Rain gauge
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precipitation measurement, in particular to a rain gauge.
Background
The optical rain gauge is provided with an infrared light source, infrared light emitted by the infrared light source is transmitted in a transparent upper cover, is totally reflected on an interface between the upper cover and air and finally reaches the photodiode, when rainwater exists on the surface of the upper cover, because the refractive index of the rainwater is larger than that of the air, the infrared light is not totally reflected on the interface between the upper cover and the rainwater any more, but is reflected and refracted, so that the intensity of the infrared light received by the photodiode is weakened, and the conditioning circuit receives an electric signal of the photodiode and outputs rainfall information. The optical rain gauge has no movable part and is not easy to age or break down, but if the measurement interval of the optical rain gauge is too small, the same raindrop is easy to measure twice, and if the measurement interval is too large, the measurement is easy to miss. Measurement inaccuracies can result from either too small or too large a measurement interval.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rain gauge, which solves the problem of inaccurate measurement caused by too small or too large measurement interval of an optical rain gauge in the prior art.
A rain gauge comprises an optical metering module, a piezoelectric counting module and a control circuit, wherein the optical metering module is fixedly connected with the piezoelectric counting module, and the optical metering module and the piezoelectric counting module are respectively and electrically connected with the control circuit; the optical metering module comprises a light guide cover, a light source and a detection module arranged opposite to the light source. When the rain-proof light guide cover is used, when the piezoelectric counting module collects signals, the related signals are transmitted to the control circuit, the control circuit enables the light source to emit light, the detection module converts the light signals into electric signals and transmits the electric signals to the control circuit after receiving the light signals, if the illuminance is attenuated, the rain falls on the light guide cover, and the size of rain drops is calculated according to the attenuation degree of the illuminance; every time the piezoelectric counting module is activated, the optical metering module works once, and each raindrop falling on the light guide cover is counted and metered, so that repeated measurement of raindrops is avoided, missed detection is also avoided, and the measuring accuracy is improved.
Further, the piezoelectric counting module comprises a deformation detection unit, and the deformation detection unit is electrically connected with the control circuit. When raindrops or sundries fall on the rain gauge, the deformation detection unit is stressed, and generates an electric signal and transmits the electric signal to the control circuit.
Further, the optical metering module further comprises a first base, the light guide cover and the first base enclose to form a closed cavity, the light source, the detection module, the control circuit and the deformation detection unit are located in the cavity, the deformation detection unit is attached to the inner wall of the light guide cover, and the deformation detection unit is fixedly installed on the first base. The inner wall of the light guide cover is provided with an auxiliary light guide part, the end face of the auxiliary light guide part is horizontal, the light source is an infrared light source, infrared light emitted by the infrared light source is changed into parallel light after being refracted by the convex lens, the parallel light is incident perpendicular to the end face of the auxiliary light guide part, is totally reflected on the interface between the outer wall of the light guide cover and air, and is received by the detection module through the light filter after being reflected for multiple times. When raindrops or sundries fall on the light guide cover, the light guide cover is deformed, the deformation is detected by the deformation detection unit, and an electric signal is generated and transmitted to the control circuit.
Further, the piezoelectric counting module further comprises a second base, a vibrating piece is arranged at an opening at the upper end of the second base, the light guide cover is fixed on the vibrating piece, the control circuit is located in the second base, the light source and the detection module are located in a closed area enclosed by the light guide cover and the vibrating piece, and the light source and the detection module are connected with the control circuit through wires penetrating through the vibrating piece respectively. The wire is supported by the support piece, so that the wire is prevented from being in direct contact with the vibrating plate and blocking the vibration of the vibrating plate.
Further, the light guide cover is connected with the vibrating plate in a sealing mode, the deformation detection unit comprises a piezoelectric device, the piezoelectric device is fixedly installed on the second base through a supporting piece, and the piezoelectric device is attached to the lower surface of the vibrating plate. When raindrops or sundries fall on the light guide cover, the vibration plate deforms, pressure is applied to the piezoelectric device, the piezoelectric device generates current and transmits the current to the control circuit, and the control circuit controls the optical detection module to detect. The piezoelectric device is one of piezoelectric crystal, piezoelectric ceramic and piezoelectric polymer.
Further, the light guide cover is connected with the vibrating plate in a sealing mode, the deformation detection unit comprises a piezoelectric device, the piezoelectric device is fixedly installed on the second base through a supporting piece penetrating through the vibrating plate, and the piezoelectric device is attached to the inner surface of the light guide cover in an attached mode. When raindrops or sundries fall on the light guide cover, the vibration plate deforms, pressure is applied to the piezoelectric device, the piezoelectric device generates current and transmits the current to the control circuit, and the control circuit controls the optical detection module to detect.
Further, the control circuit comprises a piezoelectric acquisition module, an optical acquisition module and an output module which are respectively connected with the single chip microcomputer, and further comprises a power supply module which supplies power to the light source, the optical acquisition module, the output module and the single chip microcomputer.
Further, the piezoelectric acquisition module comprises an IV conversion circuit, a first-stage amplification circuit, a first filter circuit, a second-stage amplification circuit and a second filter circuit which are connected in sequence, the IV conversion circuit is connected with the piezoelectric device, and the second filter circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer.
Furthermore, the optical acquisition module comprises a silicon photocell and an amplifying circuit which are electrically connected, and the output end of the amplifying circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
when the rain-proof light guide cover is used, when the piezoelectric counting module collects signals, the related signals are transmitted to the control circuit, the control circuit enables the light source to emit light, the detection module converts the light signals into electric signals and transmits the electric signals to the control circuit after receiving the light signals, if the illuminance is attenuated, the rain falls on the light guide cover, and the size of rain drops is calculated according to the attenuation degree of the illuminance; every time the piezoelectric counting module is activated, the optical metering module works once, and each raindrop falling on the light guide cover is counted and metered, so that repeated measurement of raindrops is avoided, missed detection is also avoided, and the measuring accuracy is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a power supply module of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of an optical acquisition module of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a light source according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a light source according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a piezoelectric acquisition module of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of a single chip microcomputer of the present invention;
1. the device comprises a light guide cover, 2, a light source, 3, a detection module, 4, a first base, 5, a second base, 6, a vibrating plate, 7, a piezoelectric device, 8, a support, 9, a convex lens, 10, a filter, 11, a control circuit board, 12 and a rain shade.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given in the present patent without making any creative effort, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present patent.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 4 to 9, a rain gauge includes an optical metering module, a piezoelectric counting module and a control circuit, wherein the optical metering module is fixedly connected with the piezoelectric counting module, and the optical metering module and the piezoelectric counting module are respectively electrically connected with the control circuit; the optical metrology module comprises a light guide housing 1, a light source 2 and a detection module 3 arranged opposite to the light source 2. When the rain-proof device is used, when the piezoelectric counting module collects signals, the related signals are transmitted to the control circuit, the control circuit enables the light source 2 to emit light, the detection module 3 converts the light signals into electric signals and transmits the electric signals to the control circuit after receiving the light signals, if the illuminance is attenuated, the rain falls on the light guide cover 1, and the size of rain drops is calculated according to the attenuation degree of the illuminance; every time the piezoelectric counting module is activated, the optical metering module works once, and each raindrop falling on the light guide cover 1 is counted and metered, so that repeated measurement of raindrops is avoided, missed detection is also avoided, and the measuring accuracy is improved.
The optical metering module further comprises a first base 4, the light guide cover 1 and the first base 4 are enclosed to form a closed cavity, the light source 2, the detection module 3, the control circuit and the deformation detection unit are located in the cavity, the piezoelectric counting module comprises a piezoelectric pressure sensor, the piezoelectric pressure sensor is attached to the inner wall of the light guide cover 1, and the piezoelectric pressure sensor is fixedly installed on the first base 4. An auxiliary light guide part is arranged on the inner wall of the light guide cover 1, one end face of the auxiliary light guide part is horizontal, and the other end of the auxiliary light guide part is integrally formed with the light guide cover 1; the light source 2 is an infrared emitting tube, infrared light emitted by the light source is refracted by the convex lens and then changed into parallel light, the parallel light is incident perpendicular to the end face of the auxiliary light guide member, is totally reflected on the interface between the outer wall of the light guide cover 1 and air, and is received by the detection module 3 through the light filter after being reflected for multiple times. The detection module 3 adopts a silicon photocell, and generates current after being illuminated. The filter allows only light of the wavelength emitted by the infrared emission tube to pass through. When raindrops or sundries fall on the light guide cover 1, the light guide cover 1 is deformed, the deformation is detected by the deformation detection unit, and an electric signal is generated and transmitted to the control circuit.
The control circuit comprises a piezoelectric acquisition module, an optical acquisition module and an output module which are respectively connected with the single chip microcomputer, and further comprises a power supply module for supplying power to the light source 2, the optical acquisition module, the output module and the single chip microcomputer. The piezoelectric acquisition module comprises an IV conversion circuit, a first-stage amplification circuit, a first filter circuit, a second-stage amplification circuit and a second filter circuit which are sequentially connected, the IV conversion circuit is connected with the piezoelectric device 7, and the second filter circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer. The optical acquisition module comprises an amplifying circuit electrically connected with the silicon photocell, and the output end of the amplifying circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer.
The power supply module comprises an anti-reverse diode D1, a transient suppression diode D9, a filter capacitor C6, a voltage reference chip U1, a filter capacitor C8 and a circuit indication light-emitting diode D2 which are sequentially connected. The primary output of the power supply module can be 24V or 12V according to requirements, and the secondary output of the power supply module is 5V.
The optical acquisition module comprises an operational amplifier U2 and a filter circuit, and the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the two silicon photocells.
The piezoelectric acquisition module comprises a first-stage operational amplifier U6, a filter capacitor C7, a second-stage operational amplifier U7 and a filter capacitor C11 which are sequentially connected, and the first-stage operational amplifier U6 is connected with the piezoelectric device.
The singlechip is also connected with a 485 output circuit or a pulse output circuit.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the piezoelectric counting module further includes a second base 5, an opening at an upper end of the second base 5 is provided with an arch-shaped thin steel plate (a vibrating plate 6), the light guide cover 1 is fixed on the arch-shaped thin steel plate, the control circuit is located in the second base 5, the light source 2 and the detection module 3 are located in an enclosed area enclosed by the light guide cover 1 and the arch-shaped thin steel plate, and the light source 2 and the detection module 3 are respectively connected with the control circuit through wires passing through the arch-shaped thin steel plate. The wires are supported by the support member 8 to avoid direct contact with the arched thin steel plate and obstruct vibration of the arched thin steel plate, and the convex lens and the optical filter are also fixed on the second base 5 by the support member 8. The light guide cover 1 is hermetically connected with the vibrating plate 6, the piezoelectric pressure sensor is fixedly arranged on the second base 5 through a support 8, and the piezoelectric pressure sensor is abutted against the lower surface of the arched thin steel plate. When raindrops or sundries fall on the light guide cover 1, the arched thin steel plate is deformed, pressure is applied to the piezoelectric device 7, the piezoelectric device 7 generates current accordingly, the current is transmitted to the control circuit, and the control circuit controls the optical detection module 3 to detect the current.
The second base 5 is provided with a rain shade which shades the arched thin steel plate to prevent raindrops from falling on the arched thin steel plate, the light guide cover 1 penetrates through the rain shade, and a drain hole is formed in the bottom of the rain shade.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 2 in that the light guide housing 1 is hermetically connected to a plastic sheet (diaphragm 6), a piezoelectric pressure sensor is fixedly mounted on the second base 5 by a support 8 penetrating through the plastic sheet, and a piezoelectric device 7 is attached to an inner surface of the light guide housing 1. When raindrops or sundries fall on the light guide cover 1, the plastic sheet is deformed, pressure is applied to the piezoelectric device 7, the piezoelectric device 7 generates current accordingly, and the current is transmitted to the control circuit, and the control circuit controls the optical detection module 3 to detect the current.
Example 4
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 lies in, deformation detecting element includes deformation detecting light source 2, reflector plate and receiving element, and deformation detecting light source 2 and receiving element are fixed on second base 5, and the reflector plate is fixed on elastic film (trembler 6), and when the rain gauge did not receive the impact of raindrop or debris, the light that deformation detecting light source 2 sent can be received by the receiving element through the reflector plate reflection, and when elastic film took place the deformation, the light that deformation detecting light source 2 sent can not be received by the receiving element.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims and the drawings, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.