CN112906189B - Method for calculating ground capacitance from line bus to disconnecting link lead - Google Patents

Method for calculating ground capacitance from line bus to disconnecting link lead Download PDF

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CN112906189B
CN112906189B CN202110066494.3A CN202110066494A CN112906189B CN 112906189 B CN112906189 B CN 112906189B CN 202110066494 A CN202110066494 A CN 202110066494A CN 112906189 B CN112906189 B CN 112906189B
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capacitance
switch
ground
voltage
bus
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CN112906189A (en
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孙广辉
赵春雷
王鑫明
李世辉
曹欣
贾晓卜
张飞飞
姜理源
苏玉京
解春晓
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
    • G01R27/2605—Measuring capacitance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
    • G06F17/16—Matrix or vector computation, e.g. matrix-matrix or matrix-vector multiplication, matrix factorization

Abstract

The invention provides a method for calculating the capacitance to ground of a lead wire from a bus side of a circuit to a disconnecting link, which comprises the following steps of calculating the capacitance to ground of the bus side of the circuit, calculating the capacitance to ground of the lead wire of a bus switch, and outputting voltage actual measurement data and conclusion in the power transmission stopping process; the invention considers the lead wire capacitance from the bus side to the disconnecting link, provides more accurate data for building an induced electricity model and induced voltage simulation of the same-tower double-circuit transmission line, has smaller deviation with an actual measured value, and provides a theoretical basis for the calculation of the induced voltage, thereby coping with the problem of the induced voltage and providing a safety guarantee for maintenance personnel.

Description

Method for calculating ground capacitance from line bus to disconnecting link lead
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power systems, in particular to a method for calculating the capacitance to ground of a line bus to a disconnecting link lead.
Background
With the appearance of the overhead transmission lines with multiple loops on the same tower, although the construction and transformation cost of the lines is reduced and the problem of the land of a power transmission corridor is relieved, the space distance between the lines is reduced, and because the distance between the lines is short, large induced voltage and induced current are easily induced on the lines. Particularly, when one of the circuits is subjected to power failure maintenance, due to the existence of induced voltage and induced current, the safety of maintenance personnel is seriously threatened, and coupling parameters among the circuits are mainly determined according to the distance among the circuits and the parameters of the circuits, so that the calculation principle of parameters among the circuits such as mutual inductance and capacitance needs to be known when the induced voltage among the circuits is calculated.
At present, a coupling parameter calculation method is mostly based on a simple short line centralized parameter model (neglecting capacitance to ground), the asynchronous problem of sampling at two ends of a line is not considered, the forward calculation of the lead-to-ground capacitance of a disconnecting switch in the line is difficult, and a method capable of directly calculating the lead-to-ground capacitance is not available.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to establish a method for calculating the capacitance to ground from a line bus to a disconnecting link lead wire, which provides a theoretical basis for the calculation of induced voltage, so as to solve the problem of the induced voltage and provide a safety guarantee for maintenance personnel.
In order to realize the technical scheme, the invention provides a method for calculating the capacitance to ground of a bus to a disconnecting link lead, which comprises the following steps:
step 1): calculating the ground capacitance of the line bus; vector measurement unit (PMU) and data acquisition and control (SCADA) are measured and combined, the sampling interval of SCADA data is generally 1-10 seconds, the SCADA measurement of the two ends of the line possibly has the condition of long asynchronous time, even the measurement of components belongs to different operating conditions, and therefore the line identification precision is influenced. PMU data intervals are typically 10ms or 20ms, with both end measurements being taken at substantially the same time slice and with the advantage of providing phase angle measurements, and thus on-line measurement using PMU data is becoming more and more widely used. In the positive and negative sequence lumped parameter circuit model of the double-circuit parallel transmission line, no coupling exists between different circuits, namely, the positive and negative sequence lumped parameters of each circuit can be independently calculated. The positive and negative zero sequence parameters in each loop do not have sequence coupling and are mutually independent; positive sequence coupling parameters, negative sequence coupling parameters and zero sequence coupling parameters exist between the two circuits, but the positive and negative zero sequences are mutually independent, and no sequence coupling exists. Mainly, a relevant identification equation is deduced by utilizing PMU data with phase angle information removed through voltage, current amplitude and power information in the PMU data obtained at two ends, a nonlinear identification equation at a single moment is obtained, and least square identification is carried out by utilizing measurement data at multiple moments;
step 2): calculating the lead wire to ground capacitance of the bus switch; through SCADA data wave-recording voltage data actually measured after the state of each bus switch changes in the power transmission or power failure process, calculation is started when only one switch in a circuit is in a hot standby state, the ratio of the voltage actually measured value of the state to a single-phase voltage is equal to the sum of the capacitance of the switch and the capacitance of the switch to the ground, the capacitance of the bus to the ground, the capacitance of a voltage transformer with the bus, the capacitance of a switch lead wire to the ground, and the capacitance of the switch lead wire to the ground, only the capacitance of the switch lead wire to the ground is unknown, so that the value of the capacitance of the switch lead wire to the ground is calculated, and by analogy, when each switch is in hot standby, the capacitance of the switch lead wire to the ground can be obtained;
step 3): actually measured voltage data in the power transmission stopping process; deriving voltage data measured in the power cut-off process, building a model and simulating voltage through a back-stepping algorithm, comparing the measured voltage with the simulated voltage, and calculating an error;
and step 4): outputting a conclusion; and calculating to obtain the lead wire to ground capacitance of the bus switch, which is beneficial to building a power transmission line model.
Preferably, the step 1 is specifically divided into the following 3 parts:
1) the method comprises the steps of describing by using a positive sequence component, and establishing a concentrated parameter pi-shaped equivalent model for a single-circuit line of the power transmission line;
2) considering any k moment, based on PMU measurement at two ends of the power transmission line, removing phase angle information in the PMU measurement, and only adopting voltage and current amplitude measurement and active and reactive measurement to carry out parameter identification; at this time, assuming that the N terminal voltage phase angle is 0 and the M terminal voltage phase angle is a, there are:
Figure BDA0002904217690000031
Figure BDA0002904217690000032
wherein, UM、UNAmplitude of terminal voltage, U, M, N respectivelyNR、UNIReal and imaginary parts of N-terminal voltage phasor, UMR、UMIRespectively a real part and an imaginary part of the M terminal voltage phasor;
3) for the identification adopting single time, the identification values of resistance, reactance and admittance to ground at the time k can be obtained through calculation:
Figure BDA0002904217690000041
Figure BDA0002904217690000042
YC.k＝yc.k
and obtaining a capacitance matrix through the identification value of the reactance, wherein the value of the diagonal line is the ground capacitance of the power transmission line.
Preferably, the step 2 is specifically divided into the following 3 parts:
1) when the line bus and each switch are cold for standby, set UBFor operating the bus voltage, UbFor bus induced voltage shutdown, CBbIs the mutual capacitance between two buses, CbThe self-grounding capacitance of the shutdown bus is obtained; wherein U isBIs a known value; u shapebIs a known measured value; cBbThe capacitance of the line bus to the ground can be calculated from the capacitance of the line bus in the step 1 and is about 0; cbThe capacitance of the line bus to the ground can be obtained by the step 1Calculating to obtain;
2) when a switch is arranged between the circuit buses and is switched to heat for standby, a switch fracture capacitor and a switch lead wire capacitance to ground need to be added in the calculation; is provided with C5011For added switched break capacitors, CLead 5011The added switch lead wire is capacitance to ground; wherein C is5011Is a known value, CLead 5011Is to be evaluated; according to a calculation formula
Figure BDA0002904217690000043
Then, C can be obtainedLead 5011A value of (d);
3) when a switch is switched to be in heat standby, compared with the previous step, a switch fracture capacitor and a switch lead wire capacitor to ground are required to be added in the calculation; let C5042For the added switch break capacitance, CLead 5042The secondary added switch lead wire is a capacitor to ground; wherein C5042Is a known value, CLead 5042Is to be evaluated; the same method as the previous step can obtain CLead 5042The value of (c).
Preferably, in the step 4, since the voltage is too small when the first switch state is changed, the voltage value of the first switch state is not counted into the result.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the technical scheme, the lead wire capacitance from the bus side to the disconnecting link is considered, more accurate data is provided for building an induced power model and induced voltage simulation of the same-tower double-circuit power transmission line, deviation from an actual measured value is smaller, a theoretical basis is provided for calculation of induced voltage, the problem of induced voltage is solved, and a safety guarantee is provided for maintenance personnel.
(2) According to the technical scheme, the lead wire to ground capacitance of the bus switch is obtained through calculation, the error between the calculation result building model and the measured value is small, the calculation of various parameters of the power transmission line is greatly facilitated, and the model building and a series of follow-up researches of the power transmission line are facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for calculating the capacitance to ground of a bus side of a circuit to a disconnecting link lead according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a line bus electrostatic induction voltage model;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a lumped parameter pi-type equivalent model of the single-circuit line of the power transmission line of step 1 in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a model of the step 2 of the present invention when the bus and the switches are cold standby;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a model of step 2 of the present invention when a switch is in standby state;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the model of step 2 of the present invention when a switch is turned to hot standby.
Detailed Description
To further understand the structure, characteristics and other objects of the present invention, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying preferred embodiments, which are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not to limit the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for calculating the capacitance to ground of a line bus side to a disconnecting link lead according to the present invention; the calculation method comprises the following steps:
step 1): calculating the ground capacitance of the line bus; vector measurement unit (PMU) and data acquisition and monitoring (SCADA) measurement are combined; the sampling interval of SCADA data is 1-10 seconds, and the data interval of PMU is 10ms or 20 ms; by utilizing PMU data with phase angle information removed, deriving a relevant identification equation through voltage, current amplitude and power information in the PMU data obtained at two ends, obtaining a nonlinear identification equation at a single moment, and performing least square identification by utilizing measurement data at multiple moments;
step 2): calculating the lead wire to ground capacitance of the bus switch; through SCADA data wave-recording voltage data actually measured after the state of each bus switch changes in the power transmission or power failure process, calculation is started when only one switch in a circuit is in a hot standby state, the ratio of the voltage actually measured value of the state to a single-phase voltage is equal to the sum of the capacitance of the switch and the capacitance of the switch to the ground, the capacitance of the bus to the ground, the capacitance of a voltage transformer with the bus, the capacitance of a switch lead wire to the ground, and the capacitance of the switch lead wire to the ground, only the capacitance of the switch lead wire to the ground is unknown, so that the value of the capacitance of the switch lead wire to the ground is calculated, and by analogy, when each switch is in hot standby, the capacitance of the switch lead wire to the ground can be obtained;
step 3): actually measured voltage data in the power transmission stopping process; deriving voltage data measured in the power cut-off process, simultaneously building a model and simulating voltage through a back-stepping algorithm, comparing the actually measured voltage with the simulated voltage, and calculating an error;
step 4): outputting a conclusion; and (4) obtaining the lead wire to ground capacitance of the bus switch according to calculation, which is beneficial to building a power transmission line model.
Example two:
referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a line bus electrostatic induction voltage model; the technical principle of the invention is as follows:
in FIG. 2, a is a normal operation bus, b is a shutdown bus, UsbFor b bus induced voltage, UaIs a bus voltage, CabMutual capacitance (coupling capacitance), C, between two busbarsbB, the self-grounding capacitance of the bus is obtained; the mathematical model of the line bus static induction voltage is
Figure BDA0002904217690000071
The induction voltage calculated by the method is divided into the induction voltage of a simple two-wire alternating current overhead line and the induction voltage of an outage maintenance loop (the ends of the two ends. The simple two-wire alternating current overhead line induction voltage comprises an electromagnetic induction voltage and an electrostatic induction voltage, wherein the electromagnetic induction voltage is caused by mutual inductance between two return wires, and the electrostatic induction voltage is caused by mutual capacitance between the two return wires; the induction voltage of the shutdown maintenance circuit (the two ends of the head and the tail are not grounded) only comprises the static induction voltage, the two ends of the shutdown maintenance circuit are not grounded and do not form a circuit, and the induction current is zero, so that the induction voltage is only the static induction voltage.
Example three:
as shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a lumped parameter pi-type equivalent model of the single-circuit line of the power transmission line in step 1 in the present invention; the step 1 is specifically divided into the following 3 steps:
1) the method comprises the steps of describing by using a positive sequence component, and establishing a concentrated parameter pi-shaped equivalent model for a single-circuit line of the power transmission line, as shown in a figure 3;
2) considering any k moment, based on PMU measurement quantities at two ends of the power transmission line, removing phase angle information in the PMU measurement quantities, and only adopting voltage and current amplitude measurement and active and reactive measurement to carry out parameter identification; at this time, assuming that the N terminal voltage phase angle is 0 and the M terminal voltage phase angle is a, there are:
Figure BDA0002904217690000081
Figure BDA0002904217690000082
wherein, UM、UNAmplitude of terminal voltage, U, M, N respectivelyNR、UNIReal and imaginary parts of N terminal voltage phasor, UMR、UMIRespectively a real part and an imaginary part of M terminal voltage phasor;
3) for the identification adopting single time, the identification values of resistance, reactance and admittance to ground at the time k can be obtained through calculation:
Figure BDA0002904217690000083
Figure BDA0002904217690000084
YC.k＝yc.k
and obtaining a capacitance matrix through the identification value of the reactance, wherein the value of the diagonal line is the ground capacitance of the power transmission line.
Example four:
referring to fig. 4, 5 and 6, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a model of the bus and the switches in step 2 of the present invention when they are cold standby; FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a model of step 2 of the present invention when a switch is in standby state; FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the model of step 2 of the present invention when a switch is turned to hot standby; in the step 2, calculating the ground capacitance of the lead wires of the bus switch, and obtaining a calculation method of the ground capacitance of the lead wires of each series of switches on the basis of a bus electrostatic induction model; the step 2 is specifically divided into the following 3 parts:
1) when the line bus and each switch are cold standby, the line model is as shown in fig. 4; is provided with a UBFor operating the bus voltage, UbFor bus induced voltage shutdown, CBbIs the mutual capacitance between two buses, CbThe self-grounding capacitance of the shutdown bus is obtained; wherein U isBIs a known value; u shapebKnown measured values; cBbThe capacitance of the line bus to the ground can be calculated from the capacitance of the line bus in the step 1 and is about 0; cbThe capacitance of the line bus to the ground can be calculated in the step 1;
2) when a switch is switched to a standby state between the line buses, the line model is as shown in fig. 5; a switch break capacitor and a switch lead wire capacitance to ground are added in the calculation; is provided with C5011For added switched break capacitors, CLead 5011Capacitance to ground for the added switch lead; wherein C is5011Is a known value, CLead 5011Is to be evaluated; according to a calculation formula
Figure BDA0002904217690000091
Then, C can be obtainedLead 5011A value of (d);
3) when a switch is switched to hot standby, the circuit model is as shown in fig. 6; compared with the previous step, a switch break capacitor and a switch lead wire capacitance to ground are required to be added in the calculation; is provided with C5042For the added switch break capacitance, CLead 5042The secondary added switch lead wire is a capacitor to ground; wherein C is5042Is a known value, CLead 5042Is to be evaluated; the same method as the previous step can obtain CLead 5042The value of (c).
Example five:
in the invention, the voltage actual measurement data in the power-on/power-off process in the step 3 is obtained; deriving voltage data measured in the power cut-off process, simultaneously building a model and simulating voltage through a back-stepping algorithm, comparing the actually measured voltage with the simulated voltage, and calculating an error; taking the power transmission process of the bus of the north stone station as an example, the model is built through the above back-stepping algorithm and compared with the actual measurement voltage as follows:
Figure BDA0002904217690000092
Figure BDA0002904217690000101
Figure BDA0002904217690000102
Figure BDA0002904217690000111
Figure BDA0002904217690000112
Figure BDA0002904217690000121
example six:
outputting the conclusion of the step 4 in the invention; when the first switch state is changed, the voltage is too small, and the induced voltage does not take the result into account; when the states of other switches are changed, the lead wire to ground capacitance of the bus switch is obtained according to calculation; because the error between the calculation result and the measured value is relatively small, the method and the device have great help for calculating various parameters of the power transmission line, and are beneficial to building a power transmission line model and carrying out a series of subsequent researches.
Compared with the traditional technical scheme, the invention has the technical effects that:
according to the technical scheme, the lead wire capacitance from the bus side to the disconnecting link is considered, more accurate data is provided for building an induced power model and induced voltage simulation of the same-tower double-circuit power transmission line, deviation from an actual measured value is smaller, a theoretical basis is provided for calculation of induced voltage, the problem of induced voltage is solved, and a safety guarantee is provided for maintenance personnel.
It should be noted that the above summary and the detailed description are intended to demonstrate the practical application of the technical solutions provided by the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Various modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principles of the invention. The scope of the invention is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A method of calculating the capacitance of a line bus to the ground of a line-to-line disconnecting link lead, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1): calculating the ground capacitance of the line bus; the phasor measurement unit PMU is combined with the SCADA measurement for data acquisition and monitoring; the sampling interval of SCADA data is 1-10 seconds, and the data interval of PMU is 10ms or 20 ms; by utilizing PMU data with phase angle information removed, deriving a relevant identification equation through voltage, current amplitude and power information in the PMU data obtained at two ends, obtaining a nonlinear identification equation at a single moment, and performing least square identification by utilizing measurement data at multiple moments;
step 2): calculating the lead wire to ground capacitance of the bus switch; through SCADA data wave-recording voltage data actually measured after the state of each bus switch changes in the power transmission or power failure process, calculation is started when only one switch in a circuit is in a hot standby state, the ratio of the voltage actually measured value of the state to a single-phase voltage is equal to the sum of the capacitance of the switch and the capacitance of the switch to the ground, the capacitance of the bus to the ground, the capacitance of a voltage transformer with the bus, the capacitance of a switch lead wire to the ground, and the capacitance of the switch lead wire to the ground, only the capacitance of the switch lead wire to the ground is unknown, so that the value of the capacitance of the switch lead wire to the ground is calculated, and by analogy, when each switch is in hot standby, the capacitance of the switch lead wire to the ground can be obtained;
step 3): actually measured voltage data in the power transmission stopping process; deriving voltage data measured in the power cut-off process, simultaneously building a model and simulating voltage through a back-stepping algorithm, comparing the actually measured voltage with the simulated voltage, and calculating an error;
step 4): outputting a conclusion; and calculating to obtain the lead wire to ground capacitance of the bus switch, which is beneficial to building a power transmission line model.
2. The computing method according to claim 1, wherein said step 1 is specifically divided into the following 3 parts:
1) the method comprises the steps of describing by using a positive sequence component, and establishing a concentrated parameter pi-shaped equivalent model for a single-circuit line of the power transmission line;
2) considering any k moment, based on PMU measurement quantities at two ends of the power transmission line, removing phase angle information in the PMU measurement quantities, and only adopting voltage and current amplitude measurement and active and reactive measurement to carry out parameter identification; at this time, assuming that the N terminal voltage phase angle is 0 and the M terminal voltage phase angle is α, there are:
Figure FDA0003617522440000021
Figure FDA0003617522440000022
wherein, UM、UNAmplitude of the terminal voltage, U, of M, N respectivelyNR、UNIReal and imaginary parts of N-terminal voltage phasor, UMR、UMIRespectively a real part and an imaginary part of M terminal voltage phasor;
3) for the identification adopting single time, the identification values of resistance, reactance and admittance to ground at the time k can be obtained through calculation:
Figure FDA0003617522440000023
Figure FDA0003617522440000024
YC.k＝yc.k
and obtaining a capacitance matrix through the identification value of the reactance, wherein the value of the diagonal line is the ground capacitance of the power transmission line.
3. The computing method according to claim 1, wherein said step 2 is divided into the following 3 parts:
1) when the line bus and each switch are cold standby, set UBFor operating the bus voltage, UbFor bus induced voltage shutdown, CBbIs the mutual capacitance between two buses, CbThe self-grounding capacitance of the shutdown bus is obtained; wherein U isBIs a known value; u shapebIs a known measured value; cBbThe capacitance of the line bus to the ground can be calculated from the step 1 and is about 0; cbThe capacitance of the line bus to the ground can be calculated in the step 1;
2) when a switch is arranged between the circuit buses and is switched to heat for standby, a switch fracture capacitor and a switch lead wire capacitance to ground need to be added in the calculation; is provided with C5011For added switched break capacitors, CLeader 5011The added switch lead wire is capacitance to ground; wherein C5011Is a known value, CLeader 5011Is to be evaluated; according to a calculation formula
Figure FDA0003617522440000031
Then, C can be obtainedLead 5011A value of (d);
3) when a switch is switched to be in heat standby, compared with the previous step, a switch fracture capacitor and a switch lead wire capacitor to ground are required to be added in the calculation; is provided with C5042For the added switch break capacitance, CLead 5042The capacitor to ground for the switching pin added again; wherein C is5042Is a known value, CLead 5042Is to be evaluated; the same method as the previous step can obtain CLead 5042The value of (c).
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 4, the voltage value of the first switch state is not counted as the result of the voltage being too low when the first switch state changes.
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