.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the articles to be returned in each front bin are sorted in a non-ascending order according to the return constraint condition (namely, the accumulated articles are sorted in a non-ascending order, and the accumulated articles with large number are preferentially and reversely allocated to the central bin).
First, the return-required item index j _ back is initialized to 1, and the state recorder of the transport vehicle is defined<Vload,Wload>Wherein V isloadIndicating the volume of the loaded article, with an initial value of 0, WloadThe initialization is also 0 for the number of items loaded.
Next, it is determined whether the current delivery vehicle is capable of loading, i.e., is not capable of loading (i.e., V)max-Vload＜νj_backOr Wmax-Wload＜wj_back) And judging the next transport vehicle, and if all the transport vehicles do not have the loading capacity, determining a reverse allocation scheme according to the current loading capacity.
If the loading capacity is available, determining the number n of the articles j _ back to be returned in the front bin i _ back to be reversely adjusted in the reverse adjusting processi_back，j_backWherein, in the step (A),
Figure BDA0002279368160000142
if n isi_back，j_backIf j _ back is equal to 0, j _ back +1 is set, and the next item to be returned is calculated; otherwise, updating the state of the delivery vehicle and the stock level of the items to be returned in the current front bin, namely:
Vload＝Vload+ni_back，j_back·vj_back (11)
Wload＝Wload+ni_back，j_back·wj_back (12)
invi_back，j_back＝invi_back，j_back-ni_back，j_back (13)
in that
Figure BDA0002279368160000151
In the case of (1), let j _ back be j _ back +1, and loop the above steps until all the items to be returned can be loaded, or the volume and/or weight of the transport vehicle is fully loaded (i.e. the transport vehicle is constrained), confirm the reverse allocation scheme, and transport the items to be returned to the central bin corresponding to the front bin according to the reverse allocation scheme determined by the reverse allocation model (referring to the formula determined by the constraint condition), so as to implement the reverse allocation of the inventory items.
Through the arrangement, a reverse allocation mode which comprehensively considers the physical attribute limit (the volume and the load capacity of the transport vehicle) of the vehicle and the return priority relation is designed, and the allocation cost of reverse allocation is greatly reduced.
It should be noted that according to a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, forward allocation and reverse allocation can be performed by the same batch of transport vehicles, that is, for the same front-end warehouse, the vehicles performing forward allocation and reverse allocation can be the same vehicle or the same batch of vehicles, so that the utilization rate of transportation capacity resources is effectively improved.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the central bin and the type and the number of the inventory items in the corresponding front bin are obtained; determining the type and the quantity of the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the historical demand information; determining the supply relationship between the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the types and the quantity of the inventory articles and the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin; the method comprises the steps of constructing a forward allocation model according to the supply relation between a central bin and a corresponding front bin and allocation constraint conditions, and conveying required articles to the front bin corresponding to the central bin according to the forward allocation model to realize allocation of inventory articles, wherein the constraint conditions comprise the technical means of minimum allocation quantity constraint of the same kind of required articles, so that the technical problem that the allocated articles are excessively scattered in the existing allocation method is solved, and further the technical effects of avoiding the excessively scattered allocated articles in the prior art by constructing the forward allocation model based on the minimum allocation quantity constraint, avoiding the phenomenon that the allocated articles are excessively scattered in the allocation process, improving the allocation efficiency and reducing the allocation cost are achieved.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the major modules of an inventory item allocation device provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; as shown in fig. 3, the allocating device 300 for inventory items according to the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes:
a type and quantity obtaining module 301 for obtaining the type and quantity of the inventory items in the central bin and the corresponding front bin.
A type and quantity determining module 302 for determining the type and quantity of the required goods in the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the historical demand information.
Specifically, the historical demand information includes: order lead time, order cycle, historical demand mean and safety stock level.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the module 302 for determining the type and quantity of the required items is used for constructing a demand distribution function of the items in each warehouse according to the historical demand information, that is, by assuming that the demand for the item j in the warehouse i is subject to positive distribution
Figure BDA0002279368160000161
Wherein the mean value muijAnd standard deviation deltaijThe method is obtained according to the statistics of the demand of the article j in the area of the warehouse i in the past three months, and it needs to be explained that the three months are only an example, and the demand in the past period of time can be selected for calculation according to the actual situation during actual processing; and then calculating to obtain the type and the quantity of the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the safety stock level, the order advance period, the order period and the obtained historical demand mean value.
The ordering period is as follows: refers to the period of time from the order being placed until the physical object is received.
The order advance period: this is the time from confirmation of the order to receipt of the real object.
The safety stock level is also called safety stock, also called insurance stock, and refers to the safety stock (buffer stock) predicted to prevent uncertainty factors (such as large sudden orders, sudden delay of delivery date, temporary usage increase, delivery error date and other special reasons), and the safety stock is used for meeting the lead time requirement. According to the embodiment of the invention, the safety stock level is determined according to the customer service level, the historical demand standard deviation and the order lead time of the warehouse.
The supply relation determining module 303 is configured to determine a supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the types and the quantities of the inventory items and the required items in the central bin and the corresponding front bin.
The supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin is determined through the setting, the supply capacity of the central bin to the corresponding front bin can be obtained, or the quantity of the demand can be provided, so that a forward transfer model can be established subsequently, and the specific transfer quantity can be determined.
Further, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the supply relationship determining module 303 is further configured to: the adjustable dialing amount of the inventory items in the central bin is determined according to the types and the quantity of the inventory items and the required items in the central bin, and the supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin is determined according to the adjustable dialing amount of the inventory items in the central bin and the types and the quantity of the inventory items and the required items in the front bin corresponding to the central bin.
Specifically, according to the embodiment of the present invention, for each required item in the front warehouse, the central warehouse deducts the required quantity of the item in the district supplied by the central warehouse based on the current inventory level (i.e. the inventory quantity of the item corresponding to the central warehouse), and if the current inventory level is not enough to fulfill the requirement in the district, the allocation quantity of the central warehouse to the item in the front warehouse corresponding to the central warehouse may be 0. In particular by means of a max function.
The forward allocation module 304 is configured to construct a forward allocation model according to the supply relationship between the central bin and the corresponding front bin and the allocation constraint condition, and transport the required articles to the front bin corresponding to the central bin according to the forward allocation model, so as to realize allocation of the inventory articles; wherein the constraint condition comprises the minimum allocation amount of the similar required articles.
Through setting up minimum transfer volume restraint, can guarantee the central storehouse to the quantity lower limit of the article of transferring to the leading storehouse rather than corresponding, avoided transferring article too scattered, lead to easily omitting or disappearance, effectively reduced the transfer cost.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the constraint condition further includes one or more of the following: delivery vehicle constraints, delivery cost constraints. Through the arrangement, the allocation cost of inventory items is further reduced, and the utilization rate of the transport vehicle is fully improved.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the allocating device 300 for inventory items further includes a physical space layout obtaining module, configured to obtain a physical space layout of a central bin and corresponding front bins, where the central bin is at least one level, and each central bin corresponds to at least one front bin.
For the multi-stage central bins, each upper central bin corresponds to at least one lower central bin, and the allocation method of inventory articles between the upper central bins and the lower central bins is consistent with the allocation method of articles between the central bins and the corresponding front bins; the central bin of the last stage corresponds to at least one front bin.
Further, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus 300 for allocating an inventory item further includes:
the device comprises a front bin, a category and quantity determining module of backlogged articles, a sorting module of backlogged articles and a quantity determining module of backlogged articles, wherein the category and quantity determining module is used for determining the category and quantity of the backlogged articles according to the category and quantity of inventory articles and required articles in the front bin and sorting according to the quantity of the backlogged articles;
the device comprises a type and quantity determining module for the goods to be returned, a storage quantity corresponding to the goods in the front bin, the quantity of the goods required by the front bin and a goods retention coefficient, wherein the type and quantity determining module is used for determining the type and quantity of the goods to be returned according to the type and quantity of the goods, the storage quantity corresponding to the goods in the front bin, the quantity of the goods required by the front bin and the goods retention coefficient;
the reverse allocation module is used for constructing a reverse allocation model according to the types and the quantity of the articles to be returned and the return constraint conditions, and conveying the articles to be returned to a central bin corresponding to the front bin according to the reverse allocation model so as to realize allocation of inventory articles; wherein the return constraint conditions comprise priority constraint of items to be returned, constraint of delivery vehicles and constraint of delivery cost.
Specifically, the accumulated articles can be sorted in a non-ascending order, and the priority of reverse allocation is determined by sorting the accumulated articles in the front bin in a non-ascending order, so that the articles with more accumulated pressure in the front bin can be allocated to the central bin in time, and further distribution is facilitated.
It should be noted that according to a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, forward allocation and reverse allocation can be performed by the same batch of transport vehicles, that is, for the same front-end warehouse, the vehicles performing forward allocation and reverse allocation can be the same vehicle or the same batch of vehicles, so that the utilization rate of transportation capacity resources is effectively improved.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the central bin and the type and the number of the inventory items in the corresponding front bin are obtained; determining the type and the quantity of the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the historical demand information; determining the supply relationship between the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the types and the quantity of the inventory articles and the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin; the method comprises the steps of constructing a forward allocation model according to the supply relation between a central bin and a corresponding front bin and allocation constraint conditions, and conveying required articles to the front bin corresponding to the central bin according to the forward allocation model to realize allocation of inventory articles, wherein the constraint conditions comprise the technical means of minimum allocation quantity constraint of the same type of required articles, so that the technical problem that the allocated articles are excessively scattered in the existing allocation method is solved, and further the technical effects of improving allocation efficiency and reducing allocation cost by constructing the forward allocation model based on the minimum allocation quantity constraint are achieved.
Fig. 4 illustrates an exemplary system architecture 400 of a method or apparatus for allocating an item of inventory to which embodiments of the present invention may be applied.
As shown in fig. 4, the system architecture 400 may include terminal devices 401, 402, 403, a network 404, and a server 405 (this architecture is merely an example, and the components included in a particular architecture may be adapted according to application specific circumstances). The network 404 serves as a medium for providing communication links between the terminal devices 401, 402, 403 and the server 405. Network 404 may include various types of connections, such as wire, wireless communication links, or fiber optic cables, to name a few.
A user may use terminal devices 401, 402, 403 to interact with a server 405 over a network 404 to receive or send messages or the like. The terminal devices 401, 402, 403 may have installed thereon various communication client applications, such as shopping-like applications, web browser applications, search-like applications, instant messaging tools, mailbox clients, social platform software, etc. (by way of example only).
The terminal devices 401, 402, 403 may be various electronic devices having a display screen and supporting web browsing, including but not limited to smart phones, tablet computers, laptop portable computers, desktop computers, and the like.
The server 405 may be a server providing various services, such as a background management server (for example only) providing support for shopping websites browsed by users using the terminal devices 401, 402, 403. The background management server may analyze and perform other processing on the received data such as the type and quantity of the inventory items, the type and quantity of the required items, the supply relationship between the central bin and the corresponding front bin, and the like, and feed back the processing result (for example, a forward direction transfer model and a reverse direction transfer model — just an example) to the terminal device.
It should be noted that the method for allocating an inventory item provided by the embodiment of the present invention is generally executed by the server 405, and accordingly, an allocating device for an inventory item is generally disposed in the server 405.
It should be understood that the number of terminal devices, networks, and servers in fig. 4 is merely illustrative. There may be any number of terminal devices, networks, and servers, as desired for implementation.
Referring now to FIG. 5, shown is a block diagram of a computer system 500 suitable for use with a terminal device implementing an embodiment of the present invention. The terminal device shown in fig. 5 is only an example, and should not bring any limitation to the functions and the scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 5, the computer system 500 includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU)501 that can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a Read Only Memory (ROM)502 or a program loaded from a storage section 508 into a Random Access Memory (RAM) 503. In the RAM 503, various programs and data necessary for the operation of the system 500 are also stored. The CPU 501, ROM 502, and RAM 503 are connected to each other via a bus 504. An input/output (I/O) interface 505 is also connected to bus 504.
The following components are connected to the I/O interface 505: an input portion 506 including a keyboard, a mouse, and the like; an output portion 507 including a display such as a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), and the like, and a speaker; a storage portion 508 including a hard disk and the like; and a communication section 509 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, a modem, or the like. The communication section 509 performs communication processing via a network such as the internet. The driver 510 is also connected to the I/O interface 505 as necessary. A removable medium 511 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like is mounted on the drive 510 as necessary, so that a computer program read out therefrom is mounted into the storage section 508 as necessary.
In particular, according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts may be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure include a computer program product comprising a computer program embodied on a computer readable medium, the computer program comprising program code for performing the method illustrated in the flow chart. In such an embodiment, the computer program may be downloaded and installed from a network through the communication section 509, and/or installed from the removable medium 511. The computer program performs the above-described functions defined in the system of the present invention when executed by the Central Processing Unit (CPU) 501.
It should be noted that the computer readable medium shown in the present invention can be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium or any combination of the two. A computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the present invention, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In the present invention, however, a computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated data signal may take many forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may also be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wire, fiber optic cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The modules described in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by software or hardware. The described modules may also be provided in a processor, which may be described as: a processor comprises a type and quantity acquisition module of inventory items, a type and quantity determination module of demand items, a supply relation determination module and a forward direction allocation module. The names of the modules do not limit the modules themselves in some cases, for example, the module for acquiring the type and quantity of the inventory items can also be described as a module for acquiring the type and quantity of the inventory items in the central bin and the corresponding front bin.
As another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable medium that may be contained in the apparatus described in the above embodiments; or may be separate and not incorporated into the device. The computer readable medium carries one or more programs which, when executed by a device, cause the device to comprise: acquiring the type and the quantity of inventory items in a central bin and a corresponding front bin; determining the type and the quantity of the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the historical demand information; determining the supply relationship between the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the types and the quantity of the inventory articles and the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin; and constructing a forward allocation model according to the supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin and allocation constraint conditions, and conveying the required articles to the front bin corresponding to the central bin according to the forward allocation model so as to realize the allocation of the inventory articles, wherein the constraint conditions comprise the minimum allocation amount constraint of the similar required articles.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the central bin and the type and the number of the inventory items in the corresponding front bin are obtained; determining the type and the quantity of the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the historical demand information; determining the supply relationship between the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the types and the quantity of the inventory articles and the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin; the method comprises the steps of constructing a forward allocation model according to the supply relation between a central bin and a corresponding front bin and allocation constraint conditions, and conveying required articles to the front bin corresponding to the central bin according to the forward allocation model to realize allocation of inventory articles, wherein the constraint conditions comprise the technical means of minimum allocation quantity constraint of the same kind of required articles, so that the technical problem that the allocated articles are excessively scattered in the existing allocation method is solved, and further the technical effects of avoiding the excessively scattered allocated articles in the prior art by constructing the forward allocation model based on the minimum allocation quantity constraint, avoiding the phenomenon that the allocated articles are excessively scattered in the allocation process, improving the allocation efficiency and reducing the allocation cost are achieved.
The above-described embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can occur, depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method of allocating an inventory item, comprising:
acquiring the type and the quantity of inventory items in a central bin and a corresponding front bin;
determining the type and the quantity of the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to historical demand information;
determining the supply relationship between the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the types and the quantity of inventory articles and required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin;
and constructing a forward allocation model according to the supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin and allocation constraint conditions, and conveying the required articles to the front bin corresponding to the central bin according to the forward allocation model to realize the allocation of the inventory articles, wherein the constraint conditions comprise the minimum allocation amount constraint of the same kind of required articles.
2. The method of allocating an item of inventory as claimed in claim 1, wherein said historical demand information includes: order lead time, order cycle, historical demand mean and safety stock level.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining the supply relationship between the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the types and the quantities of the inventory items and the demand items in the central bin and the corresponding front bin comprises: the method comprises the steps of determining the adjustable dialing amount of inventory items of a central bin according to the types and the quantity of the inventory items and required items in the central bin, and determining the supply relationship between the central bin and a corresponding preposed bin according to the adjustable dialing amount of the inventory items in the central bin and the types and the quantity of the inventory items and required items in the preposed bin corresponding to the central bin.
4. The method of allocating an item of inventory as claimed in claim 1, wherein said constraints further include one or more of: delivery vehicle constraints, delivery cost constraints.
5. The method of allocating an item of inventory as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: and acquiring the physical space layout of the central bin and the corresponding front bins thereof, wherein the central bin is at least one stage, and each central bin corresponds to at least one front bin.
6. The method of allocating an item of inventory as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising:
determining the types and the quantity of backlogged articles according to the types and the quantity of inventory articles and required articles in the front bin, and sequencing according to the quantity of the backlogged articles;
determining the type and the quantity of the goods to be returned according to the type and the quantity of the overstocked goods, the inventory quantity corresponding to the overstocked goods in the front bin, the demand quantity of the front bin for the overstocked goods and a goods retention coefficient;
constructing a reverse allocation model according to the types and the quantity of the articles to be returned and the return constraint conditions, and conveying the articles to be returned to a central bin corresponding to the front bin according to the reverse allocation model so as to realize allocation of inventory articles;
wherein the return constraint condition comprises a priority constraint of the items to be returned, a constraint of the delivery vehicle and a constraint of the delivery cost.
7. An apparatus for allocating an item of inventory, comprising:
the device comprises a central bin, a front bin and a storage module, wherein the central bin is used for storing the type and the quantity of the inventory items;
the type and quantity determining module of the required articles is used for determining the type and quantity of the required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to historical requirement information;
the supply relation determining module is used for determining the supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin according to the types and the quantity of inventory articles and required articles in the central bin and the corresponding front bin;
the forward allocation module is used for constructing a forward allocation model according to the supply relation between the central bin and the corresponding front bin and allocation constraint conditions, and transporting the required articles to the front bin corresponding to the central bin according to the forward allocation model so as to realize allocation of inventory articles; and the constraint condition comprises the minimum allocation amount of the similar required articles.
8. The apparatus for allocating an item of inventory as recited in claim 7, further comprising:
the type and quantity determining module of the backlog articles is used for determining the type and quantity of the backlog articles according to the type and quantity of the inventory articles and the required articles in the front bin and sequencing according to the quantity of the backlog articles;
the type and quantity determining module is used for determining the type and quantity of the articles to be returned according to the type and quantity of the backlog articles, the inventory quantity corresponding to the backlog articles in the front bin, the demand quantity of the front bin for the backlog articles and the article retention coefficient;
the reverse allocation module is used for constructing a reverse allocation model according to the types and the quantity of the articles to be returned and the return constraint conditions, and conveying the articles to be returned to the central bin corresponding to the front bin according to the reverse allocation model so as to realize allocation of inventory articles; wherein the return constraint condition comprises a priority constraint of the items to be returned, a constraint of the delivery vehicle and a constraint of the delivery cost.
9. A terminal, comprising:
one or more processors;
a storage device for storing one or more programs,
when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method of any one of claims 1-6.
10. A computer-readable medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method according to any one of claims 1-6.
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