CN112902014B - Hydrogen energy station and control system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Hydrogen energy station and control system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112902014B CN112902014B CN202110372800.6A CN202110372800A CN112902014B CN 112902014 B CN112902014 B CN 112902014B CN 202110372800 A CN202110372800 A CN 202110372800A CN 112902014 B CN112902014 B CN 112902014B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/03—Control means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/043—Pressure
- F17C2250/0434—Pressure difference
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/45—Hydrogen technologies in production processes
Abstract
The control method comprises the steps of firstly, collecting air pressure of each stage of air storage tank in real time, and determining a newly stored hydrogen distribution strategy of each stage of air storage tank according to the air pressure so as to realize distribution of newly increased hydrogen amount of a hydrogen production system and optimize hydrogenation capacity of each stage of air storage tank; the air pressure of the newly connected load tank is collected in real time, and a new hydrogen discharge distribution strategy of each stage of air storage tank is determined according to the air pressure of the load tank and the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank so as to meet the hydrogenation amount required by the load tank and enable each stage of air storage tank to automatically and continuously fill the load tank to a saturated state; and then repeatedly executing the iteration results of the two strategies until the total loss of the filling of the loading tank for hydrogenation is the lowest by the aid of natural gas pressure difference of the gas storage tanks at all levels, controlling the hydrogen production system to store gas for the gas storage tanks at all levels according to the iteration results, and controlling the gas storage tanks at all levels to fill gas for the loading tank, so that energy consumption of the hydrogen energy station is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automatic control, and particularly relates to a hydrogen energy station, a control system and a control method thereof.
Background
The hydrogen energy is a zero-pollution circulating clean energy, hydrogen elements widely exist in nature, hydrogen is extracted by various energies, and the hydrogen and the oxygen are combusted to generate energy to form zero-pollution water. The existing new energy power generation is developed rapidly, such as photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation, and natural resources are fully utilized to generate pollution-free electric energy. The electricity generated by the new energy is used for electrolytic hydrogen production, so that the light energy and the wind energy in the nature are converted into the hydrogen energy to be stored, and the hydrogen energy is converted into the required energy form when the hydrogen energy is required to be used, thereby realizing zero-pollution energy circulation. The hydrogen energy is convenient for long-time storage, has no loss and pollution in the storage process, and uses zero-pollution circulation, so the hydrogen energy is the most ideal ultimate energy form.
The hydrogen production by using new energy has already started to be carried out in engineering, hydrogen energy stations are also carried out in a plurality of places, more and more hydrogen energy stations are available in areas with rich light energy and wind energy in the future, clean use of energy is realized by using new energy in various forms, and contribution is made to the carbon neutralization target in 2060 years.
In the hydrogen energy station, the supply source of hydrogen is provided by new energy hydrogen production, and hydrogen can be produced in a certain time period every day, namely, a continuous hydrogen supply source is provided. The dynamic flow characteristic of the hydrogen source is the difference between the hydrogen energy station and the traditional independent hydrogen station, and the structure difference between the hydrogen energy station and the independent station is shown in figure 1. When a load tank (such as a vehicle-mounted tank) using hydrogen as an energy source is filled with hydrogen in a hydrogen filling station, the air pressure of a gas storage tank is reduced and the air pressure of the load tank is increased along with the propulsion of filling gas, and finally the air pressures of the gas storage tank and the load tank are balanced on the premise that the air pressure of the load tank is allowed; the pressure profile of the gas filling process is shown in FIG. 2, where P is the gas pressure and t is the time. In the gas filling process, whether the hydrogen in the gas storage tank in the hydrogen filling station can fill gas into the load tank by the self gas pressure difference is not additionally increased, the energy consumption is not increased, the gas filling cannot be performed when the pressure difference is smaller than the lowest limit value depending on the gas pressure difference between the gas storage tank and the load tank.
Therefore, how much gas is stored in different gas storage tanks needs to be taken into consideration to meet the purpose of using the gas storage tank and the vehicle-mounted tank to fill gas by using the self gas pressure difference. That is to say, realize the air entrainment with gas holder and on-vehicle jar self atmospheric pressure difference, what hydrogen need be stored to the gas holders of each grade of hydrogenation station under the different circumstances just can reach hydrogenation energy consumption optimization, is the problem that needs solve at present urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a hydrogen energy station, a control system and a control method thereof, which are used for realizing gas filling by using the self gas pressure difference between a gas storage tank and a vehicle-mounted tank so as to achieve optimization of hydrogenation energy consumption of the hydrogen energy station.
The invention discloses a control method of a hydrogen energy station, which comprises the following steps:
s101, collecting the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank in the hydrogen energy station in real time, and determining a newly stored hydrogen distribution strategy of each stage of air storage tank according to the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank so as to realize distribution of newly increased hydrogen amount of a hydrogen production system in the hydrogen energy station;
s102, collecting the air pressure of a newly connected load tank in real time, and determining a new hydrogen discharge distribution strategy of each stage of air storage tank according to the air pressure of the load tank and the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank so as to meet the hydrogenation amount required by the load tank;
repeatedly executing the steps S101 and S102 until the iteration results of the two strategies ensure that the total filling loss of the gas storage tanks at all levels for the hydrogenation of the load tank is the lowest through the natural gas pressure difference, and executing the step S103;
s103, controlling the hydrogen production system to store gas for each stage of gas storage tank according to the iteration result, and controlling each stage of gas storage tank to fill gas for the load tank.
Optionally, the step S101 of determining a newly stored hydrogen gas distribution strategy for each stage of gas storage tank according to the gas pressure of each stage of gas storage tank includes:
s201, calculating evaluation parameters of each stage of gas storage tank according to the air pressure of each stage of gas storage tank;
s202, distributing the new hydrogen increasing amount of the hydrogen production system to each stage of gas storage tank so that each evaluation parameter meets a preset balance condition, and generating the new stored hydrogen distribution strategy.
Optionally, the evaluation parameters are: and continuously adding any one of the force, the newly added gas quantity and the newly added gas pressure.
Optionally, when the evaluation parameter is the continuous filling force, the calculating the evaluation parameter of each stage of the gas storage tank in step S201 includes:
for each stage of gas storage tank, respectively calculating the maximum hydrogen mass which can be filled and the newly added mass of the load tank for filling gas under the action of the load tank;
and for each stage of gas storage tank, respectively calculating the quotient of dividing the corresponding hydrogen mass by the corresponding newly added mass as the corresponding continuous injection force.
Optionally, the preset balance condition is: and the minimum value of each evaluation parameter is promoted to a first condition, or each evaluation parameter is promoted to a second condition with the same value.
Optionally, the preset equilibrium condition is that the new hydrogen increase amount of the hydrogen production system under the first condition is smaller than the new hydrogen increase amount of the hydrogen production system under the second condition.
Optionally, under the first condition, the minimum value is increased to a middle value in each of the evaluation parameters.
Optionally, under the second condition, each of the evaluation parameters is promoted to a maximum value thereof.
Optionally, in step S102, the determining a new hydrogen discharge distribution strategy for each stage of the gas storage tank according to the gas pressure of the load tank and the gas pressure of each stage of the gas storage tank includes:
and on the premise of ensuring that the charging pressure difference when each stage of gas storage tank is connected with the load tank is greater than the lowest limit value, calculating the charging gas quantity of each stage of gas storage tank to the load tank, and generating the new hydrogen discharge distribution strategy.
Optionally, the step S103 of controlling the hydrogen production system to store gas for each stage of gas storage tank, and controlling each stage of gas storage tank to add gas for the load tank includes:
controlling the hydrogen production system to store gas for each stage of gas storage tank in real time through a corresponding sequence control disc in the hydrogen energy station; and the number of the first and second groups,
and controlling each stage of gas storage tank to fill the load tank by the corresponding sequence control panel.
A second aspect of the invention discloses a control system of a hydrogen energy station for performing the control method of the hydrogen energy station according to any one of the first aspects of the invention.
Optionally, the control system includes: the system comprises a detection subsystem, a hydrogen storage control subsystem, a strategy calculation control subsystem and a hydrogen filling subsystem; wherein:
the detection subsystem is used for acquiring the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank and the air pressure of the load tank in the hydrogen storage system in real time;
the strategy calculation control subsystem receives and obtains a newly stored hydrogen distribution strategy and a newly stored hydrogen distribution strategy in real time according to each detected gas pressure of the detection subsystem, and repeatedly executes an iteration result of the two strategies to ensure that the total filling loss of each stage of gas storage tank for the hydrogenation of the load tank is the lowest through natural gas pressure difference;
the hydrogen filling subsystem is used for controlling the gas storage tanks at all stages to fill hydrogen into the load tank through the hydrogenation filling subsystem according to a final new hydrogen discharge distribution strategy in the iteration result;
and the hydrogen storage control subsystem is used for controlling the hydrogen output by the hydrogen production system to be distributed to the corresponding gas storage tank in the hydrogen storage system according to the final new stored hydrogen distribution strategy in the iteration result.
A third aspect of the invention is a hydrogen energy station comprising: a hydrogen production system, a hydrogen storage system, a hydrogenation system and a control system according to the second aspect of the invention; wherein:
the hydrogen production system is used for conveying the hydrogen generated by the hydrogen production system into the hydrogen storage system;
the hydrogenation system is used for transferring the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage system to a load tank;
the hydrogen storage system comprises at least two stages of gas storage tanks;
the hydrogen production system, the hydrogen storage system and the hydrogenation system are in communication connection and control connection with the control system.
Optionally, the hydrogen storage system comprises a three stage gas storage tank.
According to the technical scheme, the control method of the hydrogen energy station comprises the steps of firstly, collecting the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank in the hydrogen energy station in real time, and determining the newly stored hydrogen distribution strategy of each stage of air storage tank according to the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank so as to realize the distribution of the newly increased hydrogen amount of a hydrogen production system in the hydrogen energy station and optimize the hydrogenation capacity of each stage of air storage tank; the air pressure of the newly connected load tank is collected in real time, and a new hydrogen discharge distribution strategy of each stage of air storage tank is determined according to the air pressure of the load tank and the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank so as to meet the hydrogenation amount required by the load tank and ensure that each stage of air storage tank can automatically and continuously fill the load tank to a saturated state; and then, repeatedly executing the two steps until the iteration results of the two strategies ensure that the total filling loss of the gas storage tanks of all stages for the hydrogenation of the load tank through the natural gas pressure difference is the lowest, and then controlling the hydrogen production system to store gas for the gas storage tanks of all stages and controlling the gas storage tanks of all stages to fill gas for the load tank according to the iteration results, so that the energy consumption of the hydrogen energy station is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structural differences between a hydrogen energy station and a stand-alone station provided in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a graph of gas pressure changes during a gas filling process provided by the prior art;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a control method of a hydrogen energy station according to the present embodiment;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of another control method of a hydrogen energy station according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a strategy calculation process of a hydrogen energy station according to the embodiment;
fig. 6 is a flow chart of a strategy calculation process of another hydrogen energy station provided in the present embodiment;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen energy station and a control system thereof according to the embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In this application, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a," "8230," "8230," or "comprising" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The embodiment of the invention provides a control method of a hydrogen energy station, which is used for realizing gas filling by using the self gas pressure difference of a gas storage tank and a vehicle-mounted tank so as to achieve the aim of optimizing the hydrogenation energy consumption of the hydrogen energy station.
Referring to fig. 3, the control method includes:
s101, collecting the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank in the hydrogen energy station in real time, and determining a newly stored hydrogen distribution strategy of each stage of air storage tank according to the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank so as to realize distribution of newly increased hydrogen amount of a hydrogen production system in the hydrogen energy station.
In the hydrogen energy station, the gas inlets of all stages of gas storage tanks receive hydrogen generated by the hydrogen production system, and the gas outlets of all stages of gas storage tanks hydrogenate corresponding load tanks through corresponding hydrogenation equipment. The hydrogenation process is generally that hydrogenation is carried out by taking the low-pressure gas storage tank as a load tank, then hydrogenation is carried out by taking the medium-pressure gas storage tank as the load tank, and finally hydrogenation is carried out by taking the high-pressure gas storage tank as the load tank.
In general, the air pressure can indicate whether the energy storage tank can automatically hydrogenate the corresponding load tank through the natural gas pressure difference, for example, the larger the air pressure is, the larger the capacity of automatically hydrogenating the corresponding load tank is, and the smaller the air pressure is, the smaller the capacity of automatically hydrogenating the corresponding load is. The gas pressures of all stages of gas storage tanks in the hydrogen energy station cannot completely represent the hydrogenation capacity of the load tanks when the load tanks start to hydrogenate, but still have certain representativeness; of course, the gas storage amount of each stage of gas storage tank may be obtained in real time to replace the gas pressure of each stage of hydrogen storage tank, which is not described herein any more and is all within the protection scope of the present application.
Therefore, according to the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank, the air pressure ratio of each air storage tank can be determined, and the hydrogenation capacity of the hydrogen energy station can be correspondingly determined. It should be noted that, due to the barrel effect, as long as the hydrogenation capacity of any stage of gas storage tank is small, the hydrogenation capacity of the whole hydrogen energy station is also reduced; therefore, it is very necessary to determine the newly stored hydrogen distribution strategy of each stage of gas storage tank to realize the distribution of the newly added hydrogen amount of the hydrogen production system in the hydrogen energy station. Certainly, the distribution strategy of the newly stored hydrogen gas is also to improve the hydrogenation capacity of each stage of gas storage tank, and the hydrogenation capacity of each stage of gas storage tank is made to be similar as much as possible, so as to improve the overall hydrogenation capacity of the hydrogen energy station to the maximum extent.
Specifically, the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank can be obtained through an air pressure sensor, and for a high-pressure air tank with a fixed volume, the air pressure is in direct proportion to the mass of the air in the tank according to a gas state equation, namely the mass of the air in the tank can be known by obtaining the air pressure of each tank; under the condition of stable gas storage temperature, the increase of the gas mass and the increase of the air pressure in the tank are in a linear proportional relationship; the relationship between the parameters is shown in the following formula:
wherein α =1.8922 × 10 -6 (ii) a R is the gas constant, its value is 4124.3, P is the gas pressure in the tank, V is the tank volume, T is the gas storage temperature, and m is the gas mass in the tank.
S102, collecting the air pressure of the newly connected load tank in real time, and determining a new hydrogen discharge distribution strategy of each stage of air storage tank according to the air pressure of the load tank and the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank so as to meet the required hydrogenation amount of the load tank.
When the gas storage tank is used for hydrogenation, the gas pressure of the load tank can be changed along with the change of the gas pressure of the load tank; therefore, the air pressure of the load tank needs to be collected in real time to determine the hydrogenation capacity of the gas storage tank which is currently used for hydrogenating the load tank, and whether the gas storage tank can hydrogenate the load tank to the preset air pressure is required; therefore, it is necessary to determine a new discharge distribution strategy for each stage of the gas storage tanks so that each stage of the gas storage tanks can be filled with the load tank.
It should be noted that, when filling hydrogen into a load tank (mainly storing hydrogen in high-pressure gaseous state) using hydrogen as energy in a hydrogen filling station, whether the hydrogen in a gas storage tank in the hydrogen filling station can fill the load tank with the hydrogen by the pressure difference of the hydrogen storage tank per se is not additionally increased, energy consumption is not additionally increased, the pressure difference depends on the pressure difference between the gas storage tank and the load tank, and when the pressure difference is smaller than the lowest limit value, the gas cannot be filled; with the propulsion of the filling gas, the air pressure of the air storage tank is reduced, the air pressure of the load tank is increased, and finally the air pressures of the air storage tank and the load tank are balanced under the condition that the air pressure of the load tank is allowed, and under the condition of fixed volume, the air pressure and the gas mass are in offline direct proportion, and the air pressure change chart in the gas filling process is shown in fig. 2. Of course, the gas storage amount of each stage of gas storage tank can be obtained in real time to replace the gas pressure of each stage of hydrogen storage tank, which is not described herein any more and is all within the protection scope of the present application
Therefore, in practical applications, the specific process of determining the new hydrogen discharge distribution strategy for each stage of the gas storage tanks according to the gas pressure of the load tank and the gas pressures of the gas storage tanks in step S102 is as follows: and on the premise of ensuring that the charging pressure difference when the gas storage tanks at all levels are connected with the load tank is greater than the lowest limit value, calculating the charging gas quantity of the gas storage tanks at all levels to the load tank, and generating a new hydrogen discharge distribution strategy.
It should be noted that, when the filling pressure difference between each stage of gas storage tank and the load tank is greater than the lowest lower limit value, each stage of hydrogen storage tank can automatically hydrogenate to the load tank, and under the condition that the gas quality or gas pressure consumed by each stage of gas storage tank during hydrogenation is similar, the hydrogen production system respectively supplements a small amount of hydrogen to each stage of gas storage tank, so that the hydrogenation capacity of each stage of gas storage tank can be recovered, the energy consumed by gas storage is less, and the loss in the hydrogenation process can be minimized; if the gas mass or the gas pressure consumed by a certain stage of gas storage tank during hydrogenation is large, a large amount of hydrogen needs to be supplemented to the hydrogen production system, so that large loss is caused; particularly, if the hydrogenation capacity of the first two stages of gas storage tanks is weak, the high pressure gas storage tank is required to consume a large amount of hydrogen to add the load tank to a saturated state, and when the hydrogen is supplemented, a higher level of stored gas power is required, thereby causing excessive loss.
Specifically, the hydrogen filling can be realized without additionally increasing energy consumption in the hydrogenation process, the key is that the gas flow rate is determined according to the gas pressure difference of a gas Bernoulli equation in a fixed channel according to the gas pressure difference of a gas storage tank and a load tank, and the continuous filling capacity is determined by the gas pressure of each stage of gas storage tank under the condition of determining the volume of the load tank; in practical engineering, three stages of gas storage tanks are generally used for hydrogenation, the three stages of gas storage tanks are matched according to high, medium and low pressure, and a hydrogen production system is used for storing appropriate gas quantity for the high, medium and low pressure tanks, so that the capacity of continuously filling hydrogen into the load tank by the high, medium and low pressure tanks is optimal.
It should be noted that the execution sequence of steps S101 and S102 is not limited, and step S101 is executed as long as there is a new hydrogen gas in the hydrogen production system, and step S102 is executed as long as there is a load tank connected.
And (4) repeatedly executing the steps S101 and S102 until the iteration results of the two strategies ensure that the total filling loss of the gas storage tanks at all stages for hydrogenation of the load tank through the natural gas pressure difference is the lowest, and executing the step S103. Specifically, the steps S101 and S102 are executed in real time to perform iterative calculation, and the strategy of the steps S101 and S102 is adjusted in real time, that is, the newly added gas quantity of each stage of gas storage tank and the hydrogen gas quantity injected into the load tank by each stage of gas storage tank are adjusted in real time.
And S103, controlling the hydrogen production system to store gas for each stage of gas storage tank according to the iteration result, and controlling each stage of gas storage tank to fill gas for the load tank.
It should be noted that steps S101 and S102 need to be repeatedly executed until the iteration result of the two strategies minimizes the total filling loss of each stage of gas storage tank, and then step S103 is executed again in order to enable the corresponding gas storage tank to automatically hydrogenate the load tank and constantly keep the hydrogenation capacity of each stage of gas storage tank balanced, thereby reducing the energy loss caused by the hydrogenation process.
In both steps S101 and S102, the corresponding policy is determined, and in step S103, the actual control is executed.
It should be noted that, in general, the gas filling process and the gas storage process of each stage of gas storage tank in the hydrogen energy station are controlled and realized by corresponding sequential control panels; specifically, according to a final newly stored hydrogen distribution strategy in the iteration result, the hydrogen production system is controlled by a corresponding sequence control disc in the hydrogen energy station to store gas for each stage of gas storage tank in real time, and the sequence control disc is used for controlling the hydrogen production system to store hydrogen for the corresponding gas storage tank according to the sequence corresponding to each stage of gas storage tank; and controlling each stage of gas storage tank to fill the load tank by the corresponding sequence control panel according to a final new hydrogen discharge distribution strategy in the iteration result, wherein the sequence control panel is used for controlling each stage of gas storage tank to fill the load tank with hydrogen according to the respective corresponding sequence. The specific structure and operation principle of the sequence control board can be referred to in the prior art, and are not described in detail herein.
In this embodiment, the hydrogenation capacity of each stage of gas storage tank is optimized by the newly stored hydrogen distribution strategy of each stage of gas storage tank, so as to achieve the optimal hydrogen hydrogenation capacity of the hydrogenation station; meanwhile, the gas is filled into the load tanks by the new discharged hydrogen distribution strategy of each stage of gas storage tank, so that the corresponding gas storage tanks of each stage are automatically and continuously filled into the load tanks to be in a saturated state, and the energy consumption of the hydrogen energy station is reduced; namely, the hydrogen production system and the gas storage tanks at all stages in the hydrogenation station are subjected to linkage control to realize real-time control and adjustment, so that the continuous filling capacity of the hydrogenation station is optimal all the time.
In practical applications, referring to fig. 4, the determining the distribution strategy of the newly stored hydrogen gas for each stage of the gas storage tanks according to the gas pressure of each stage of the gas storage tanks in step S101 includes:
s201, calculating evaluation parameters of each stage of air storage tank according to the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank.
The evaluation parameter may be considered to be the hydrogenation capacity of each stage of the gas holder in its own corresponding stage.
In practical applications, the evaluation parameters may be: any one of continuous injection force, newly increased gas quantity and newly increased gas pressure; of course, other parameters are not excluded as long as the hydrogenation capability of each stage of gas storage tank can be represented, and are not described herein any more and are all within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that, taking the three-stage gas storage tank as an example, the first-stage low-pressure gas storage tank fills hydrogen gas into the load tank to reach a first-stage equilibrium pressure P 1B Realize air pressure balance, the secondary medium-pressure air storage tank supplies P to the load tank 1B Begins to pressurize to a secondary equilibrium pressure P 2B The three-stage high-pressure air storage tank pressurizes the load tank to full pressure, namely the full pressure P of the load tank LF 。
Initial pressure P of primary gas storage tank 1I And initial pressure P of load tank LI The maximum hydrogen mass Deltam which can be filled in the primary gas storage tank can be calculated according to the pressure difference between the two 1 (ii) a Initial pressure P of secondary gas tank 2I Balancing the pressure P with the load tank 1B The maximum hydrogen filling mass Deltam of the secondary initial tank can be calculated according to the pressure difference between the two tanks 2 (ii) a Initial pressure P of three-stage gas storage tank 3I And the second-stage balance air pressure P of the load tank 2B And full pressure P of the load tank LF The maximum hydrogen filling mass Deltam of the three-level initial tank can be calculated according to the air pressure difference 3 . Load tank from initial pressure P LI To first-order equilibrium pressure P 1B The mass of the gas to be filled is delta m L1 Balancing the pressure P from the first stage 1B To a second equilibrium pressure P 2B The mass of gas to be injected is Deltam L2 From two stages of equilibrium of the pressure P 2B To full pressure P of the load tank LF The mass of gas to be injected is Δ m L3 . Wherein the volume of the primary gas storage tank is V 1 Volume of the secondary gas storage tank is V 2 Volume of the three-stage gas storage tank is V 3 The volume of the load tank is V L 。
The hydrogenation capacity of each stage of gas storage tank is improved, so that the overall hydrogenation capacity of the hydrogenation station can be improved, the energy consumption is lowest, and under the condition that the hydrogen production amount is limited within a fixed time, the gas storage amount of each stage of gas storage tank is obtained through strategy calculation so as to achieve the same hydrogenation capacity of the three stages of gas storage tanks, namely, the wood barrel short plates are supplemented, and finally the lowest energy consumption in the hydrogenation process of the hydrogenation station is realized. The specific policy calculation processing flow is shown in fig. 5.
Specifically, when the evaluation parameter is the continuous injection force, the specific process of calculating the evaluation parameter of each stage of gas storage tank is as follows: firstly, respectively calculating the maximum hydrogen gas mass which can be filled (shown in a formula (5)) of each stage of gas storage tank and the newly added mass of the load tank for filling gas under the action of the load tank (shown in a formula (6)); then, for each stage of gas storage tank, the quotient of the corresponding hydrogen mass divided by the corresponding new mass (as shown in formula (7)) is calculated as the corresponding continuous filling force. Of course, the corresponding equilibrium air pressure also needs to be calculated (as shown in formula (4))
Specifically, the formulas are as follows:
by the same method, P can be calculated 2B 、△m 2 、△m 3 、△m L2 、△m L3 、N 2 、N 3 。
After step S201 is executed, step S202 is executed.
S202, distributing the newly increased hydrogen amount of the hydrogen production system to each stage of gas storage tank so that each evaluation parameter meets a preset balance condition, and generating a newly stored hydrogen distribution strategy.
Certainly, the preset balance condition ensures that the hydrogenation capacity of the corresponding gas storage tank is improved, so that the integral hydrogenation capacity of the hydrogen energy station is improved.
The preset balance condition can be a first condition for improving the minimum value in each evaluation parameter; alternatively, the preset balance condition may be a second condition in which each evaluation parameter is increased to the same value.
In practical application, the new hydrogen increasing amount of the hydrogen production system under the first preset balance condition is smaller than the new hydrogen increasing amount of the hydrogen production system under the second preset balance condition.
Specifically, when the newly added hydrogen amount of the hydrogen production system is small, the preset balance condition is a first condition, and the minimum value is increased to the middle value of each evaluation parameter; naturally, the minimum value may be increased to another value, such as the maximum value, or any value greater than the minimum value, which is not specifically limited herein, and the overall hydrogenation capacity of the hydrogen production hydrogenation station can only be increased as long as the minimum value is increased; further, when the new hydrogen increasing amount of the hydrogen production system is larger, the preset balance condition is a second condition, and all evaluation parameters are improved to the maximum value; of course, when the hydrogen production system has more newly added hydrogen, all the evaluation parameters including the maximum value are improved, the newly added hydrogen is only required to be distributed, and all the evaluation parameters are finally equal, so that the hydrogen energy station has no short hydrogenation capacity plate, and the overall hydrogenation capacity is optimal.
For example, for N 1 、N 2 、N 3 Sorting to obtain the maximum value N max Middle value N mid Minimum value N min When the hydrogen production system does not have sufficient hydrogen amount, the minimum value N is determined min The gas storage tank at the corresponding stage is lifted to N through the hydrogen production system mid Then the method is finished; when the hydrogen production system has sufficient hydrogen quantity, the other gas storage tanks are further lifted to raise the continuous injection force N to N max The calculation process is a dynamic linkage change process according to fig. 5.
In addition, in practical application, step S102 is executed, the air pressure of the newly connected load tank is collected in real time, and a new hydrogen discharge distribution strategy of each stage of air storage tank is determined according to the air pressure of the load tank and the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank, so that when the required hydrogenation amount of the load tank is met, specifically, a strategy diagram for controlling each stage of air storage tank to perform air charging for the load tank and a corresponding calculation process is shown in fig. 6, where when the air pressure difference between the air storage tank and the load tank is smaller than a lowest limit value, a low-pressure alarm is performed.
When P is x ＞P 1min And (4) obtaining the quality of the hydrogen gas to be filled into the load tank according to a formula (8).
Wherein, P x Is the air pressure of the reservoir, P L To load the pressure of the tank, Δ m L The mass of gas to be filled into the load tank.
In the embodiment, in the hydrogen energy station, according to the balance air pressure of each level of the load tank using hydrogen, when the air pressure difference between the air storage tank and the load tank realizes air injection, the optimal hydrogen injection amount of each level of the air storage tank is found so as to achieve the maximum air injection capacity of the hydrogenation station under the air storage amount; meanwhile, the gas storage amount of each stage of gas storage tank of the hydrogen station is adjusted in real time through the hydrogen production system, and the gas injection capacity of the hydrogen station is improved, so that the produced hydrogen of the hydrogen production system is optimal in gas injection capacity all the time in the hydrogen station. And the gas filling amount of each stage of gas storage tank to the load tank is adjusted in real time according to the real-time gas pressure and flow rate requirements of the load tank.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a control system of the hydrogen energy station, which is used for executing the control method of the hydrogen energy station provided by any one of the above embodiments.
For details of the specific working process and principle of the control system, reference is made to the control method provided in the foregoing embodiment, and details are not repeated here.
Referring to fig. 7, the control system includes: the system comprises a detection subsystem, a hydrogen storage control subsystem, a strategy calculation control subsystem and a hydrogen filling subsystem; wherein:
the input end of the detection subsystem is connected with each stage of gas storage tank and load tank in the hydrogen storage system, and the detection subsystem is used for collecting the gas pressure of each stage of gas storage tank and the gas pressure of the load tank in the hydrogen storage system in real time. Specifically, air pressure sensors can be arranged in each level of air storage tank and at the interface of the load tank, and each air pressure sensor is used as a detection subsystem together to collect corresponding air pressure in real time.
The output end of the detection subsystem is connected with the input end of the strategy calculation control subsystem; specifically, the output ends of the air pressure sensors in the detection subsystem are respectively connected with the corresponding input ends of the strategy calculation control subsystem.
The strategy calculation control subsystem receives the gas pressures detected by the detection subsystem in real time, obtains a new hydrogen storage distribution strategy and a new hydrogen storage distribution strategy, and repeatedly executes an iteration result of the two strategies to ensure that the total filling loss of the gas storage tanks at all stages for the hydrogenation of the load tank is the lowest through the natural gas pressure difference.
The output end of the strategy calculation control subsystem is connected with the input end of the hydrogen filling subsystem, so that the strategy calculation control subsystem distributes the final new hydrogen discharging strategy in the iteration result to the hydrogen filling subsystem.
And the hydrogen filling subsystem is used for controlling each stage of gas storage tank to fill hydrogen into the load tank through the hydrogenation filling subsystem according to a final new hydrogen discharge distribution strategy in the iteration result.
The output end of the strategy calculation control subsystem is connected with the input end of the hydrogen storage control subsystem, so that the strategy calculation control subsystem can distribute the final new hydrogen storage distribution strategy in the iteration result to the hydrogen filling subsystem.
And the hydrogen storage control subsystem is used for controlling the hydrogen output by the hydrogen production system to be distributed to corresponding gas storage tanks in the hydrogen storage system according to the final new stored hydrogen distribution strategy in the iteration result.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a hydrogen energy station, referring to fig. 7, including: a hydrogen production system, a hydrogen storage system, a hydrogenation system and a control system; wherein:
the gas outlet of the hydrogen production system is connected with the gas inlet of the hydrogen storage system, so that the hydrogen production system transmits hydrogen generated by the hydrogen production system to the hydrogen storage system.
The gas outlet of the hydrogen storage system is connected with the gas inlet of the load tank through the hydrogenation system, so that hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage system is transmitted to the load tank through the hydrogenation system.
The hydrogen storage system comprises at least two stages of gas storage tanks, preferably three stages; the gas inlets of the gas storage tanks at all stages are used for receiving corresponding hydrogen generated by the hydrogen production system, and the gas outlets of the gas storage tanks at all stages are used for filling hydrogen into the load tank through the hydrogenation system.
The hydrogen production system, the hydrogen storage system and the hydrogenation system are in communication connection and control connection with the control system.
For details of the working process and principle of the control system, reference is made to the control system provided in the above embodiment, and details are not repeated here.
Features described in the embodiments in the present specification may be replaced or combined with each other, and the same and similar portions among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment is described with emphasis on differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system or system embodiments, which are substantially similar to the method embodiments, are described in a relatively simple manner, and reference may be made to some descriptions of the method embodiments for relevant points. The above-described system and system embodiments are only illustrative, wherein the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement without inventive effort.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative components and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the components and steps of the various examples have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (12)
1. A control method of a hydrogen energy station, characterized by comprising:
s101, collecting the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank in the hydrogen energy station in real time, calculating evaluation parameters of each stage of air storage tank according to the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank, distributing the new hydrogen increasing amount of the hydrogen production system to each stage of air storage tank so that each evaluation parameter meets a preset balance condition, and determining a new hydrogen storage distribution strategy of each stage of air storage tank so as to realize distribution of the new hydrogen increasing amount of the hydrogen production system in the hydrogen energy station;
s102, collecting the air pressure of a newly connected load tank in real time, and determining a new hydrogen discharge distribution strategy of each stage of air storage tank according to the air pressure of the load tank and the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank so as to meet the required hydrogenation amount of the load tank;
repeatedly executing the steps S101 and S102 until the iteration results of the two strategies ensure that the total filling loss of the gas storage tanks at all levels for the hydrogenation of the load tank is the lowest through the natural gas pressure difference, and executing the step S103;
s103, controlling the hydrogen production system to store gas for each stage of gas storage tank according to the iteration result, and controlling each stage of gas storage tank to add gas for the load tank.
2. The control method of a hydrogen energy station according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaluation parameters are: any one of the continuous injection force, the newly added gas quantity and the newly added gas pressure.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein when the evaluation parameter is the continuous filling force, the calculating of the evaluation parameter for each stage of the gas tank in step S201 includes:
for each stage of gas storage tank, respectively calculating the maximum hydrogen mass which can be filled in each stage of gas storage tank and the newly added mass of the load tank which is filled with gas under the action of each stage of gas storage tank;
and for each stage of gas storage tank, respectively calculating the quotient of dividing the corresponding hydrogen mass by the corresponding newly added mass as the corresponding continuous injection force.
4. The control method of a hydrogen energy station according to claim 1, characterized in that the preset equilibrium condition is: and the minimum value of each evaluation parameter is promoted to a first condition, or each evaluation parameter is promoted to a second condition with the same value.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the hydrogen production system fresh hydrogen gas amount under the first condition is smaller than the hydrogen production system fresh hydrogen gas amount under the second condition.
6. The method of controlling a hydrogen energy plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the minimum value is raised to an intermediate value among the evaluation parameters in the first condition.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein under the second condition, each of the evaluation parameters is raised to a maximum value thereof.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the step S102 of determining a new hydrogen discharge distribution strategy for each stage of gas storage tank according to the gas pressure of the load tank and the gas pressure of each stage of gas storage tank comprises:
and on the premise of ensuring that the charging pressure difference when the gas storage tanks at all levels are connected with the load tank is greater than the lowest limit value, calculating the charging gas quantity of the gas storage tanks at all levels to the load tank, and generating the new hydrogen discharge distribution strategy.
9. The method for controlling the hydrogen energy station according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the step S103 of controlling the hydrogen production system to store gas in each stage of gas storage tank and to fill gas in each stage of gas storage tank into the load tank comprises:
controlling the hydrogen production system to store gas for each stage of gas storage tank in real time through a corresponding sequence control disc in the hydrogen energy station; and the number of the first and second groups,
and controlling each stage of gas storage tank to fill the load tank by the corresponding sequence control panel.
10. A control system of a hydrogen energy station for performing the control method of the hydrogen energy station according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the control system comprising: the system comprises a detection subsystem, a hydrogen storage control subsystem, a strategy calculation control subsystem and a hydrogen filling subsystem; wherein:
the detection subsystem is used for acquiring the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank and the air pressure of the load tank in the hydrogen storage system in real time;
the strategy calculation control subsystem receives the gas pressures detected by the detection subsystem in real time, obtains a new hydrogen storage distribution strategy and a new hydrogen discharge distribution strategy according to the detected gas pressures of the detection subsystem, and repeatedly executes an iteration result of the two strategies to ensure that the total filling loss of the gas storage tanks at all levels for the hydrogenation of the load tank is the lowest through natural gas pressure difference;
the hydrogen filling subsystem is used for controlling the gas storage tanks at all levels to fill hydrogen into the load tank through the hydrogenation filling subsystem according to a final new hydrogen discharge distribution strategy in the iteration result;
and the hydrogen storage control subsystem is used for controlling the hydrogen output by the hydrogen production system to be distributed to the corresponding gas storage tank in the hydrogen storage system according to the final new stored hydrogen distribution strategy in the iteration result.
11. A hydrogen energy station, comprising: a hydrogen production system, a hydrogen storage system, a hydrogenation system, and the control system of claim 10; wherein:
the hydrogen production system is used for transmitting hydrogen generated by the hydrogen production system into the hydrogen storage system;
the hydrogenation system is used for transferring hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage system to a load tank;
the hydrogen storage system comprises at least two stages of gas storage tanks;
the hydrogen production system, the hydrogen storage system and the hydrogenation system are in communication connection and control connection with the control system.
12. The hydrogen power station of claim 11, wherein the hydrogen storage system comprises a three stage gas storage tank.
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