CN112904360B - Large dynamic range detection device and method for ocean water body detection - Google Patents
Large dynamic range detection device and method for ocean water body detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN112904360B CN112904360B CN202110096544.2A CN202110096544A CN112904360B CN 112904360 B CN112904360 B CN 112904360B CN 202110096544 A CN202110096544 A CN 202110096544A CN 112904360 B CN112904360 B CN 112904360B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/497—Means for monitoring or calibrating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
A large dynamic range detection device and method for ocean water detection comprises a laser light source, a signal generator, a signal acquisition and storage system, an optical fiber coupling mirror, an optical fiber collimating mirror, a detector system, an adjustable attenuator, an optical fiber jumper, and a detector power supply and gain control system. The invention combines the analog detection and photon counting detection modes of the traditional PMT detector, overcomes the interference of the back pulse counting noise caused by the strong echo signal of the upper water body of the traditional detector under high gain voltage on the single photon counting detection result of the deep water body, and realizes the detection capability of covering the continuous echo signal with large dynamic range from the upper water body to the deep water body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a large dynamic range detection method for ocean water body detection, in particular to a large dynamic range detection device and method applied to ocean water body continuous section detection.
Background
In ocean active optical detection, the signal amplitude variation range is very large due to the strong attenuation of incident beams by seawater, so a detection technology with a large dynamic range is required.
The PMT detector has the advantages of high gain, high response speed and the like, and is particularly suitable for the requirement of ocean active optical detection. The traditional PMT detector can detect a strong echo of an upper-layer water body in a low-gain mode, but cannot detect echo information of a single photon level of a deep-layer water body; the method can have the detection capability of a deep water single photon echo signal in a high gain mode, but after a strong echo signal of an upper water is received, a series of serious post-pulse effect counting noises can be caused, the accuracy of a photon detection result of the deep water is influenced, and the method is not suitable for continuous water waveform detection.
The existing technology for widening the dynamic range of the detector mainly focuses on selecting the detector made of special materials, and has the disadvantages of high cost, harsh use conditions and complex structure, so that the universality is not strong.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a large dynamic range detection technology suitable for ocean water detection, which combines two detection modes of analog detection and photon counting detection of a traditional PMT detector, wherein the two modes can be respectively used for analog detection of upper-layer water signals and photon counting detection of deep water signals, and simultaneously combines a pulse correction device behind the detector and a correction algorithm to correct the interference of a series of pulse counting effects caused by the fact that the traditional PMT detector receives stronger echo signals of the upper-layer water body on the photon counting results of the deep water body in a high gain mode, thereby widening the detection dynamic range in the photon counting mode and simultaneously having better universality and lower application cost. According to the peak power of different incident pulse light, the invention combines the adjustable attenuator to attenuate, obtains the back pulse counting noise distribution when echo signals with different peak power are received, and fits the function of the back pulse counting distribution under different echoes along with the change of sampling time. And finally, matching according to the echo signal peak power of the actual target and a rear pulse distribution function, correcting the interference of different echo intensities at different depths on the photon counting signal of the deep water body, and restoring the real detection result of the actually measured signal.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the traditional PMT detector can simultaneously have two detection modes of analog waveform detection and photon counting detection after high gain voltage is applied. The analog waveform detection can be suitable for receiving continuous echo signals of the upper water body, and the photon counting detection is suitable for receiving waveform discrete photon signals of the deep water body. However, after receiving the strong continuous signal of the upper water body, the PMT detector generates a series of subsequent pulse count signals, which will seriously affect the actual signal photon count in the photon count mode and limit the dynamic range of the detector. In order to eliminate the influence of the pulse counting after the detector receives the strong signal of the upper water body, the detector calibration system is utilized to calibrate the pulse counting statistic value generated after the detector receives the echo signals with different intensities, the statistic value is utilized to fit the corresponding pulse counting distribution under different echoes, different echo signal values are matched according to the distribution, and the influence of the pulse counting noise on the real signal counting of the deep water body is eliminated. And finally, performing multi-frame accumulation on the single-frame data with the pulse counting noise eliminated to obtain real detection data with a large dynamic range.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a large dynamic range detection device for ocean water detection is characterized in that: the device comprises a laser light source, a signal generator, a signal acquisition and storage system, an optical fiber coupling mirror, an optical fiber collimating mirror, a detector system, an adjustable attenuator, an optical fiber jumper and a detector power supply and gain control system;
the detector system is driven by a detector power supply and gain control system, is in a high gain mode, has two detection signal output capacities of analog waveform detection and discrete single photon counting detection in the mode, and can receive an upper-layer water analog waveform signal and a deep-layer water single photon counting signal in actual measurement application;
the laser light source and the signal acquisition and storage system are driven by the signal generator, and the synchronization of the receiving and transmitting time sequence is realized; in the actual measurement stage, the laser beam emitted by the laser light source generates continuous water body echo signals after entering the water body, the continuous water body echo signals are received by the detector system, and the signals are collected and stored by the signal collecting and storing system to be used as actual measurement data. In the later calibration stage, the laser beam emitted by the laser source is collimated into the first optical fiber jumper by the optical fiber collimating mirror and attenuated by the adjustable attenuator, the incident light intensity of the adjustable attenuator can be continuously adjusted, the emergent beam is transmitted into the optical fiber collimating mirror by the second optical fiber jumper, the emergent beam is collimated into the detector system by the optical fiber collimating mirror, the signal response waveform generated by the detector system is collected and stored by the collection and storage system, the data acquired by the collection and storage system is used for evaluating the distribution of the post-pulse effect and finally used for correcting the post-pulse counting noise interference in the measured data of the detector system in the photon counting stage in the high gain mode.
The laser light source is used for providing a pulse laser light source with short pulse width, a water body detection light source used in an actual measurement stage and a calibration light source used in a later calibration stage.
The laser pulse repetition frequency of the laser light source is regulated and controlled by the signal generator.
The signal generator is used for providing a TTL square wave driving signal with stable frequency, and the driving signal can still stably drive the laser light source and the acquisition and storage system after being divided into two parts.
The acquisition and storage system is used for acquiring and storing waveform data generated by the detector system.
The adjustable attenuator system is used for providing enough adjustable attenuation range and simulating the dynamic range of the actually measured water body signal received by the detector system.
The optical fiber coupling mirror couples the pulse laser emitted by the laser light source to the first optical fiber jumper, and the first optical fiber jumper can introduce the pulse laser into the adjustable attenuator to be continuously attenuated. After being attenuated, the pulse laser is led into the optical fiber collimating mirror by the second optical fiber jumper and is emitted into the detector system by the optical fiber collimating mirror.
On the other hand, the invention also discloses a correction method of the large dynamic range detection device for ocean water body detection, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, laser emitted by a laser light source is coupled into an optical fiber jumper by the optical fiber coupling mirror and is attenuated by the adjustable attenuator.
And 2, the adjustable attenuator attenuates the amplitude of the incident laser pulse according to the dynamic range of the actually measured signal in the actually measured stage, and obtains the calibrated incident laser pulse in the dynamic range corresponding to the calibrated stage.
And 3, enabling the calibrated incident laser pulse to enter the detector system through an optical fiber jumper and an optical fiber collimating mirror.
And 4, the detector system receives the calibration incident laser pulse signal to generate corresponding calibration response data, and the corresponding calibration response data is acquired by the acquisition and storage system and then stored in the acquisition and storage system.
And 5, performing multi-frame accumulation on the calibration response data acquired by the acquisition and storage system to acquire statistical data of the distribution of the calibration main pulse signals with different amplitudes and the calibrated pulse counting signals generated by the detector along with sampling time.
And 6, fitting the distribution statistical data of the calibrated main pulse signal and the calibrated pulse counting signal along with the sampling time to obtain calibrated pulse counting distribution functions corresponding to the calibrated main pulse signals with different amplitudes.
And 7, sequentially matching single-frame actually measured water body data of different depths acquired by the detector system with the calibration main pulse signals according to different echo amplitudes of different depths, filtering back pulse counting noise corresponding to the actually measured water body signals of amplitudes corresponding to the corresponding depths by using a matched calibrated pulse counting distribution function corresponding to the calibration main pulse signals, and acquiring the actually measured water body echo data after the pulse counting noise is filtered.
And 8, performing multi-frame accumulation on the single-frame actually-measured water body echo signals with different depths, to which the pulse counting noise is filtered, so as to obtain real large-dynamic-range water body echo data.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. based on the traditional PMT detector, the device can carry out specific calibration aiming at each detector by combining a detector calibration device and a correction algorithm, and has high correction precision and lower cost.
2. The method is suitable for detecting continuous targets such as ocean water bodies, and can effectively improve the detection dynamic range of the continuous water body targets.
3. By combining two detection modes of analog detection and photon counting detection of the PMT detector and combining the pulse correction device behind the detector, the pulse effect behind the PMT detector system caused after receiving stronger echo signals is corrected, the effective detection dynamic range of the traditional PMT detector is widened, and the device is particularly suitable for the detection requirement of large dynamic range signals of continuous water detection in ocean water detection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a large dynamic range detection device for ocean water detection according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method for post-pulse correction according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-laser light source, 2-signal generator, 3-signal acquisition and storage system, 4-optical fiber coupling mirror, 5-optical fiber collimating mirror, 6-PMT detector to be calibrated, 7-adjustable attenuator, 8-optical fiber jumper, 9-detector power supply and gain control system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following examples and figures, without thereby limiting the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, it can be seen that the large dynamic range detection device for marine water body detection of the present invention comprises: the device comprises a laser light source 1, a signal generator 2, a signal acquisition and storage system 3, an optical fiber coupling mirror 4, an optical fiber collimating mirror 5, a detector system 6, an adjustable attenuator 7, an optical fiber jumper 8 and a detector power supply and gain control system 9; the detector system 6 is driven by a detector power supply and gain control system 8, is in a high gain mode, has two detection signal output capacities of analog waveform detection and discrete single photon counting detection in the mode, and can receive an upper-layer water analog waveform signal and a deep-layer water single photon counting signal in actual measurement application;
the laser light source 1 and the signal acquisition and storage system 3 are driven by the signal generator 2, and the synchronization of the receiving and transmitting time sequences is realized; in the actual measurement stage, the laser beam emitted by the laser light source 1 enters the water body to generate continuous water body echo signals, the continuous water body echo signals are received by the detector system 6, and the continuous water body echo signals are collected and stored by the signal collecting and storing system 3 to serve as actual measurement data. In the later calibration stage, the laser beam emitted by the laser source 1 is collimated into the first optical fiber jumper 8-1 by the optical fiber collimating mirror 4 and attenuated by the adjustable attenuator 7, the incident light intensity can be continuously adjusted by the adjustable attenuator 7, the emergent beam is transmitted into the optical fiber collimating mirror 5 through the second optical fiber jumper 8-2 and collimated into the detector system 6 through the optical fiber collimating mirror 5, the signal response waveform generated by the detector system 6 is collected and stored by the collecting and storing system 3, and the data acquired by the collecting and storing system 3 is used for evaluating the distribution of the pulse effect and finally correcting the post pulse counting noise interference in the measured data of the detector system in the photon counting stage in the high gain mode. The laser light source 1 is used for providing a pulse laser light source with short pulse width, a water body detection light source used in an actual measurement stage and a calibration light source used in a later calibration stage. The laser pulse repetition frequency of the laser light source 1 is regulated and controlled by the signal generator 2. The signal generator 2 is used for providing a TTL square wave driving signal with stable frequency, and the driving signal can still stably drive the laser light source 1 and the acquisition and storage system 3 after one-to-two division. The acquisition and storage system 3 is used to acquire and store waveform data generated by the detector system 6. The adjustable attenuator system 7 is configured to provide a sufficient adjustable attenuation range for simulating a dynamic range of the measured water signal received by the detector system 3. The optical fiber coupling mirror 4 couples the pulse laser emitted by the laser light source 1 into the first optical fiber jumper 8-1, and the first optical fiber jumper 8-1 can introduce the pulse laser into the adjustable attenuator 7 for continuous attenuation. The pulse laser is introduced into the optical fiber collimating mirror 5 through the second optical fiber jumper 8-2 after being attenuated, and is emitted into the detector system 6 through the optical fiber collimating mirror 5.
A method of calibrating a large dynamic range detection apparatus for marine water detection, the method comprising the steps of:
in the step 1, laser emitted by a laser light source 1 is coupled into an optical fiber jumper 8-1 by the optical fiber coupling mirror 4 and is attenuated by the adjustable attenuator 7.
And 2, the adjustable attenuator 7 attenuates the amplitude of the incident laser pulse according to the dynamic range of the actually measured signal in the actually measured stage, and obtains a calibrated incident laser pulse in the dynamic range corresponding to the calibrated stage.
And 3, enabling the calibrated incident laser pulse to enter the detector system 6 through the optical fiber jumper 8-2 and the optical fiber collimating mirror 5.
And 4, after receiving the calibration incident laser pulse signal, the detector system 6 generates corresponding calibration response data, and the corresponding calibration response data is acquired by the acquisition and storage system 3 and then stored in the acquisition and storage system 3.
And 5, performing multi-frame accumulation on the calibration response data acquired by the acquisition and storage system 3 to acquire the statistical data of the distribution of the calibration main pulse signals with different amplitudes and the calibrated pulse counting signals generated by the detector along with the sampling time.
And 6, fitting the distribution statistical data of the calibrated main pulse signals and the calibrated pulse counting signals along with the sampling time to obtain calibrated pulse counting distribution functions corresponding to the calibrated main pulse signals with different amplitudes.
And 7, sequentially matching single-frame actually measured water body data of different depths acquired by the detector system 3 with the calibrated main pulse signals according to different echo amplitudes of different depths, filtering back pulse counting noise corresponding to the actually measured water body signal of the amplitude corresponding to the corresponding depth by using a calibrated pulse counting distribution function corresponding to the matched calibrated main pulse signal, and acquiring the actually measured water body echo data after the pulse counting noise is filtered.
And 8, performing multi-frame accumulation on the single-frame actually-measured water body echo signals with different depths, to which the pulse counting noise is filtered, so as to obtain real large-dynamic-range water body echo data.
The following are the main device parameters used in one embodiment:
the signal generator 2 can generate TTL signals of 0 to +5V, can be used as external trigger signals of the laser 1 and trigger signals of the acquisition and storage system 3, and realizes the signal time sequence synchronization of the emission pulse of the laser 1 and the acquisition and storage system 3.
The control voltage of the PMT detector 6 is limited to be more than 4.0V by a detector power supply and gain control system, and the PMT detector can simultaneously have the continuous signal analog detection capability of an upper water body and the photon counting detection capability of a deep water body.
The adjustable attenuator 7 has an adjustable range of 0-60 dB, and can simulate the change range of water body signals.
The fiber coupling mirror 4 can couple the laser emitted by the laser 1 into the first optical fiber 8-1, and the fiber collimating mirror 5 can collimate the laser in the second optical fiber jumper 8-2 and then enter the PMT detector 6.
The signals generated by the PMT detector 6 may be acquired and stored by the acquisition and storage system 3.
The acquisition and storage system 3 has a 10-bit AD sampling channel and a sampling rate of 1 GHz.
The flow of the correction algorithm is shown in fig. 2, and referring to fig. 2, the correction method of the large dynamic range detection device for ocean water detection of the invention comprises the following flow steps:
step 1, laser emitted by a laser light source 1 is coupled into an optical fiber jumper 8-1 by the optical fiber coupling mirror 4 and is attenuated by the adjustable attenuator 7.
And 2, the adjustable attenuator 7 attenuates the amplitude of the incident laser pulse according to the dynamic range of the actually measured signal in the actually measured stage, and obtains a calibrated incident laser pulse in the dynamic range corresponding to the calibrated stage.
And 3, enabling the calibrated incident laser pulse to enter the detector system 6 through the optical fiber jumper 8-2 and the optical fiber collimating mirror 5.
And 4, after receiving the calibration incident laser pulse signal, the detector system 6 generates corresponding calibration response data, and the corresponding calibration response data is acquired by the acquisition and storage system 3 and then stored in the acquisition and storage system 3.
And 5, performing 10000-frame accumulation on the calibration response data acquired by the acquisition and storage system 3 to acquire the distribution statistical data of the calibration main pulse signals with different amplitudes generated by the detector and the calibrated pulse counting signals along with the sampling time.
And 6, carrying out double-exponential fitting on the distribution statistical data of the calibrated main pulse signals and the calibrated pulse counting signals along with the sampling time to obtain calibrated pulse counting distribution functions corresponding to the calibrated main pulse signals with different amplitudes.
And 7, sequentially matching single-frame actually measured water body data of different depths acquired by the detector system 3 with the calibration main pulse signals according to different echo amplitudes of different depths, filtering back pulse counting noise corresponding to the actually measured water body signals of amplitudes corresponding to the corresponding depths by using a calibrated pulse counting distribution function corresponding to the matched calibration main pulse signals, and acquiring the actually measured water body echo data after the pulse counting noise is filtered.
And 8, performing 500-frame accumulation on the single-frame actually-measured water body echo signals with different depths after the pulse counting noise is filtered out, and acquiring real water body echo data with a large dynamic range.
Claims (4)
1. A large dynamic range detection and correction method for marine water body detection, comprising the steps of:
step 1, laser emitted by a laser light source (1) is coupled into a first optical fiber jumper (8-1) by an optical fiber coupling mirror (4) and is attenuated by an adjustable attenuator (7);
the adjustable attenuator (7) in the step 2 attenuates the amplitude of the incident laser pulse according to the dynamic range of the measured signal to obtain a calibrated incident laser pulse corresponding to the dynamic range in the calibration stage;
the calibrated incident laser pulse in the step 3 is incident into a detector system (6) through a second optical fiber jumper (8-2) and an optical fiber collimating mirror (5);
the detector system (6) in the step 4 generates corresponding calibration response data after receiving the calibration incident laser pulse signal, and the calibration response data is acquired and stored by the acquisition and storage system (3);
step 5, performing multi-frame accumulation on the calibration response data acquired by the acquisition and storage system (3) to acquire distribution statistical data of the calibration main pulse signals with different amplitudes and the calibrated pulse counting signals generated by the detector along with sampling time;
step 6, fitting the distribution statistical data of the calibrated main pulse signals and the calibrated pulse counting signals along with the sampling time to obtain calibrated pulse counting distribution functions corresponding to the calibrated main pulse signals with different amplitudes;
step 7, sequentially matching single-frame actually measured water body data of different depths acquired by a detector system (6) with the calibrated main pulse signals according to different echo amplitudes of different depths, filtering back pulse counting noise corresponding to the actually measured water body signals of amplitudes corresponding to the corresponding depths by using a calibrated pulse counting distribution function corresponding to the matched calibrated main pulse signals, and acquiring the actually measured water body echo data after the pulse counting noise is filtered;
and 8, performing multi-frame accumulation on the single-frame actually measured water body echo signals with different depths after the pulse counting noise is filtered out, and acquiring real water body echo data with a large dynamic range.
2. The method for large dynamic range detection and correction of marine water detection of claim 1, wherein said laser light source (1) is used to provide a pulsed laser light source with short pulse width, a water detection light source for actual measurement phase and a calibration light source for later calibration phase.
3. The high dynamic range detection and correction method for marine water detection of claim 1, wherein the acquisition and storage system (3) is used to acquire and store waveform data generated by the detector system (6).
4. The large dynamic range detection and correction method for ocean water detection according to claim 1 wherein the adjustable attenuator system (7) is adapted to provide an adjustable attenuation range sufficient to simulate the dynamic range of the measured water signal received by the detector system (3).
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| US5760887A (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 1998-06-02 | Hughes Electronics | Multi-pulse, multi-return, modal range processing for clutter rejection |
| RU2356065C2 (en) * | 2007-05-08 | 2009-05-20 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Томский политехнический университет" | Method of millimicrosecond radar-location with resonant compression of transmitter pulse |
| JP5411417B2 (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2014-02-12 | 古野電気株式会社 | Pulse signal transmission / reception device and transmission / reception method |
| US9068881B2 (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2015-06-30 | At&T Intelletual Property I, L.P. | Characterization of single-photon detectors using a continuous wave laser source |
| CN103499816A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-08 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Coaxial laser delay and attenuation simulating device |
| CN105403877B (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2017-11-10 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Larger Dynamic range of optical divides field detection laser radar |
| CN109187365A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2019-01-11 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Ocean profile dual wavelength polarization optics parameter estimator instrument |
| CN209417298U (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-09-20 | 上海大恒光学精密机械有限公司 | Based on the cumulative laser ranging system with waveform sampling of echo waveform |
| CN109581399A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-05 | 西南技术物理研究所 | A kind of Larger Dynamic range Centimeter Level precision laser distance measuring method |
| CN110907922B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2022-09-02 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Calibration device for direct detection wind measurement laser radar |
| CN112098980A (en) * | 2020-07-19 | 2020-12-18 | 武汉光谷航天三江激光产业技术研究院有限公司 | Performance index testing device and method for GM-APD array camera |
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