CN112902231A - Novel heat transfer type air atomizing nozzle - Google Patents
Novel heat transfer type air atomizing nozzle Download PDFInfo
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- CN112902231A CN112902231A CN202110289536.XA CN202110289536A CN112902231A CN 112902231 A CN112902231 A CN 112902231A CN 202110289536 A CN202110289536 A CN 202110289536A CN 112902231 A CN112902231 A CN 112902231A
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- oil
- central cone
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/38—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising rotary fuel injection means
Abstract
The invention provides a novel heat transfer type air atomizing nozzle structure. The nozzle solves the problem of insufficient fuel atomization at present by the heat conduction, radiation effect and heat storage capacity of the porous medium. The heat dissipation cover at the tail part of the nozzle is made of porous medium materials, absorbs heat generated during fuel combustion and conducts upstream radiation; the novel central cone mainly comprises an internal hollow oil cavity, an oil guide fan and an air guide pipe. After the fuel oil in the oil cavity absorbs heat, part of the fuel oil is evaporated to form gaseous fuel oil, and the internal and external pressure difference is increased, so that the fuel oil is sprayed out in an accelerated manner and collides with reverse airflow for atomization; the oil guide fans are arranged along the circumferential direction of the central cone main body, the inclination angles of the fan blades are similar to those of the cyclones, the mixing degree of fuel oil and air is enhanced under the action of generated rotational flow, and meanwhile, the residence time of mixed gas in the nozzle is also prolonged. The mixed gas of the inner ring expands downstream until the lip of the central cone and the gas flow of the outer ring form the impact of phase shearing. The structure effectively enhances the atomization effect of the fuel oil and reduces the emission of pollutants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of combustion chambers of aero-engines, and particularly relates to a novel heat transfer type air atomizing nozzle.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the pressure ratio and the temperature rise of the combustion chamber of the aircraft engine, the centrifugal nozzle is exposed to problems in use, for example, the spray cone angle is reduced under high pressure, the fuel distribution of a main combustion area is influenced, smoke emission and radiation are increased, and the quality of the temperature field at the outlet of the combustion chamber is also reduced. Moreover, as the fuel specifications of the gas turbine are widened, the problems of smoke generation, carbon deposition, wall temperature and the like of the combustion chamber are particularly serious. In contrast, air atomizing nozzles can ensure that fuel and air flow are mixed sufficiently and uniformly, and are widely used. The development of high performance engines places some higher demands on the fuel supply system: complete combustion in a shorter combustion zone to shorten the length of the combustion chamber and reduce the weight of the combustion chamber; better host the concentration field of the main combustion zone; higher required ignition performance and lean blowout range; and the pollutant emission is lower, so that the requirement of low-pollution emission of the future aviation gas turbine is met.
The traditional air atomizing nozzle structure enables fuel to be subjected to the action of inner and outer swirling air shearing forces in the downstream flowing process to form smaller atomized particles. The air atomizing nozzle has the defects that the fuel atomizing quality is poor easily due to one-time atomization, so that the temperature distribution is uneven, and the combustion efficiency of the whole combustion chamber is influenced. Considering the structural characteristics of the other nozzle, namely the evaporation tube, the advantages of the two are combined, and a combined novel air atomizing nozzle can be developed on the basis.
The invention utilizes the characteristics of the porous medium to absorb the heat generated by combustion and transmits the heat to the novel central cone and the upstream gas through the heat conduction and radiation effects of the porous medium, so that part of the fuel oil can be directly evaporated into gaseous state in the mixing cavity, the atomization effect of the fuel oil is greatly enhanced, and the problem of uneven space distribution of the fuel oil is also solved, thereby realizing the purposes of improving the combustion efficiency and reducing the pollutant emission.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a novel heat transfer type air atomizing nozzle so as to solve the problems of insufficient fuel oil atomization, uneven fuel space distribution and the like in the prior art. In the technology, a porous medium heat shield arranged in a flame zone conducts and radiates heat generated by fuel combustion to a central cone and continuously transfers the heat to the upstream, and meanwhile, the heat storage capacity of the porous medium is utilized to recover the waste heat of high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion; the fuel oil in the oil cavity absorbs heat to increase the internal and external pressure difference, and the fuel oil is sprayed out from the oil spray hole in an accelerating way and is crushed into fine oil drops to finish primary atomization; the sprayed fuel oil is crossed with the airflow at the inlet of the mixing cavity to form shearing impact, the fuel oil is subjected to secondary atomization, and meanwhile, part of the fuel oil is directly evaporated into a gaseous state through heat transfer, so that the atomization effect of the fuel oil is increased, and the mixing effect with air is enhanced; the oil guide fan serves as a swirler, the turbulence of the airflow in the mixing cavity is increased, and the two are mixed more uniformly; under the high-speed blowing of the main air flow, the small oil drops expand downstream to the throat of the bushing, the mixed gas at the moment is accelerated in the narrow channel and is collided and torn with the outer ring air flow, the oil drops are atomized for three times to form uniform oil mist, and the fuel oil atomization effect is optimized.
The gas in the air duct constantly accelerates in the shrink passageway to spout through the afterbody fumarole and gush out, the violent disturbance catches fire the air current of a flame section of thick bamboo head, and accelerate gas at the inside swirl that produces of porous medium hole, reposition of redundant personnel and join, and pass the porous medium heat exchanger, the mixing effect of reinforcing heat exchanger central air current, greatly reduced smoke intensity and heat radiation volume reduce pollutant discharge, effectively improve the combustion efficiency of combustion chamber.
Technical scheme
The invention aims to provide a novel heat transfer type air atomizing nozzle.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a novel heat transfer formula air atomizing nozzle, has adopted the cubic atomizing scheme that novel central cone and diffusion type porous medium heat exchanger combined together, its characterized in that: a novel central cone is adopted in the mixing cavity, an airflow channel formed by the inner wall surface of the mixing cavity and the outer wall surface of the central cone gradually shrinks, oil cavities are arranged on the wall surface of the mixing cavity and the inner part of the central cone, and an unobstructed oil path is formed by connecting oil guide fans; the head part of the central cone is provided with an oil injection hole, and the main body part is axially penetrated by the air guide pipe; the air flow channel in the air duct is contracted, and the tail part of the air duct is provided with an air jet hole; the heat hood is arranged in the combustion chamber, and the head of the heat hood is connected with the tail of the central cone.
The novel heat transfer type air atomizing nozzle is characterized in that: all the guide fans are the same in size and are uniformly and symmetrically arranged on the periphery of the central cone along the circumferential direction, and the number distribution and the spacing of the guide fans are set according to the actual outer diameter of the central cone; a plurality of cylindrical oil guide cavities with the same size are arranged in the fuel oil inlet, so that fuel oil enters the central cone oil cavity from the fuel oil hole; the outer fan blades are inclined at a certain angle along the circumferential direction, and the shape of the outer fan blades is similar to that of the cyclone.
The novel heat transfer type air atomizing nozzle is characterized in that: the novel central cone is arranged in the center of the mixing cavity, and the central axes of the novel central cone and the mixing cavity are superposed; the central cone is approximately in a morning glory shape, the tail part of the central cone exceeds the lining slightly, oil spray holes with the same size are symmetrically distributed on the wall surface of the head part along the circumferential direction, and the arrangement mode can be arranged in order or in rows.
The novel heat transfer type air atomizing nozzle is characterized in that: the gas-guide tube axially penetrates through the head and the tail of the central cone, and the central axes of the gas-guide tube and the central cone are superposed; the diameter of the air duct is linearly reduced along the axial direction, the head part is positioned at the inlet of the mixing cavity, the tail part is connected to the central conical tail part, and the air injection holes with the same size are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction on the wall surface of the tail part of the air duct, and the specific number distribution and the distance are set according to the outer diameter of the air duct and the length of the tail part.
The novel heat transfer type air atomizing nozzle is characterized in that: the head of the porous medium heat shield is connected with the tail of the central cone, the whole body is in a step divergence type barrel shape along the axial direction, and the specific step number and the specific step distance are set according to the length of the flame tube of the combustion chamber.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention adopts the porous medium heat cover, continuously transfers heat to upstream by utilizing the heat conduction and radiation effect of the porous medium heat cover on heat generated by combustion, so that the fuel oil is directly evaporated into a gaseous state, and simultaneously preheats fresh fuel gas, thereby greatly enhancing the atomization effect of the fuel oil; and the heat storage capacity of the porous medium can transfer heat to the passing mixed gas again, so that the combustion efficiency of the fuel oil is enhanced. (2) According to the invention, the porous medium heat shield is connected with the central cone, namely the porous medium is directly contacted with the solid metal, and the heat transfer speed is higher compared with non-metal, gaseous and liquid substances, so that the fuel oil in the oil cavity of the central cone absorbs heat more quickly, and the atomization speed of the fuel oil is promoted. (3) The novel center cone adopts a morning glory-shaped structure, on one hand, a narrow channel which is gradually contracted is formed by the wall of the mixing cavity, on the other hand, the tail concave cavity increases the contact area of the internal fuel oil and the wall surface of the main body, namely, the heat transfer area of the metal wall facing the fuel oil is increased, so that the heat transfer is faster and faster. (4) In the invention, the gas in the gas guide tube is sprayed out in an accelerated manner through the tail gas injection holes, the gas flow at the head of the firing flame tube is disturbed violently, the gas is accelerated to generate vortex, shunt and confluence in the pores of the porous medium and passes through the porous medium heat shield, the mixing effect of the central gas flow in the heat shield is enhanced, and the smoke intensity and the heat radiation amount are greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1: schematic diagram of novel heat transfer type air atomizing nozzle
FIG. 2: cross-sectional view of novel heat transfer type air atomizing nozzle
FIG. 3: side view of novel heat transfer type air atomizing nozzle
FIG. 4: schematic diagram of novel center cone
FIG. 5: side view of novel central cone
In the figure: 1-mixing chamber, 2-fuel pipe, 3-mixing chamber oil chamber, 4-lining, 5-porous medium heat shield, 6-lining swirler, 7-gas guide pipe, 8-central cone oil chamber, 9-oil spray hole, 10-oil guide chamber, 11-gas spray hole, 12-oil guide fan, 13-tail cavity, 14-novel central cone
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
with the attached drawings, the invention provides a novel heat transfer type air atomizing nozzle which can effectively improve the atomizing effect of liquid fuel and solve the problem of nonuniform fuel space distribution.
The specific process comprises the following steps:
the gas enters from the head of the nozzle, one part of the gas enters the gas guide pipe 7 to act on the tail of the nozzle, the other part of the gas enters the mixing cavity 1 to form inner-ring main gas flow, the outer-ring gas flow enters the nozzle through the lining 4, and the turbulence degree of the gas flow is increased by the swirler 6 in the nozzle, so that the third atomization effect of the fuel oil is enhanced. The wall of the mixing chamber 1 forms a narrowing narrow channel with the wall of the bushing 4 and the new central cone 14, respectively, in which the air flow is accelerated until it reaches a maximum at the rear lip of the new central cone 14. Fuel enters the mixing cavity oil cavity 3 from the fuel pipe 2, an oil guide cavity 10 is arranged in the oil guide fan 12, and the oil guide fan 12 is connected with the mixing cavity 1 and the novel central cone 14, so that an internal oil way forms a passage, and the fuel finally enters the central cone oil cavity 8.
The porous medium heat shield 5 at the tail part of the nozzle is arranged in a flame zone, heat generated by fuel combustion is continuously transferred to the upstream of the novel central cone 14 through the heat conduction and radiation effects of the porous medium and preheats fresh fuel gas, and meanwhile, the heat storage capacity of the porous medium is utilized to recover high-temperature flue gas waste heat generated by combustion. The fuel in the central conical oil cavity 8 absorbs heat, the internal and external pressure difference is increased according to an ideal equation of state, then the fuel is ejected from the head oil injection hole 9 at a high speed, and the fuel is atomized into fine oil drops at one time; meanwhile, as a large amount of heat is transmitted to the metal pipe wall of the novel central cone 14, part of fuel oil is directly evaporated to be in a gaseous state, and the air pressure and oil pressure difference coexist, the fuel oil is promoted to be sprayed to the outside, and the primary atomization effect of the fuel oil is also enhanced. The sprayed mixture of the fine oil drops and the gaseous fuel oil is collided and torn with the inlet inner ring airflow, and then the mixture is secondarily atomized into smaller oil drops. The oil guide fan 12 plays a role of a swirler in the oil guide fan, so that the mixing degree of fuel oil and air is enhanced, meanwhile, the retention time of an oil-gas mixture in the mixing cavity 1 can be increased, the mixed gas absorbs more heat transferred from downstream to be preheated, and the crushing, atomizing and evaporating processes of the fuel oil are accelerated. Under the blowing of the high-speed inner ring main air flow, the oil mist in the air is expanded to the lip opening downstream, the inner ring mixed gas reaches the maximum flow velocity at the position, meanwhile, the outer ring air flow is accelerated to flow to the lip opening and is crossed with the inner ring mixed gas to form impact of phase shearing, and oil drops are atomized for three times to form uniform oil mist, so that the fuel oil atomization effect is optimized.
The gas in the air duct 7 constantly accelerates in the shrink passageway to spout through afterbody fumarole 11 and gush out, the gas flow that fires a fire flame section of thick bamboo head portion is sharply disturbed, gas swirl, reposition of redundant personnel and confluence are produced inside the porous medium hole to accelerate, and pass the hot cover of porous medium, and the mixing effect of the hot 5 central air currents of cover of reinforcing, greatly reduced degree of smoke and heat radiation volume reduce pollutant emission, effectively improve the combustion efficiency of combustion chamber.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a novel heat transfer formula air atomizing nozzle, has adopted the cubic atomizing scheme that novel central awl and porous medium heat exchanger combined together, its characterized in that: a novel central cone is adopted in the mixing cavity, an airflow channel formed by the inner wall surface of the mixing cavity and the outer wall surface of the central cone gradually shrinks, oil cavities are arranged on the wall surface of the mixing cavity and the inner part of the central cone, and an unobstructed oil path is formed by connecting oil guide fans; the head part of the central cone is provided with an oil injection hole, and the main body part is penetrated by the air guide pipe along the axial direction; the air flow channel in the air duct is contracted, and the tail part of the air duct is provided with an air jet hole; the heat hood is arranged in the combustion chamber, and the head of the heat hood is connected with the tail of the central cone.
2. A novel heat transfer air atomizing nozzle as set forth in claim 1, wherein: all the guide fans are the same in size and are uniformly and symmetrically arranged on the periphery of the central cone along the circumferential direction, and the number distribution and the spacing of the guide fans are set according to the actual outer diameter of the central cone; a plurality of cylindrical oil guide cavities with the same size are arranged in the fuel oil inlet, so that fuel oil enters the central cone oil cavity from the fuel oil hole; the outer fan blades are inclined at a certain angle along the circumferential direction, and the shape of the outer fan blades is similar to that of the cyclone.
3. A novel heat transfer air atomizing nozzle as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the novel central cone is arranged in the center of the mixing cavity, and the central axes of the novel central cone and the mixing cavity are superposed; the central cone is approximately in a morning glory shape, the tail part of the central cone exceeds the lining a little, oil spray holes with the same size are symmetrically distributed on the wall surface of the head part of the central cone along the circumferential direction, and the arrangement mode can be arranged in order or in rows.
4. A novel heat transfer air atomizing nozzle as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the air guide pipe axially penetrates through the central cone, and the central axes of the air guide pipe and the central cone are superposed; the diameter of the air duct is linearly reduced along the axial direction, the head part is positioned at the inlet of the mixing cavity, the tail part is connected to the central conical tail part, and the air injection holes with the same size are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction on the wall surface of the tail part of the air duct, and the specific number distribution and the distance are set according to the outer diameter of the air duct and the length of the tail part.
5. A novel heat transfer air atomizing nozzle as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the head of the porous medium heat shield is connected with the tail of the central cone, the whole body is in a step divergence type barrel shape along the axial direction, and the specific step number and the specific step distance are set according to the length of the flame tube of the combustion chamber.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110289536.XA CN112902231B (en) | 2021-03-02 | 2021-03-02 | Novel heat transfer type air atomizing nozzle |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110289536.XA CN112902231B (en) | 2021-03-02 | 2021-03-02 | Novel heat transfer type air atomizing nozzle |
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| CN112902231A true CN112902231A (en) | 2021-06-04 |
| CN112902231B CN112902231B (en) | 2023-04-07 |
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| CN202110289536.XA Active CN112902231B (en) | 2021-03-02 | 2021-03-02 | Novel heat transfer type air atomizing nozzle |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101398186A (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2009-04-01 | 北京大学 | Self-absorption rotational flow pneumatic atomization nozzle device |
| CN101776026A (en) * | 2010-02-04 | 2010-07-14 | 西北工业大学 | Air inlet of air-breathing pulse detonation engine |
| US20160047315A1 (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2016-02-18 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Atomizing fuel nozzle |
| CN107289460A (en) * | 2017-06-10 | 2017-10-24 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of oil-poor direct-injection air atomizer spray nozzle of pre- membranous type |
| CN108072054A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2018-05-25 | 韩华泰科株式会社 | For the fuel injection apparatus of gas turbine |
| CN108151064A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-06-12 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of expansion segment is stepped Venturi tube |
| CN111023156A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-17 | 西北工业大学 | Swirl nozzle of combustion chamber of gas turbine |
-
2021
- 2021-03-02 CN CN202110289536.XA patent/CN112902231B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101398186A (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2009-04-01 | 北京大学 | Self-absorption rotational flow pneumatic atomization nozzle device |
| CN101776026A (en) * | 2010-02-04 | 2010-07-14 | 西北工业大学 | Air inlet of air-breathing pulse detonation engine |
| US20160047315A1 (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2016-02-18 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Atomizing fuel nozzle |
| CN108072054A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2018-05-25 | 韩华泰科株式会社 | For the fuel injection apparatus of gas turbine |
| CN107289460A (en) * | 2017-06-10 | 2017-10-24 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of oil-poor direct-injection air atomizer spray nozzle of pre- membranous type |
| CN108151064A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-06-12 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of expansion segment is stepped Venturi tube |
| CN111023156A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-17 | 西北工业大学 | Swirl nozzle of combustion chamber of gas turbine |
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| CN112902231B (en) | 2023-04-07 |
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